1. various adj. 不同的;各种各样的vary vi.&vt. 有变化;改变 variety n. 变化;种种;种类
[典例]
1). Their hobbies are many and various. 他们的业余爱好五花八门。
2). There are various colours to choose from. 有各种各样的颜色可供选择。
[重点用法]
many and various 各种各样的 (多作表语) for various reasons 由於种种原因
a considerable/great/wide variety of 各种各样的 in a variety of ways 用种种方法
a variety of + n.(复数) 各种各样的 varieties of + n. (可数或不可数) 各种各样的
[练习] 用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空或填介词。
1). Of all the ________ (variety) methods of learning a foreign language, I think this is the best.
2). ________ (variety) of TV programmes are being broadcast on TV at present.
3). Prices vary ________ (介词) five yuan ________ (介词) ten yuan.
4). The flowers varied ________ (介词) colour and size.
Keys: 1). various 2). Varieties 3). from; to 4). in
III 词性变化 (旨在提供语法填空所需材料)
1. central adj.中央的,核心 的;(位于)中心的;主要的 |
center
n.圆心,正中;中心v. 把……集中于 |
centrally
adv. 中央地,集中地 |
2.
attract vt.吸引,引起……的注意 |
attraction
n.吸引(力);具有吸引力的人或物 |
attractive
adj.有吸引力的,引起注意的 |
3. tourism n. 旅游事业
|
tour v. 旅行,游历 |
tourist n.旅游者,观光者 |
4. length
n.长,长度,距离;一段,一节 |
lengthen
v. (使)变长,延伸 |
long adj./adv. 长(期)的(地) n.长时间 vi.渴望 |
5. settler n.移居者;殖民者 |
settle
vt. 调停;安排;支付 vi.定居;飞落 |
settlement n.解决,协议;居留地 |
6. translator n. 译者 |
translate
v. 翻译 |
translation n.翻译,译文 |
7. admission n. 准许进(加) 入;入场费(卷);承认 |
admit
vt. 承认;准许 ……进(加)入 vi.承认 |
|
[练习]用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。 1). The coastal areas have mild winters, but by contrast the ________ (center) plains become extremely cold. 2). Although our looks differ, we are both________ (attract). 3). One of the main ________ (attract) of the job is the high salary. 4). Cambridge is always full of ________ (tourism) in the summer. 5). In front of the village runs a river 300 miles in ________ (long). 6). ________ (admit) to the concert costs £5. 7). It is said that the first ________ (settle) of this country were prisoners. 8). I read the book in ________ (translate), not in the original Norwegian. Keys: 1). central 2). attractive 3). attractions 4). tourists 5). length 6). Admission 7). settlers 8). translation |
IV 重点词汇 (旨在提供综合运用所需材料)
I单元要点预览(旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点)
词汇 部分 |
词语 辨析 |
1.
whichever / no matter which
2. cloth / clothe / clothes /
clothing 3. preserve / reserve |
|
词形 变化 |
1. central adj.中央的,核心 的;(位于)中心的;主要的 |
center
n.圆心,正中;中心v. 把……集中于 |
centrally
adv. 中央地,集中地 |
2.
attract vt.吸引,引起……的注意 |
attraction
n.吸引(力);具有吸引力的人或物 |
attractive
adj.有吸引力的,引起注意的 |
|
3. tourism n. 旅游事业
|
tour v. 旅行,游历 |
tourist n.旅游者,观光者 |
|
4. length
n.长,长度,距离;一段,一节 |
lengthen
v. (使)变长,延伸 |
long adj./adv. 长(期)的(地) n.长时间 vi.渴望 |
|
5. settler n.移居者;殖民者 |
settle
vt. 调停;安排;支付 vi.定居;飞落 |
settlement n.解决,协议;居留地 |
|
6. translator n. 译者 |
translate
v. 翻译 |
translation n.翻译,译文 |
|
7. admission n. 准许进(加) 入;入场费(卷);承认 |
admit
vt. 承认;准许 ……进(加)入 vi.承认 |
|
|
重点 单词 |
1.
various adj. 不同的;各种各样的 2. amusement n. 娱乐品;娱乐;快 3. swing (swung, swung) vt.&vi.摇摆;摆动 n.[c]摇摆;千秋 4. fun n.[u] 有趣的人或事,玩笑,娱乐 5. preserve vt. 保存;保留;保护 n.[c,u]保护(区) 6. advance vi.前进 vt. 预先发放,提前 n. 进展 |
||
重点 词组 |
1. be famous/known for 由于……而闻名;以……而著称 2. no wonder 难怪;不足为奇 3. be modelled after/on 根据……模仿;仿造 4. come to life vi. 活跃起来;苏醒过来,振作起来,表现生动 5. within (easy) reach of... 在……可(容易)到达或前往的距离以内 |
||
重点句子 |
1. Some parks are famous for having the biggest or longest roller
coasters, others for showing the famous sights and sounds of a culture. 2. If driving, Futuroscope is within easy reach of the freeway. |
||
重点语法 |
V-ing 的基本用法(见语法部分) |
II 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
1.
whichever / no matter which |
[解释] whichever无论哪一个;任何一个/些 1) 引导名词从句, 即主语从句或宾语从句;2) 引导让步状语从句= no matter which, 译作“无论哪一个”。 no matter which 只能引导让步状语从句。 |
[练习]用whichever,no matter which填空。 1). _________ of you comes in first will get the book. 2). _________ side wins, I shall be satisfied. 3). You can take _________ you like. 4). ________ you choose, you must stand by your decision. Keys: 1). Whichever 2). Whichever (=No matter which) 3). whichever 4). Whichever (=No matter which) |
2. cloth / clothe / clothes / clothing |
[解释] cloth n. 指“衣料”时是不可数名词,作“(特殊用途的)布”时,是可数名词,如:a table cloth;a dish-cloth clothe vt. 给“给……穿衣,为……提供衣物”,如:He has to work hard to feed and clothe his large family. clothes n. 指“衣服\服装”;包括“上衣\裤子\内衣”等,是复数名词,没有单数,不能直接和连词连用,后面要接复数动词,如:These new clothes are all for her. clothing n. 指“总称衣服\被褥”,还包括“帽子\鞋袜”等,没有复数形式,后面跟单数动词,如:Our clothing protects us from cold. / A coat is a clothing. |
[练习]用cloth,clothe,clothes,clothing填空。
1). We have enough food and ________ for the winter. 2). She’ s got many beautiful ________. 3). Now they are able to feed and ________ their children better. 4). He was following _______ behind. 5). She began cleaning the wound with a piece of _______. 6). Wipe the surface of the table with a damp _______. Keys: 1). clothing 2). clothes 3). clothe 4). closely 5). cloth 6). cloth |
3.
preserve / reserve |
[解释] preserve意为“保护;维护;保养;防止(食物)腐败”,强调使不受破坏。 reserve意为“保留,储备,订(座位),预定”,强调为某一特殊目的。 |
[练习]用preserve,reserve填空。 1). At minus 130ºC, a living cell can be _________ for a thousand years. 2). We are _________ these seats for our parents. 3). You’ d better _________ your strength for the basketball game. 4). The government ________ the rights of the individual person. Keys: 1). preserved 2). reserving 3). reserve 4). preserves |
12、答案:物体所受的最大静摩擦力fm=μG=8N(1)∵F-F2=7N<fm∴物体保持静止所受的静摩擦力为f1=F1-F2=7N,方向水平向右.(2)∵F2=6N<fm∴物体保持静止,所受的静摩擦力为f2=F2=6N,方向水平向左
(3)∵F1=13N>fm∴物体相对水平面向左滑动,物体所受的滑动摩擦力f3=μG=8N.方向水平向右.
11、答案:重力的施力物体是地球,柱面给它弹力的施力物体是圆柱,地面给它的弹力和摩擦力的施力物体是地面,受力示意图
8、答案:B(点拨:重力是由于地球对物体的吸引而使物体受到的力,分析物体受力时不能重复考虑) 9、答案:mg;(M-m)g 10、答案:2.2;0.2
3、答案:D(点拨:两个物体间的相互作用力总是大小相等、方向相反,但不是作用在同一物体上,所以无平衡可言) 4、答案:D(点拨:木箱与地面间存在静摩擦力的最大值--最大静摩擦力,但木箱的实际受力不一定达到这一最大值) 5、答案:B(点拨:发生形变的物体所产生的弹力不是自己所受,而是使得它发生形变的物体所受) 6、答案BCD 7、答案:A(点拨:A和B的受力情况应完全对称,若A、B间的摩擦力不为零,则受力不再对称)
1、答案:C 2、答案:AB
5、答案:C 6、答案:AD(点拨:将物块与斜面体作为整体来看,这一整体放在水平面上没有相对桌面运动的趋势) 7、答案:AC 8、答案:ABD 9、答案:A(点拨:皮带不打滑,说明P和Q处的摩擦力都是静摩擦力,A轮上的P点相对接触处的皮带具有向下滑动的趋势,B轮上的Q点相对接触处的皮带也具有向下滑动的趋势) 10、答案:1.5G;0.5G 11、答案:3.6;1 12、答案:图略 13、答案:0.6N(点拨:尺有1/3长度在桌面外时没有翻转,尺与水平桌面间的正压力大小仍等于它的重力大小)
单元训练卷(1)
4、答案:C(点拨:运动员不管是匀速攀升还是匀速下滑,所受的摩擦力都是用来平衡他的重力)
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