83. What is the attitude of the author towards reading improvement courses mentioned in the passage? ( one word )　 (3分)

________________________　　　　　 ____　　 _______________

82.what does reading require according to the writer?(no more than 8 words)(2分)

________________________　　　　　 ____　　 _______________

81. Show at least three facts which can affect the time of the recognition span. (no more than 14 words)(2分)

____________________________　　　　　　　 _______________

70. If many older physicians stop working in the coming years, Americans will have 　　　　.

A. even less access to medical services　　　　　　　 B. even better patient care

C. a shortage of younger physicians　　　　　　　　　 D. more job opportunities

PART FOUR WRITING

Section A (10分)

Directions: Read the following passage. Complete the diagram by using the information for the passage.　 Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.

Losing weight is difficult, and keeping it off may be even harder. So Harvard researchers set out to determine exactly how much physical activity women need in midlife to avoid gaining weight as they age.

The researchers found that an hour of moderate activity a day - including such recreational activities as brisk walking, leisurely bicycling, ballroom dancing and playing with children - prevented women of normal weight from gaining more than five pounds over any three-year period. Half that amount of vigorous activity, like running, jogging or fast biking, will do the trick as well, they said.

Women who got the same amount of exercise but were heavier to start with were not able to avoid gaining weight, however. Neither were women of normal weight who got less than seven hours a week of moderate activity, according to the study, published in the March 24 issue of The Journal of the American Medical Association.

The average weight gain over the course of the 15-year study, which followed 34,079 healthy women with an average age of 54 at the beginning, was just over five pounds. The researchers did not take diet into account.

“It’s so hard to lose weight and maintain the loss, so whatever weight you are, you should try to stay that weight - that is a success,” said the paper’s lead author, Dr. I-Min Lee, an associate professor of epidemiology at Harvard School of Public Health.

But any amount of exercise is beneficial, she emphasized. “People shouldn’t just throw up their hands and say, ‘Sixty minutes? I can’t do that,’ and give up. Health is more than weight.”

Title: A research on how to 　　71　　

Section B (10分)

Directions: Read the following passage. Answer the questions according to the information given in the passage and required words limit. Write your answers on your answer sheet.

Now let us look at how we read. When we read a printed text, our eyes move across a page in short, jerky movement. We recognize words usually when our eyes are still when they fixate. Each time they fixate, we see a group of words. This is known as the recognition span or the visual span(视幅). The length of time of which the eyes stop ---the duration of the fixation ----varies considerably from person to person. It also varies within any one person according to his purpose in reading and his familiarity with the text. Furthermore, it can be affected by such factors as lighting and tiredness.

Unfortunately, in the past, many reading improvement courses have concentrated too much on how our eyes move across the printed page. As a result of this misleading emphasis on the purely visual aspects of reading, numerous exercises have been devised to train the eyes to see more words at one fixation. For instance, in some exercises, words are flashed on to a screen for, say, a tenth or a twentieth of a second. One of the exercises has required students to fix their eyes on some central point, taking in the words on either side. Such word patterns are often constructed in the shape of rather steep pyramids so the reader takes in more and more words at each successive fixation. All these exercises are very clever, but it’s one thing to improve a person’s ability to see words and quite another thing to improve his ability to read a text efficiently. Reading requires the ability to understand the relationship between words. Consequently, for these reasons, many experts have now begun to question the usefulness of eye training, especially since any approach which trains a person to read isolated words and phrases would seem unlikely to help him in reading a continuous text.

69. In the eyes of many older physicians, medicine 　　　　.

A. comes first in their choice of a career for their children

B. remains their lifelong pursuit

C. is not as good a career as it used to be

D. is more demanding than it used to be

68. Many older physicians in the U. S. view the work ethic of their younger

counterparts 　　　　.

A. with appreciation　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. with disapproval

C. with jealous　　　　　　　　　 D. with indifference

67. The survey was focused on 　　　　.

A. the living conditions of older physicians in the U. S.

B. the career plans of older physicians in the U. S.

C. the retirement plans of older physicians in the U. S.

D. the achievements of older physicians in the U.S.

66. Which is NOT true of physicians in the 50-to-65 age group in the U. S.?

A. They are mostly baby boomers.

B. They have nothing to complain about.

C. Many of them plan to gradually stop their practice.

D. They account for over one-third of all physicians in the country.

65. What is the practical value of Cerling’s research?

A. It helps analyze the quality of water in different regions.

B. It helps the police determine where a crime is committed.

C. It helps the police narrow down possibilities in detective work.

D. It helps identify the drinking habits of the person under investigation.

C

Many Older Doctors Plan to Give up Their Practice

The results of a new survey indicate that 48 percent of physicians between 50 and 65 years of age are planning to reduce or end their clinical practice in the next l to 3 years. The findings also suggest that many older physicians believe that their younger counterparts do not have the work ethic they do.

The survey, which was conducted by Merritt Hawkins＆Associates, a Texas-based physician search and consulting firm, suggests that many older physicians are simply unhappy with the changes that have taken place in medicine over the years.

"When Baby Boom doctors entered medicine, they had control over how they practiced and the fee they charged. But the rules changed on them in mid-stream and now many are looking for a ticket out," Mark Smith, executive vice president of Merritt Hawkins＆Associates, said in a statement. 　"Our study is the only one I am aware of that examines the career plans of physicians in the 50-to-65 age group." This age group represents more than one-third of all physicians in the U. S. If they stop working in the coming years, it will have a "significant impact" on the overall supply of physicians, Smith told Reuters Health.

The results of the survey, which included 1,170 respondents(调查对象), show that 24 percent of older physicians are planning to leave clinical practice all together in the next 1 to 3 years. Specifically, 14 percent said they were planning on retiring, 7 percent said they were looking for a medical job in a non-patient care setting, and 3 percent said they were seeking a job in a non-medical field.

For those physicians not leaving clinical practice, many said they would make changes to reduce the number of patients they treat. For instance, 12 percent said they would begin working part-time, 8 percent said they planned to stop taking new patients or markedly reduce their patient load, and 4 percent expressed a desire to work on a temporary basis.

When asked about the work ethic of physicians entering practice today, 68 percent of the respondents said that these younger doctors are not as dedicated or as hard working as physicians who entered practice 20 t0 30 years ago. Fifty-seven percent of older physicians said they would not recommend medicine as a career to their own children. Similarly, 44 percent said they would not select medicine as a career if they were starting out today. 　

"The most ominous(不祥的)finding is that about one half of physicians surveyed plant to either abandon patient care in the next 1 to 3 years, or significantly reduce the number of patients they see," Smith said. "The U. S. already is facing a widespread shortage of physicians. Should older, ‘workhorse' physicians choose to give up patient care, access to medical services will be further restricted."

64. Cerling’s team produced 　　　　　　in their research?

A. a map showing the regional differences of tap water

B. a collection of hair samples from various barber shops

C. a method to measure the amount of water in human hair

D. a chart illustrating the movement of the rain system