3、考虑有机物分子中的原子共平面、共直线问题，应以甲烷、乙烯、乙炔、苯等分子为主体，在此基础上考虑连接、旋转等问题(此问题在“分子的空间构型”专题中细述)。

专项训练(A卷)

2、能和NaHCO₃反应的物质(一般含羧基)，一定能和Na 、 NaOH反应；能和NaOH反应的物质(一般有含羧基的物质、含酚羟基的物质)，一定能和Na反应；含羧基、酚羟基、醇羟基的有机物都能和Na反应。Br₂参与的反应一般包含加成和取代，通常条件下能与Br₂发生取代反应的一般含有酚羟基。能发生加成反应的物质一般含有碳碳双键或三键或苯环或醛基。能发生酯化反应的物质一般含有羧基或醇羟基。含碳碳双键或碳碳三键或含醇羟基或含酚羟基或含醛基的物质易发生氧化反应等。

1、注意键线式中每个碳原子(每个碳原子形成4个价键)上含有的氢原子个数；

5、该有机物按指定要求的同分异构体有几种，等等。

4、该有机物的空间构型或最多有几个原子处在同一平面上。

3、该有机物可能发生哪些反应。

2、1mol所给物质在与Na 、 NaOH 、 NaHCO₃、Br₂、H₂等分别反应时，最多消耗Na　 NaOH　 NaHCO₃、Br₂、H₂的物质的量为多少。

1、有机物的分子组成(如组成元素、化学式等)；

　　 Dear Mr. and Mrs. Black,

It’s really my fortune to spend my coming summer vacation with you. It’s my first time to go to America. I have a lot of things to prepare, Now I’m writing to ask several questions about my travel.

　Firstly, I want to learn about the climate of San Francisco, because I’m not sure what kind of clothes I should wear there. Is the climate there the same as that in Beijing/ Secondly, I want to know whether I ought to take cash or a credit card with me. And, is it necessary to change RMB into US dollars at home? Besides, I’ll arrive at the San Francisco Airport at 3:00 p.m. on August 10^th by plane. I think we’ll have a good time.

　I’m looking forward to your reply!

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Yours truly,

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Ma Ling

Many years ago, I was travelling in the northwest of Indian. One evening, after hunting in the

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　India

forest all day, I was returning alone to the place which I had put up my tent. It was growing dark

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 where

but I was walking along a narrow path. On my right was a wide river, and on my left,^ thick dark

and 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　a

forest. Suddenly, I saw two eyes looking at me from among the trees. A tiger was about to jump

on me. What should I do? Should I jump into the river and hoped to save my life by swimming?

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 hope

I looked to the right. In the river there was a huge crocodile waited to welcome me with its

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 waiting

mouth widely open. I was so frightened that I closed my eyes. When I opened it, what do you

　　　 wide　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 them

think was happened? The tiger had jumped right over me and was now in the mouth of the

　　 had或删掉

crocodile. Believe ^or not!

　　　　　　　 it