The next time you try for a high-ranking post, you could let your possible boss listen to a recommen——青夏教育精英家教网—

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4.(★★★★★)The next time you try for a high-ranking post, you could let your possible boss listen to a recommending(推荐) phone call “made” by US President George W. Bush or British Prime Minister Tony Blair.

Of course, neither of them could really do that for you-you would just“borrow” their voices.

At & T labs will start selling speech software that it says is so good at reproducing the sounds of a human voice that it can recreate voices and even bring the voices of long-dead famous people back to life.

The software, which turns printed text into speech, makes it possible for a company to use recordings of a person’s voice to say things that the person never actually said.

Possible customers for the software, which is priced in the thousands of dollars, include telephone call centres, companies that make software that reads digital(数字的) files aloud, and makers of automated voice devices(装置). The advances raise several problems. Who, for example, owns the rights to a famous person’s voice?(Some experts even believe that new contracts(合同) will be drawn that include voice-licensing clauses.)

And although scientists say the technology is not yet good enough to commit fraud(假冒), would the synthesized(合成的)voices at last be able to trick people into thinking that they were getting phone calls or digital audio recordings from people they know?

Even Mr Fruchterman, one of AT& T lab’s possible first customers, said he wondered what the new technology might bring. “Just like you can’t trust a photograph anymore.” he said, “you won’t be able to trust a voice either.”

Question 4:According to the passage, you can infer that ________.

A.the software will turn out to be an immediate success in the market

B.the government will forbid the sale of the software in the market

C.it’s hard to decide whether the software will enjoy popularity

D.the software will soon prove to be nothing but rubbish

●案例探究

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3.(★★★★★)The use of the word imitation(模仿)reminds me that we ought to make some more comments on the risk of people imitating what they see on the screen in the way of crime(犯罪)or violence.First there was always a risk of children acting out scenes which could be dangerous.For example,I remember a woman who was head of a middle school telling me that she had happened to look out of her window when the children were in the playground and had seen them putting a small boy on a chair with a rope round his neck and the rope over the branch of a tree;fortunately she was in time to get there before the child was hung.I remember a film in particular in which the hero who was imprisoned had escaped by electrocuting(通电触死)his guard,the technique of doing this being shown in detail.This was the kind of scene which we could cut for these reasons.

In films for young people and adults we always tried to keep off the screen any details of criminal techniques,such as how to open a locked door with a piece of hard plastic or how to open a safe;if we were consulted(请教)before production,I used to advise that the details should not be shown.When I gave talks in prisons about film checking I had full support for this ,since fathers who were in prison for criminal offences did not want their children to get on crime.

Every time I gave a talk in a prison someone used to mention the French film Rififi made by Jules Dassin in 1954.This remarkable film showed in great detail a robbery of a jeweller’s shop,the robbery lasting about half an hour and being backed only by natural sound…one of the most brilliant film sequences(连续镜头)of all time.I remember our discussions at the time.We thought that the robbery was finished only with the use of advanced and obviously expensive equipment and that only the most experienced and skilled criminals could possible imitate it;we believed therefore that it was relatively safe.When talking in prisons some years later I learned that there had been several robberies in which the techniques had been copied,so perhaps we were wrong.

Question 3:It can be inferred from the passage that________.

A.it is hard for the children to tell the differences between real life and the imaginary

B.only the people in prison supported film checking

C.only children imitated what they had seen on the screen

D.the writer used to advise the details of crime should be shown

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2.(★★★★★)The tower of Big Ben London’s most famous building,has always leaned (倾斜) slightly, but construction work on a new line for the London Underground seemed likely to give the tower a real lean. Engineers have had to prop up (支撑) its base to prevent it from damaging the rest of the Houses of Parliament.

To control the tower’s movement, engineers pumped grout (水泥浆) into the soil under the tower. The tower now leans an extra few centimetres, but the lean can only be seen by the most sharp-eyed observer.

Between 1995 and 1997, to lengthen the Jubilee line of the Underground, builders dug a 40-metre-deep hole just 31 metres north of the clock tower. And the new tube (underground) tunnels were even nearer to the tower. John Burland, who recently helped stop the increasing lean in the Leaning Tower of Pisa and was an adviser to the Jubilee line project, believed the work would affect the tower. In his opinion, no further lean should go beyond a safety limit of 27.5 millimetres over the existing lean of 220 millimetres.

To keep the lean within this limit, Burland told the British Association about the new method of pumping grout immediately under the base of the tower. More than 300 tons of grout were pumped in during construction. The tower’s, additional lean went between 10 and 25 millimetres, but never passed 27.5 millimetres.

After the construction work was completed in late 1997, a review of movements in nearby walls showed that the building was in better shape than had been thought before and the safety limit was raised to 35 millimetres before any action needs to be taken.

Since 1997,the tower has continued to lean, Burland told Modern Construction.The latest measurements, taken this year, suggest that the tower’s lean had just reached 35 millimetres. But following regular re-examinations of the tower, experts are sure that the tower has stabilised (稳定). A spokesman for London Underground says: “We understand the tower has stabilised and returned to its normal movement cycle.”

From Modern Construction, 16 September 2000

Question 2:We can infer from the article that________.

A.the tower of Big Ben with damage the Houses of Parliament

B.the Jubilee line should be stopped in Burland’s opinion

C.the writer is blaming Burland for making a mistake

D.the propping up work has proved to be successful

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1.(★★★★★)In July 1994 Jupiter, the largest planet in our solar system, was struck by 21 pieces of comet(彗星). When the fragments(碎片)landed in the southern part of the giant planet, the explosions were watched by scientists here on earth. But what if our own planet was hit by a comet?

The year is 2094. It has been announced that a comet is heading towards the Earth. Most of it will miss our planet, but two fragments will probably hit the southern part of the Earth. The news has caused panic.

On 17 July, a fragment four kilometers wide enters the Earth’s atmosphere with a huge explosion. About half of the fragment is destroyed. But the major part survives and hits the South Atlantic at 200 times the speed of sound. The sea boils and an enormous wave is created and spreads. The wall of water rushes towards southern Africa at 800 kilometres an hour. Cities on the African coast are totally destroyed and millions of people are drowned. The wave moves into the Indian Ocean and heads towards Asia.

Millions of people are already dead in the southern part of the Earth, but the north won’t escape for long. Tons of broken pieces are thrown into the atmosphere by the explosions. As the sun is hidden by clouds of dust, temperatures around the world fall to almost zero. Crops are ruined. Wars break out as countries fight for food. A year later civilization has collapsed. No more than 10 million people have survived.

Could it really happen? In fact, it has already happened more than once in the history of the Earth. The dinosaurs(恐龙)were on the Earth for over 160 million years. Then 65 million years ago they suddenly disappeared. Many scientists believe that the Earth was hit by a space fragment. The dinosaurs couldn’t survive in the cold climate that followed and they became extinct. Will we meet the same end?

Question 1:It can be concluded that the passage is most probably part of a(n) ________.

A.horror story　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.news report

C.research paper 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.article of popular science

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22．(09烟台)小明利用平板玻璃、两段完全相同的蜡烛等器材探究平面镜成像的特点．

(1)选用玻璃板的目的是_________________________。

(2)选取两段完全相同的蜡烛的目的是______________________________________。

答案：(1)便于观察和确定像的位置．

　　 (2)比较像与物的大小关系．

(09江西)在研究平面镜成像特点时，回想我们的实验过程，我们是选用了　　　作为平面镜，这样做的目的是便于确定像的　　　　和比较像与物的大小.

答案：玻璃　　　位置

(09威海)．小强在探究平面镜成像特点实验时，取两段等长的蜡烛A和B一前一后竖放在直尺上，点燃玻璃板前的蜡烛A，观察玻璃板后的像，如图15所示，两段等长的蜡烛是为了比较物与像的　　关系，移去蜡烛B，并在其所在位置上放一光屏，则光屏不能接收到蜡烛A的烛焰的像，这说明平面镜成的像是　　像。

答案：大小　虚

(09宁波)16．如图所示为用玻璃罩罩着的古石碑，由于玻璃反光，石碑上的字很难看清。小科认为：①用玻璃罩能有效防止酸雨对石碑的侵蚀；②石碑上的字发生了镜面反射；③罩外的树木通过玻璃表面反射成了虚像；④若罩外的光线再强一点，石碑上的字看起来一定会更清晰；⑤若罩内能给石碑一定的照　　明，石碑上的字看起来会更清晰。其中合理的是

A．①③⑤　　　　B．②④⑤

C．①②③④　　　D．①③④⑤

答案：A

(09山东临沂).如图所示，对下列光学现象的描述或解释错误的是(　　 )

(a)　　　 (b)　　　 (c)　　　　 (d)

A.图(a)中漫反射的光线尽管杂乱无章，但每条光线仍然遵循光的反射定律

B.图(b)中木工师傅观察木板是否平整，是利用了光的直线传播特点

C.图(c)所示炎热夏天公路上的海市蜃楼景象，是由光的反射现象造成的

D.图(d)所示是太阳光经过三棱镜色散后的色光排列情况

答案：C

(09台州)．2009年7月22日(农历六月初一)上午，在我省北部将能观察到日全食。观测日全食不能用肉眼直接对着太阳，如果没有专用的太阳滤镜，可采用如图的两种简便方法：如图甲所示，准备一盆黑墨水置于阳光下，在脸盆中能观察到太阳的像，这是利用

了　　　　　成像原理；如图乙所示，将手指展开，互相垂直叠放，对着阳光，在白纸上也能观察到太阳的像，这利用了光沿　　　　传播的原理。

答案：平面镜　直线

(09河北)．有时，教室黑板反光能“晃”着一些同学的眼睛，其原因是

　　　　　　　　　　　 ;为了保护同学的眼睛，请你根据所学

的知识提出改变这种现状的一条建议：　　　　　　　　　　　　　。

图10中AO是一条与平面镜成60^o的光线，请在图中画出反射光线并

标出反射角度数。

答案：发生镜面反射；用不易反光的材料做黑板等，图略。

[解析]本题易丢分的地方在于作图，一定要严格按照题目要求，切记标出反射角的度数。而镜面与光线夹角不是入射角。

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3.(09济宁) 阳光下，微风吹拂的河面，波光粼粼，这里蕴含着光的　　　　现象。

答案：反射

(09山东临沂).2009年7月22日上午8时左右，将发生本世纪最重要的一次日全食。如果天气晴好，中国是全球最佳观测地。日食现象可以用我们学过的光的_________道理解释。观察日食时要注意保护眼睛，不能用肉眼或通过没有减光设备的望远镜直接观看，否则容易造成视网膜损伤，甚至失明。比较简易的做法是如图所示，用一盆滴有墨水的水来观看，这是利用了____________________。

答案：直线传播　光的反射(平面镜成像原理)

(09贵阳)．如图所示，许多建筑采用玻璃进行外墙装璜，这在美化城市的同时却造成了光污染，造成这种污染的主要原因是由于阳光在玻璃表面发生

了　　　反射。

答案：镜面

(09重庆)如图所示，研究光的反射时，测得入射光线与镜面的夹角为40º，则反射角是　　　　　度。

答案：作图略　 50

(09成都)如图所示，一细光束射到平面镜MM'的O点处，请根据光的反射规律画出它的反射光线，标明反射角大小。

(09四川自贡)如图所示，两面平面镜互相垂直，一束光线斜射到平面镜上，请在图乙中完成光路图。

答案：

(09四川绵阳)21.右图是探究“光反射时的规律”的实验装置图。把平面镜放在水平桌面上，再把一张可以沿ON向前或向后折的纸板竖直地立在平　面镜上，纸板上的ON垂直于镜面。一束红光贴着纸板沿EO射到f)点，光将沿OF方向射出，如果把纸板ON的右半边向后折，反射光线将_　　__(选填“存在”或“不存在”)；如果一束蓝光沿原FO方向射到0点，它反射后沿_　　 ___方向射出。