4. If only they could find a way to get to the room,

　 behind the wall.

　 要是他们能找到办法到达墙后面的房间，那就好了。

　 if only虽然是从属连词，但它引导的从句却能单独

　 成句，且能表达完整的意思：要是……该多好 --

　 种不能实现或难以实现的愿望。它相当于wish，但

　 语气更强。句后用句号或感叹号皆可。

　 ① 表示已过去了的不能实现的愿望，常含有后悔、惋

　 惜之意。谓语动词应使用had done形式。

　 If only I had taken his advice!

　 要是我听从了他的建议就好了!

　 ② 表达现在不可实现的愿望，谓语动词用一般过去

　 时。

　 If only I could swim!

　 我要是会游泳该多好!

　 ③ 表达将来难以实现的愿望，谓语动词用would /

　 could + 动词原形或一般过去时。

　 If only she would help me!

　 要是她能帮我就好了。

　 [注意] if only 除以上用法外，它还相当于if，引导条

　 件状语从句。

　 ④ If only he gets the job, it will make a great deal of

　 difference.

　 要是他能得到这份工作，情况就大不一样了。

　 [辨析] if only与only if

　 if only 多用于虚拟语气；only if 多用于陈述语气，

　 only 修饰 if，表示惟一的条件。

3. You want t0 find a good song to dance to.

　 你想找一首好歌来伴舞。

　 ① to dance to 是不定式作定语，修饰名词song，并与

　 之形成动宾关系，这时的不定式应为及物性的，若动

　 词不及物，则应加上适当介词。如：

　 New York is a nice place to visit.

纽约是个游览的好地方。

Could you find me a chair to sit on?

能给我找把椅子坐吗?

② dance to中的to表示“伴随，按照”。如

He likes to sing to the piano.

他喜欢钢琴伴唱。

Please add salt to taste.

请按口味加盐。

The map was drawn to scale.

这地图是按比例绘制的。

2. You want to buy a CD for your friend's birthday but

　 you are not sure what to buy.

　 你想为朋友的生日买一张CD，但你拿不准该买什

　 么。

　 be sure 后可接不定式及从句。如：

　 John is sure to pass the exam.

　 约翰一定能通过考试。

　 He is sure that the party will be a success.

　 他确信这次聚会能获得成功。

　 [注意] be sure 后接名词、代词、动名词时需用介词of

　 或about。如：

　 You may be sure of his honesty.

　 你可以确信他是诚实的。

　 I think he lives at No. 23 West st., but I'm not sure

　 about the number.

　 我认为他住在西大街23号，但对这个号码我不能肯

　 定。

　 [比较]be sure to do 与 be sure of doing

　　 John is sure to pass the exam.

　　 说话人确信约翰能通过考试。

　　 John is sure 0f passing the exam.

　　 约翰本人确信自己能通过考试。

　 [提示] be not sure后常用whether / if, what, when,

　 where 等引起从句，有时也用that。如：

　 I'm not sure whether / if he will come to see me.

　 我拿不准他是否会来看我。

　 I was not sure what I ought to do.

　 我拿不准该干什么。

　 [辨析] sure 与 certain

　 certain 一般可与sure换用，但在It is certain that...

　 中不用sure。如：

　 It is certain that our team will win the game.

　 我们队肯定能赢得这场比赛。(不用sure)

3. because of，owing to，due to，on account of，as a (the)

　 result of，thanks to

　 (1) because of，owing to，on account of 意为“因为，由

　 于”，在句中一般作状语，可置于句首或句未。

　 Because of / Owing to / On account of my absence,

　 they had to put off the classmeeting till next week.

　 由于我不在，他们只好将班会推迟到下个星期。

　 The train arrived late because of / owing to / on account

　 of a heavy snow.

　 由于一场大雪火车来迟了。

　 (2) due to 意为“由于”，它引导的短语在句中一般用

　 作表语和定语。但在很多场合，可与 owing to 通用，

　 作状语，这一用法在现今英美语中也很流行，但不如

　 owing to那么严谨罢了。

　 He was injured due to (=owing to) a car accident,

　 他由于一起汽车事故受了伤。

　 His failure is due to the fact that he lacks experience.

　 由于缺乏经验导致了他的失败。

　 (3) as a (the) result of意为“由于……的结果”，一般

　 用作状语。

　 As a result of the war the lives of many people were

　 lost.

　 由于战争的缘故许多人丧了命。

　 (4)thanks to 这一短语介词，含有“幸亏、多亏、亏得、

-- Do you know bow much the room costs?

你知道这房间花费多少吗?

-- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.

知道。／不知道。

-- How much do you think the room costs?

你认为这房间会花多少钱?

-- I think the room costs 300 dollars.

我认为会花300美元。

2. pick，pick up，pick out

　 (1) pick vt. & vi. 采，摘；挑选

　 They showed us how to pick tea leaves.

　 他们教我们怎样采茶叶。

　 The students have to pick three courses from a list of

　　 ten.

　　 学生必须从十门课程中选修三门。

　　 (2) pick up的含义很多，最基本的含义是“拾起”、“拿

　　 起”，除此之外常见的还有“(在无线电里)收听到”，

　　 “(车辆等)中途搭人。中途带货”，“(偶然地，无意

　　 地)获得(收益，知识等)，学会(语言)”等。

　　 Please pick up aIl the pieces of paper.

　　 请把所有的纸片都捡起来。

　　 My radio can pick up VOA very clearly.

　　 我的收音机收听“美国之音”很清楚。

　　 The train stopped to pick up passengers.

　　 火车停下来搭乘客。

　　 He picked up some knowledge of physics.

　　 他偶然获得了一些物理知识。

　　 (3) pick out 意思是“挑出；选出”、“分辨”

　　 We decided to pick out the best players to join in the

　　 game.

　　 我们决定挑出最好的选手来参加比赛。

　　 [注意] 这两个短语中 up 和 out 都是副词，如果宾语

　　 是人称代词，应该放在副词之前。

　　 You dmpped the book on the floor; now you should

　　 pick it up.

　　 你把书扔到地上了，现在你该把它拾起来。

1. contain，include

　 (1) contain: have or hold (sth.) with in itself 包含，容

　 纳；含有，强调内容或含量，可用于表示包括所含之

　 物的全部和部分。

　 This book contains forty interesting pictures.

　 这本书里有四十幅有趣的图画。

　 (2)include: have (sb. / sth.) as part of a whole 包括，

　 包含。用于表示所包含之物中的一部分。

　 The tour included a visit to the Science Museum.

　 旅游项目中包括参观科技博物馆。

5. During the break she began to sing an English song，

　 and we all ____.

　　 A. take part in　　 B. joined

　　 C. joined in　　 D. together

　　 ☆词语比较☆

4. Her parents had had a very anxious moment but

　everythmg ____ all right in the end.

　　 A. turned up　　 B. carried out

　　 C. turned out　　 D. carried away

3. A coldwind beganto blow and he ____ his collar

　 to keep out the cold.

　　 A. turned down　　 B. turned off

　　 C. turned over　　 D. turned up

2. I simply couldn't understand how it ____ that

　 you did so much work within SUCh a short time.

　　 A. came back　　 B. came up

　　 C. came about　　 D. came along