4. 祈使句 + and + 陈述句结构

　 在这种句子结构中，祈使句表示条件，陈述句表示结

　 果，它相当于If you..., you will...，另外，祈使句 +

　 or + 陈述句结构表示：If (not)..., you will，有时候，

　 祈使句中的动词可省略。

　 Work harder, and you'll find it not difficult to learn.

　　 再用功一点，你就会发现它不难写。

　　 Hurry up, or you will be late.

　 　快一点，否则你会迟到。

　　 More effort, and you can finish it in time.

再加把劲，你会按时完成它。

[句型归纳]

[考点1]Pierre and I did have a very good time at the

ball. 皮埃尔与我确实在舞会上玩得很开心。

该句中的did为助动词，加强谓语动词have的语气。

在“助动词do / does / did + 动词原形”结构中，助动词

do / does / did意思是“确实，的确，一定”。常常用在

肯定句或祈使句中，起加强语气的作用。有人称和时

态的变化。例如：

Do send me e-mail immediately you arrive at Beijing. 你

一到北京，一定要给我发电子邮件。

He does smoke two packs of cigarettes every day. 他确

实每天抽两包烟。

The company earned much more this month than it did

last month. 公司本月赚的钱要比上个月多得多。

[考例1](NMET 2000) An awful accident____,

however, occur the other day.

　　 A. does　　 B. did

　　 C. was to　　 D. had to

[考查目标] 对句子中谓语的强调。

[答案与解析] B　 助动词do (does用于第三人称) 用于

对现在时态的强调；did用于对过去时态的强调，后面

均接动词原形。

[考点2]In the eighteenth century, Benjamin Franklin

conducted a number of experiments in which he showed

what electricity is. 18世纪。本杰明·富兰克林做了一系

列的试验，以证明电是什么。

注意：该句子中的 a number of 作主语，谓语动词用复数

形式。例如：

A number of children play video games online. 很多的

孩子在网上玩电子游戏。

a number of意思是“许多，数目”，作主语时，谓语动词

用复数形式。the number of意思是“数量”，作主语时，

谓语动词用单数形式。例如：

A number of people prefer to sending e-mail each other

t0 writing letters. 许多人更愿意发电子邮件，而不愿意

写信。

The number of milu deer is increasing year by year. 麋

鹿的数目在逐年增加。

[考例2](NMET 1996) The number of people invited

____ fifty，but a number of them ____ absent

fnr different reasons.

　　 A. were; was　　 B. was; was

　　 C. was; were　　 D. were; were

[考查目标] 主谓一致。

[答案与解析] C　 根据以上的解释，应该选was；were。

[考点3]Having realized that I could use a kite to attract

Iightning, I decided to do an experiment. 意识到可以用

风筝引来闪电之后，我便决定做个实验。

该句中的having realized是v-ing形式的完成式在句中

作状语。

v-ing形式在句中的主要作用是作状语，having done表

示非谓语动词的动作先于渭语动词的动作，而且要注

意非谓语与句子主语之间存在着主动关系时，用hav-

ing done；非谓语与句子主语之间存在着被动关系时，

用having been done；其否定形式是在v-ing前加not。

例如：

Having finished his homework, the boy decided to play

football for a while. 做完了作业．他决定去踢一会儿

球。

Not having cleaned the classroom, they couldn't go

home. 还没有打扫完教室，他们还不能回家。

Having been praised in class, the girl felt very happy.

那个姑娘在班上得到表扬，感到很高兴。

[考例3](2001上海春招) ____ from heart trouble

for years, Professor White has to take some medicine

with him wherever he goes.

　　 A. Suffered　　 B. Suffering

　　 C. Having suffered　　 D. Being suffered

[考查目标]非谓语动词v-ing。

[答案与解析]C　 v-ing形式的逻辑主语是Professor

White，Professor White和suffer之间存在着主动关

系，而且根据，for years，表示 suffer 的动作持续换了

多少年，所以用v-ing完成式表示原因。

[牛刀小试3]

3. be (was / were) to do

　 此结构表示安排、命令、职责、义务、目的、用途、可能

　 性、命中注定等。

　 You are to be baek bv 11 o'clock.

　 你得在11点钟前回来。(命令)

　 I am to inform you that the meeting will be held in

　 Hangzhou.

　 我谨通知你会议在杭州举行。(职责)

　 A knife is to cut with.

　 刀是用来切割的。(用途)

　 They were never to meet again.

　 他们注定以后永远不会见面。(命中注定)

　 If there is to be peace, we must try in every way to

　 prevent war.

　 要和平，就得想一切办法制止战争。(可能性)

2. 助动词 do 强调谓语动词的用法

　 在肯定句中，助动词do可用来强调谓语动词，带有

　 感情色彩，可译成“真的，的确”。

　 You do look nice today.

　 你今天看起来真漂亮。

　 We did need help those days.

　 在那些日子里我们的确需要帮助。

1. 英语句型中的否定前移

　 在英语中，如果主句的动词是think, suppose,

　 expect, believe, imagine 之类的动词，而且主语又是

　 第一人称，宾语从句要表达否定，其否定形式应迁移

　 到主句。但是，如果构成反意疑问句时，要把否定形

　 式再迁移到从句中去，以从句为准。

　 I don't think you're right.

　 我认为你不对。

　 I don't suppose I shall be back until 9 o'clock.

　 我想几点以前我回不来。

　 I don't think your answer is right, is it?

　 我认为你的回答不对，是不是?

5. 病人在医院住了好长一段时间，人们建议他去海边

　 恢复健康。　　 ．

　 After staying in hospital for long, the patient was

　 ____ to go to the seaside to ____ ____　 his health．

☆句型诠释☆

4. 这裤子花了30美元，比预料的要贵得多。

These trousers ____ $30 ____ ____,

which was much more expensive than ____.

3. 这家出版社出版了一套新的英语学习读物。

　 The publishing house has published ____ ____ ____ ____English learning materials.

2. 不要什么事情都一块儿干，要一次做一点儿。

Don't try to do everything ____; take

　it a bit ____.

1. 她费尽力气想看懂那些说明文字，却全然不知所云。

　 She tries to understand the instructions，but she was ____ ____ ____.

17. pick out 挑出；辨别出；使显眼

　 I can pick out my sister in the crowd.

　 我能在人群中认出我妹妹。

　 The houses in the painting were picked out in white.

　 画中的房子在白色衬托下愈发突出。

　 [注意]与pick搭配的词组有：pick up 拿起，拾起，恢

　 复；pick over 检查

[考点1]含“介词at + (冠词) + 名词短语”

① at the head of 在……最前头

② at midnight 在半夜

③ at present 现在，目前

④ at once 立刻，马上

⑤ at breakfast 早餐时

⑥ at first 起先，首先

⑦ at school 在学校，在上学

⑧ at home 在家

⑨ at night 在晚上

⑩ at the moment 此刻

⑩ at the end of 在……结尾．到……尽头

⑩ at the same time 同时

⑩ at times 有时，偶尔

⑩ at all 一点也不

⑩ at last 最后，起码

⑩ at sea 在海上，茫然．奠名其妙

⑥ at the age of 在……岁数时

⑩ at the beginning of... 起初，开始

⑩ at (the) most 至多

④ at a time 每次

① at one time 过去有段时间，曾经

◎ at work 在工作

④ at a loss 茫然

⑨ at hospital 住院

④ at (the) least 至少

[例句] A policeman drove at the head of the procession.

一名警察在游行的队伍前开着车。

At first he was a little shy in class, but now he acts

more naturally. 起初在班里他有点害羞．但是现在自然

多了。

If you find anything not to your liking you will tell me

at once? 如果你发现你不喜欢的东西，马上告诉我好吗?

At one time 1 used to play a lot of sport, but I seem to

have lost interest now. 我曾经喜爱运动，但是现在好像

失去了兴趣。

I feel a little nervous at times. 有时我的确感到有些紧

张。

The meal came to an end at last, and Mr. Li rose. 这顿

饭终于吃完了，李先生站了起来。

I don't understand politics: I'm at sea when people talk

about the government. 我不懂政治，当人们谈论政府

时，我就茫然了。

[考例l](NMET 1994) Don't all speak at once!

____ please．

　　 A. Each at one time

　　 B. One by one time

　　 C. One for each time

　　 D. One at a time

[考查目标]此题主要考查time短语的用法。

[答案与解析]D at a time 每次；one at time 每次一

个；“一个接一个”应该用one by one, 不可以在后面加

lime；at one time过去有段时间，曾经。本句话意思是

“不要都同时讲话，一个一个的说!”

[考点2]与“数量”有关的短语

① a few 一些，几个

② a series of 一连串的。一系列

③ a bit (of) 少量的，一点，也不

④ a pairr of 一对，一双

⑤ a bottle of 一瓶

⑥ a glass of 一杯

⑦ a piece of 一件

⑧ a kind of 一种

⑨ a little 一点

⑩ a lot of / lots of 许多

⑥ plenty of 许多，大量的

⑥ a number of 许多

⑩ the number of... …的数量

⑩ a great deal of 许多，大量

⑩ a basin of 一盆

⑩ a bowl of 一碗

⑥ a basket of 一篮

⑩ a bucket of 一桶

⑩ a handful of 一把

⑩ a mouthful of 一口

[例句] A series of rainy days spoiled our vacation. 一连

串的阴雨天破坏了我们的假期。

There lay a pair of glasses on the desk. 在课桌上放着一

副眼镜。

There was plenty of work for girls of her age. 对于她这

个年龄的女孩来说，有很多工作。

A great number of civilians were murdered in the war.

大量的平民在战争中被杀害。

She thought that her friend must have been through a

great deal of trouble. 她想她的朋友肯定经历了许多麻

烦事。

[考例2](NMET 1996) The number of people invited

____ fifty，but a number of them ____ absent

for different reasons．

　　 A. were; was　　 B. was; was

　　 C. was; were　　 D. were; were

[考查目标] 此题主要考查主谓一致。

[答案与解析]C “the number of + 复数名词”作主语

时，谓语动词用单数形式；“a number of + 复数名词”作

主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

[牛刀小试2]

根据所给汉语句子的意思完成英语句子，每空只填一

个词。