误区之一：混淆that 与what的用法

1. That they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food supply in the world.　 ( 误　　　　 )

　　 What they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food supply in the world.　 (　　 正　　 )

解析：that在引导名词性从句时本身没有意义，也不在句子中充当句子成分；what则表示“什么”或“……的东西或事情”，在从句中可以充当主语、宾语或表语等。本句中的what充当discuss的宾语。

误区二：混淆that与why的用法

1：That she wants to know is which dress she should buy.

2: He will give up his job surprises all of us.

3:No matter who breaks the law will be punished.

4:If the meeting will be held in our school is not known yet.

5: That worried her a bit that he couldn’t get in touch with her friend.

6: He is said he has gone to America.

表语从句典型错误：

1：The reason why I was late was because I missed the train.

2: -----I rang you at about ten, but there is no reply.

---------Oh, that was probably why I was seeing the doctor.

3: The difficult we now meet with is if we can persuade him to tell the truth.

1：表命令建议 的名词后的表语从句。

在order,(命令)，suggestion, advice(建议)等的名词后的表语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟语气，即：”should+动词原形“，should 常可省。

如：His suggestion is that we (should) hold another meeting to discuss the problem.

2.that.whether的区别: that 用于表示肯定的意义，而whether表疑问。

I don’t doubt that he will win. (I’m sure)

It doesn’t matter It makes no difference It is uncertain It is not made clear It is still a question It is not decided 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　whether It is to be found out It is to be decided I doubt/wonder/ have no idea/don’t know

3:名词性从句皆用陈述语序。

I wonder how much this pair of shoes costs.

I want to know where you had put my pen.

时态 :(与间接引语基本一致)

　　　 如果主句是现在时，从句时态可以不变，但如果主句是过去的时态，那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态。当从句是客观真理,定义、公理、定理时用一般现在时。

　 宾： I know he lives here.

　　　　　 He asked whether his father would come back.

　　　　　 The teacher said that the earth travels around the sun.

　　 表：That is what I was worried about two days ago.

　　　　　 It looked as if it was going to rain.

4:that 的省略

that引导名词性从句时只起连接从句的作用,本身没有任何意义,因此在从句中不充当任何句子成分,它的使用须注意以下几点:

①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如：

That they are good at English is known to us all.

The problem is that we don’t have enough money.

She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day.

②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：(A)当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；(B)当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；(C)当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：

He judged that, because he was a child, he did not understand wine.

　 Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried.

The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.

D.当主语为the reason时,注意应用that 引导其表语从句,不能受汉语影响而误用because。例如: 　The reason why he was late was that he missed the early bus. 他迟到的原因是他没赶上早班车.(此句中的that不可用because代替)

③that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。

(A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… (B)It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...(C)It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that … (D)It seems/happens that。如：

It happened that I went out last night.

It is said that China will win in the World Cup.

that引导主语从句位于句首时不可省略.如果it作形式主语,而that从句置于句末, 这时that可以省略。例如: 　That he has lost his work is not true. 他丢了工作不是真的。

=It is not true (that) he has lost his work.

5: who, whoever, whom和whomever 　在引导名词性从句时,在句中作主语时用who,意思是"谁",含有疑问意味,whoever是它的强语势"无论谁",不含有疑问意味。表示…..的人，相当于the person who,或anyone who

Whoever breaks the law will be punished.　　　　　　

　注意区别：①疑问词 + ever可引导名词性从句，在主从句中要充当一定的部分。如：

Whoever breaks the rule must be punished.

You can choose whatever you like in the shop.

②疑问词 + ever还可引导让步状语从句。如：Whatever you do, you must do it well.

( = No matter what you do, you must do it well.)

Whoever breaks the rule, he must be punished,

(=No matter who breaks the law, he will be punished.)(让步状语，意为无论谁)

③ no matter + 疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。

作宾语时用whom, 其相应强语势为whomever。判别时要根据句意以及在句中的语法功能来决定该用哪个引导词。例如: 　Who has taken away my bag is unknown.谁拿走了我的包还不知道。(若用Whoever显然句意不通) 　Whoever wants to see this film can go with us tonight. 无论谁想看这部电影今晚可以和我们一起去.(Whoever wants 相当于Anybody who wants,意为"凡是想……的人"。这里不可换为Who。) 　Have you decided whom you are to nominate as your candidate? 你们是否已经决定提名谁作候选人了? 　You can give the ticket to whomever you like. 你可以把票给任何你想给的人。

6：because引导的表语从句

Because 可以引导表语从句，但通常只用于”This/That/It i/was because…”结构中

注意：在表语从句中,当reason做主语时,引导词只能用that,不能用because, 即the reason is that the reason (why…) is that如:

The reason was that he didn’t catch the early bus. 原因是因为他没有赶上早班车。

The reason why he is absent from work is that he is seriously ill.

7:　 注意what/ that/ which引导词与定语从句的引导词的区别

what与which引导名词性从句时都在从句中充当句子的某一成份,如主语、表语、宾语或定语。

what 表示泛指的事物,常译为"什么"或"所……的事物",

what=all that, everything that在从句中作主，宾，表语。

I don’t believe what he said.(＝I don’t believe all that he said.)

whatever是它的强语势"无论什么";　 不能引导定语从句。

E.g: I believe what (whatever) he says. 我相信他说的(不管他说什么我都相信)。

that在所有的名词性从句中都不作任何成分。

That he is to take charge of our factory is already an open secret.

which表示特定事物中的"哪一个(些)",一般情况下在从句中充当定语,后接名词,在一定的语境中,它所修饰的名词可以省略,whichever是它的强语势"无论哪一个(些)"。　 在名词性从句中加上名词做主语\宾语　　 eg: I don’t know which answer is right.

•I will give her which (whichever) book she likes on the shelf. 这个书架上的(任何一本)书,只要她喜欢,我都会给她。

　 在定语从句中，单独做主语\宾语　　 eg: I see a film which was popular in the past.　　

that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；eg: I knew that I was wrong.　　 在定语从句中 作宾语\主语　　　 eg: I get the very news that is important to me.

　21.请以“考场”为题写一篇作文，文体不限，不少于800字。

20.读微型小说《同意》，补出小说结尾。(4分)

要求：①补写一句话；②含蓄简炼；③不超过20个字。

秘书送进一份文件。

王厂长象往常一样拿起笔，轻松熟练地在上面写下“同意”二字。突然，他睁大了眼睛，笔从他无力的手中滑到了办公桌上。

翌日，　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　。

19.从下面三组人物中任选一组，说说你更喜欢哪一个，简述理由。(不少于60字)(6分)

(1)林黛玉和薛宝钗。

(2)姚明和刘德华。

(3)成龙和袁隆平

11、补写下列各句中的空缺部分。(任选3题，多选按前3题计分)(6分)

(1) 　　　　　　　，与山间之明月，　　　　　　　 　，目遇之而成色。(苏轼《赤壁赋》)

(2)醉里挑灯看剑，梦回吹角连营。　　　　　　 ， 　　　　　　　　。(辛弃疾《破阵子》

(3)____________，凝绝不通声渐歇。____________，此时无声胜有声。(白居易《琵琶行》)

(4)万里悲秋常作客,百年多病独登台。___________ _，　　　　　　　 　 。(杜甫《登高》)