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2. (05年江苏高考题)某溶液既能溶解Al(OH)3,又能溶解H2SiO3,在该溶液中可以大量共存的离子组是:                                                (    )

   A.K+、Na+、HCO3-、NO3-     B.Na+、SO42-、Cl-、ClO-

   C.H+、Mg2+、SO42-、NO3-    D.Ag+、K+、NO3-、Na+

 

思维方法:                                          

展望高考:

【巩固练习】

课堂反馈

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   1.(上海市高考题)等物质的量浓度的下列四种溶液中,NH4+的浓度最大的是(    )

    A.NH4Cl        B.NH4HCO3      C.NH4HSO4      D.NH4NO3

思维方法:                                          

展望高考:

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[例1]把0.02mol/LHAc溶液和0.01mol/LNaOH溶液等体积混合,则混合溶液中微粒浓度关系正确的是
      A.c(Ac-)>c(Na+)           B.c(HAc)>c(Ac-)
      C.2c(H+)=c(Ac-)-c(HAc)   D.c(HAc)+ c(Ac-)=0.01mol/L 

解题思路:                                          

易错点:                                             

[例2] 在pH=1的无色透明溶液中,不能大量共存的离子组是:

   A.Al3、Ag、NO3、Cl      B.Mg2、NH4、NO3、Cl

   C.Ba2、K、S2、Cl       D.Zn2、Na、NO3、SO42

解题思路:                                          

易错点:                                             

【考题再现】   

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(3)不能与HCO3-共存的离子有                                   

(4)不能与Al3+共存的离子有                                       

(5)不能与AlO2-共存的离子有                                      

(6)不能与Fe3+共存的离子有                                       

(7)不能与Fe2+共存的离子有                                      

(8)不能与ClO-共存的离子有                                     

(1)判断溶液的酸碱性:                                          

(2)判断不同弱电解质的相对强弱:                                

(3)       比较溶液中离子浓度:

①同一溶液中不同离子浓度:                                      

②不同溶液中相同离子浓度:                                      

(4)解释某些化学现象及在生产生活中的应用:                      

                                                                 

.【例题解析】

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5.离子共存问题的分析:

(1)不能与H+共存的离子有                                        

(2)不能与OH-共存的离子有                                       

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4.离子浓度的比较:(分别以H2S、NaHS、Na2S为例)

(1)       离子浓度的大小比较:H2S                                

NaHS                         、Na2S                          

(2)       离子浓度的守恒关系:物料守恒                            

                                                              

电荷守恒:                                                   

                                      

质子守恒:                                                   

                                            

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3.影响盐类水解的因素:

(1)主要因素:                                              

(2)温度:                                                  

(3)浓度:                                                   

(4)外加酸碱:                                               

(5)其它因素:                                                 

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2.水解类型:

(1) 强酸弱碱盐:                                              。

(2)强碱弱酸盐:                                              

(3)弱酸弱碱盐:                                             

(4)能进行到底的水解反应条件:                                

     举例:                                                    

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1.盐类的水解:

(1)概念:                                                    

(2)实质:                                                     

(3)条件:                                                   

(4)规律:①                    、②                        

                      、④                      

(5)特征:                                                    

(6)水解反应方程式(离子方程式)的书写:                     

                                                              

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                          教与学方案                                        笔记与反思   

【自学反馈】

一、概念辨析

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