1.结构就是你打算分几段写，每段都写什么？哪段转哪段承哪段起合？心里都要是有谱的。

9、易混淆的词或词组

易混淆的词既包括词意相同或相近的同义词、近义词，也包括外形相似、意义有别的词组。易混淆词或词组的辨析也是高考改错题中不容忽视的部分。

(1)．．．but now I am interesting in football．　　 interested

(2)We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead∧ourselves．　　 of

(3)Now I can't watch television，but a few years ago I was used to watch it every night．　　 was(注：was为需删去的词)

(4)Unfortunately，there are too many people among my family．　　 in

(5)They did not want me to do any work at family；they want me to．．．　　 home

(6)Do they really understand their daughter？What things are in other homes，I wonder．　　 How

(7)Evening came down．　　 down(注：down为需删去的词)

　连词及与并置问题

连词连接的前后两部分是否合乎逻辑；并列连词所连接的前后两部分结构是否等同。这两点是解答与连词及其相关问题的高考英语改错题的关键所在。

(1)It was very kind of them to meet me at the station and drove me to their home．　　 drive

(2)Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit．　　 gives

(3)She was smiling but nodding at me．　　 and

(4)I remembered her words and clam down．　　 calmed

(5)It looks as if my parents treat me as a visitor and a guest．　　 or

(6)The food was expensive and the service was good．　　 But

(7)As we climbed the mountain，we fed monkeys，visiting temples and told stories．　　 visited

怎样的流程？审题--草稿--成文--检查

　第一步，审题。

　拿到题目后，手中拿铅笔，手脑眼嘴并用，开始审题。看题目的要求是什么，要点是什么，特殊要求是什么。譬如你是叫李华，还是随便一个名字？要议论文还是记叙文？对分几段写有无要求？等等。诸如此类的硬性要求信息，都最好用铅笔划下来，以免出错，也许你一开始会记得，可随着时间的流逝，你会不会因紧张而遗忘这些信息呢？还是小心为妙。边看最好边张嘴默读，这样就不会遗漏或忽略任何一个字了。

　第二步，草稿。

　有的同学怕出错，全文都打草稿再誊写，我姑且认为不太可取，毕竟考场时间宝贵，即使我有四十分钟时间写作文也不敢贸然这么做，更何况考场时我们留给作文的时间往往一再被压缩。有的同学不打草稿，我认为更不太可取。一来容易出错，二来边写边想思维不连贯，即使思维连贯也无法审词酌句，展现自己最好的一面，容易后悔。

　草稿怎么打，我的做法是，一打结构，二打关键词，三打句式。

5、固定结构(固定句型、固定短语、固定搭配)

所谓固定结构是指英语中一些不能随意更改的习惯表达。如固定短语中的词不能冗缺，固定搭配要前后一致等。

(1)It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station and drove me to their home．　　 of

(2)I use to play ping －pong a lot in my sparetime，but．．．　　 used

(3)Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another．　　 one

(4)．．．but the others spent a lot∧time arguing and ．．．　　 of

(5)When I was on the stage the next day，I felt so nervous as I shook like a leaf．　　 that

(6)Suddenly，I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd．　　 a(注：a为需删去的词)

(7)Like most of my schoolmates，I have neither brothers nor sisters-in any other words，I am an only child．　　 any(any需为删去的词)

　　 实际就是重复重复再重复！下面的句子实际上就三个字I love you!　

　　 　I am enthusiastic about you. That is to say, I love you.　

　　 　I am wild about you. In other words, I have fallen in love with you.　

　　 　或者上面我们举过的例子：　

　　 　I cannot bear it.　

　　 　可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.因此可以这样说：I cannot bear it. That is to say, I cannot put up with it or I am fed up with it.

　　 　更多短语：　in more difficult language, in simpler words, put it more simply.　

雅思写作常用单词----常用的连接词

常用的连接词:

1)表层次:

first, firstly to begin with further in the first place

second, secondly to start with still furthermore

third, thirdly what is more last last but not least

also and then next besides

and equally important too moreover

besides in addition finally

2)表转折；

by contrast although though yet

at the same time but despite the fact that even so

in contrast nevertheless even though for all that

notwithstanding on the contrary however in spite of

on the other hand otherwise instead still

regardless

3)表因果；

therefore consequently because of for the reason

thus hence due to owing to

so accordingly thanks to on this account

since as on that account in this way

for as a result as a consequence

4)表让步：

still nevertheless concession granted naturally

in spite of all the same of course despite

even so after all

5)表递近：

furthermore moreover likewise what is more besides also not only...but also...

too in addition

6)表举例：

for example for instance for one thing that is

to illustrate as an illustration a case in point

7)表解释：

as a matter of fact frankly speaking in this case namely

in other words英语中18大激励人心的豪情壮语

8)表总结：

in summary in a word thus as has been said

in brief in conclusion altogether in other words

to conclude in fact finally in simpler terms

indeed in short in particular that is

in other words of course on the whole to put it differently

namel

4、赘述

高考英语改错题中的赘述是指在一些固定表达中或从上下文逻辑来看用了多余的词，从而使句子表达不合规范或造成逻辑上的重复。(注：带下划线的词为多余的词，即需删去的词)

(1)Today I visited the Smiths－my first time visit to an American family．　　 time

(2)In fact，they are planning to visit China in next year．　　 in

(3)First，let me tell you something　 more about myself．　 　 more

(4)We practise for three times every week and often watch football match on TV together．　　 　 for

(5)Now I can't watch much television，but a few years ago I was used to watch it every night．　　 much

(6)Whenever I see them I will often think of my English teacher．　　　 often

(7)I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow．　　　 at

　　 　In order to attract more customers, advertisers have adopted every possible simulative factor in making ads, such as sound, light, colours, cartoon films and human performance. For instance, to advertise a certain food, advertisers will ask an actor or actress to sit at a table and devour the seemingly delicious food while they fime him or her.　

　　 更多句型：　

　　 To take…as an example, One example is…, Another exampleis…, for example　

　　 做比较方法：写完一个要点，比较与之相似的；又写完一个要点，再比较与之相反的；　

世界上没有同样的指纹，没有相同的树叶，文章亦同，只有通过比较，你才会发现二者的相同点(through comparison)和不同点(through contrast)。下面是一些短语：　

相似的比较：　

in comparison, likewise, similarly, in the same manner　

相反的比较：　

on the other hand, conversely, whereas, while, instead,

　　 nevertheless, in contrast, on the contrary, compared with 　…,…

走出房间，general的词是：walk out of the room　

但是小偷走出房间应该说：slip out of the room　

小姐走出房间应该说：sail out of the room　

小孩走出房间应该说：dance out of the room　

老人走出房间应该说：stagger out of the room　

所以多用实词，少用虚词，文章将会大放异彩！　

多变句式原则　

加法(串联)　

都希望写下很长的句子，像个老外似的，可就是怕写错，怎么办，最保险的写长句的方法就是这些，可以在任何句子之间加and,但最好是前后的句子又先后关系或者并列关系。比如说：　

I enjoy music and he is fond of playing guitar.　

如果是二者并列的，我们可以用一个超级句式：　

Not only the fur coat is soft, but it is also warm.　

其它的短语可以用：　

besides, furthermore, likewise, moreover　

转折(拐弯抹角)

批评某人缺点的时候，我们总习惯先拐弯抹角说说他的优点，然后转入正题，再说缺点，这种方式虽然阴险了点，可毕竟还比较容易让人接受。所以呢，我们说话的时候，只要在要点之前先来点废话，注意二者之间用个专这次就够了。　

The car was quite old, yet it was in excellent condition.　

The coat was thin, but it was warm.　

更多的短语：　

despite that, still, however, nevertheless, in spite of, despite, notwithstanding　因果(so, so, so)　

昨天在街上我看到了一个女孩，然后我主动搭讪，然后我们去咖啡厅，然后我们认识了，然后我们成为了朋友…可见，讲故事的时候我们总要追求先后顺序，先什么，后什么，所以然后这个词就变得很常见了。其实这个词表示的是先后或因果关系！　

The snow began to fall, so we went home.　

更多短语：　

then, therefore, consequently, accordingly, hence, as a result, for this reason, so that　

失衡句(头重脚轻，或者头轻脚重)　

有些人脑袋大，身体小，或者有些人脑袋小，身体大，虽然我们不希望长成这个样子，可如果真的是这样了，也就必然会吸引别人的注意力。文章中如果出现这样的句子，就更会让考官看到你的句子与众不同。其实就是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句的变形。　

举例：This is what I can do.　

Whether he can go with us or not is not sure.　

同样主语、宾语、表语可以改成如下的复杂成分：　

When to go, Why he goes away…　

5)附加(多此一举)　

如果有了老婆，总会遇到这样的情况，当你再讲某个人的时候，她会插一句说，我昨天见过他；或者说，就是某某某，如果把老婆的话插入到我们的话里面，那就是定语从句和同位语从句或者是插入语。　

The man whom you met yesterday is a friend of mine.　

I don’t enjoy that book you are reading.　

Mr liu, our oral English teacher, is easy-going.　

其实很简单，同位语--要解释的东西删除后不影响整个句子的构成；定语从句-借用之前的关键词并且用其重新组成一个句子插入其中，但是whom or that关键词必须要紧跟在先行词之前。　

6)排比(排山倒海句)　

文学作品中最吸引人的地方莫过于此，如果非要让你的文章更加精彩的话，那么我希望你引用一个个的排比句，一个个得对偶句，一个个的不定式，一个个地词，一个个的短语，如此表达将会使文章有排山倒海之势！　

Whether your tastes are modern or traditional, sophisticated or simple, there is plenty in London for you.　

　Nowadays, energy can be obtained through various sources such as oil, coal, natural gas, solar heat, the wind and ocean tides. 　

　We have got to study hard, to enlarge our scope of knowledge, to realize our potentials and to pay for our life.(气势恢宏)

　要想写出如此气势恢宏的句子非用排比不可！　

挑战极限原则既然十挑战极限，必然是比较难的，但是并非不可攀！　

原理：在学生的文章中，很少发现诸如独立主格的句子，其实也很简单，只要花上5分钟的时间看看就可以领会，它就是分词的一种特殊形式，分词要求主语一致，而独立主格则不然。比如：　

The weather being fine, a large number of people went to climb the Western Hills.　

　Africa is the second largest continent, its size being about three times that of China.如果您可一些出这样的句子，不得高分才怪！　三、文章主体段落的三大杀手锏　

As a creature, I eat; as a man, I read. Although one action is to meet the primary need of my body and the other is to satisfy the intellectual need of mind, they are in a way quite similar.　

如此可见，长短句结合，抑扬顿挫，岂不爽哉？牢记！　

强烈建议：在文章第一段(开头)用一长一短，且先长后短；在文章主体部分，要先用一个短句解释主要意思，然后在阐述几个要点的时候采用先短后长的句群形式，定会让主体部分妙笔生辉！文章结尾一般用一长一短就可以了。　

主题句原则国有其君，家有其主，文章也要有其主。否则会给人造成“群龙无首”之感！相信各位读过一些破烂文学，故意把主体隐藏在文章之内，结果造成我们稀里糊涂！不知所云！所以奉劝各位一定要写一个主题句，放在文章的开头(保险型)或者结尾，让读者一目了然，必会平安无事！　

特别提示：隐藏主体句可是要冒险的！　

To begin with, you must work hard at your lessons and be fully prepared before the exam(主题句). Without sufficient preparation, you can hardly expect to answer allthe questions correctly.　

一二三原则领导讲话总是第一部分、第一点、第二点、第三点、第二部分、第一点…如此罗嗦。可毕竟还是条理清楚。考官们看文章也必然要通过这些关键性的“标签”来判定你的文章是否结构清楚，条理自然。破解方法很简单，只要把下面任何一组的词汇加入到你的几个要点前就清楚了。　

first, second, third, last(不推荐，原因：俗)　

firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally(不推荐，原因：俗)　

the first, the second, the third, the last(不推荐，原因：俗)

in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly(不推荐，原因：俗)　

5)to begin with, then, furthermore, finally(强烈推荐)　

6)to start with, next, in addition, finally(强烈推荐)　

7)first and foremost, besides, last but not least(强烈推荐)　

8)most important of all, moreover, finally　

9)on the one hand, on the other hand(适用于两点的情况)　

10)for one thing, for another thing(适用于两点的情况)　

建议：不仅仅在写作中注意，平时说话的时候也应该条理清楚！　

短语优先原则　

写作时，尤其是在考试时，如果使用短语，有两个好处：其一、用短语会使文章增加亮点，如果老师们看到你的文章太简单，看不到一个自己不认识的短语，必然会看你低一等。相反，如果发现亮点-精彩的短语，那么你的文章定会得高分了。其二、关键时刻思维短路，只有凑字数，怎么办？用短语是一个办法！比如：　

I cannot bear it.　

可以用短语表达：I cannot put up with it.　

I want it.　可以用短语表达：I am looking forward to it.　这样字数明显增加，表达也更准确。　

8.round up 聚拢；征集；搜捕

The guide rounded up the tourists and took them back to the coach.

向导把游客们聚集在一起，又把他们带回到海滨。

The sheepdog rounded up the sheep and drove them through the gate.

牧羊犬把羊群集中到一起，赶进栅门。

7.keep out

　 Danger! Keep out!

　 They closed all windows to keep out the cold.

　 We put a fence round the vegetable garden to keep the chickens out.

Please keep him out of trouble while he is studying here.

Please keep the dog out of the garden.

keep-phrase:

Keep up your courage/spirits.

They can keep up their normal temperature even in very cold weather.

The old man couldn’t keep up with the other people.

Dave was not good at maths and he couldn’t keep up with the rest of the class.

They used to keep watch at the top of the tree during the war.

Keeping a diary is very important to you.

You’d better keep cool when you are in danger.

She couldn’t keep back her tears at the news.

A newspaper can keeps one in touch with the world.

Nothing can keep me from doing so.

6.give birth to/be borne

　 她生了三个孩子。

　 ①She has borne three children.

　 ②She has given birth to three children.