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1. infect

  1) 使某人/某物传染,感染

  - sb. / sth. (with sth.);cause sb. / sth. to have a

  disease

  The laboratory animals had been infected with the

  bacteria.

  试验室里的动物都受到这种细菌的感染。

  Police have sealed off infected areas of the country.

  警方已将全国各感染区封锁了。

  One of the boys in the class had a fever and he soon

  infected other children.

  班上的一个孩子发烧了,不久他就传染上了其他孩

  子。

  2) 使受影响,使受感染

  fill (sb.'s mind or spirit) with happy and positive ideas

  or feelings

  Her cheerful spirits and bubbling laughter infected the

  whole class.

  她那快乐的情绪和爽朗的笑声感染了全班。

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2. false a. 假的,错的,不实的

  The report is false. 这份报告不真实。

  He is false of heart. 他不忠实。

  常见结构 be false to 意为“违背,不忠,欺骗”。

  He is false to his country. 他背叛祖国。

 She is a girl false to her promise / word.

  她是一个不守诺言的女孩子。

[考点8]free 的用法

▲ 构词:

① freedom n. [U]自由

② freely adv. 自由地

▲ 搭配:

① for free 免费(作表语、状语)

② set...free 释放……;使……自由

③ free of charge 免费(作表语、状语)

④ be free from 免于……;不受……;无……的;免去

  ……的

⑤ have a free talk(with sb)(about sth) 和(某人)就某

  事进行自由交谈

⑥ enjoy free medical care 享受公费医疗

⑦ enjoy freedom of speech 享受言论自由

⑧ fight for freedom 为自由而战

▲句型:

① sb be free = sb have free time 有空

② sb be / feel free to do sth 随便干……,随心所欲地干

  ……。无拘无束地干……

③ free + sb / sth 使……自由

▲ 友情提示:“免费”的其他表示法:

① for nothing (作状语);without payment (作状语);

  free(作表语、定语)

② at one's own expense / charge 自费(作状语)

③ at public expense 公费

④ (enjoy)public health services = (enjoy) free medical

  service / care (享受)公费医疗

[考例8]The prisoner was ____.

   A. set freely   B. enjoyed free

   C. get freedom   D. set free

[考查目标]考查free,freely,freedom等词的运用。

[答案与解析]D set sb free为一个固定短语,表示“释

放某人”。

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5. discourage

  使泄气;使失去信心、希望或精神(做某事)

  1) - sb. (from doing sth.)

  阻拦某人不要做某事

  His parents discouraged him from joining the air force.

  他的父母劝他不要参加空军。

  2) try to stop (sth.)

  试图阻止;阻拦;劝阻

  The school teachers discourage smoking.

  学校老师不赞成吸烟。

  3) be discouraged, get discouraged / discouraged adj.

  If you meet with any difficulty in your study, don't be

  discouraged.

  如果你学习中遇到什么困难,不要灰心。

  discouraging adj.

  a discouraging result, reply 使人泄气的结果、回答

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8. cheer vt. & vi. 使高兴,使振奋,喝彩

  The good news cheers them all.

  这个好消息使我们大家很高兴。

  The fans cheer (for) their football team.

  球迷为他们的足球队加油助威。

  主要搭配:

  (1) cheer up (使愉快,使高兴)

  作及物或不及物用法:

  Cheer up! My little man. 别灰心,老弟!

  She told a joke, trying to cheer me up.

  她讲了个笑话来让我开心。

  (2) cheer on (鼓励,鼓劲)

  We all cheered the runners on as they rushed to the

  tape.

  当运动员冲刺时,我们都为他们鼓劲。

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17. breathe, breath

   (1) breathe 是动词,呵及物也可不及物。

   breathe hard 费力地呼吸

   breathe into one's mouth

   向某人嘴里吹气

   breathe dust / fresh air

   吸进灰尘/呼吸新鲜空气

   start one's breathing

   让某人呼吸起来

   (2) breath 是名词。

   take a deep breath 深吸一口气

   take breath 喘口气;休息一下

  hold one's breath 屏住气

  lose one's breath 喘不过气来

  out of breath 上气不接下气,气喘吁吁

  [注意] out of sight 看不见;out of order 出故障;out of

  question 没问题;out of control 失去控制;out of

 danger 脱离危险;out of work 失业。

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7. available a. 可用的,可达到的,有效的

  The books are readily available for reference.

  这些书随时可供参考。

  Is Mr. Smith available for the opening of the school?

  史密斯先生能参加学校的开学仪式吗?

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10. Don't try to get up.

☆词汇短语☆

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9. I ought to go home.

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8. You should / shouldn't...

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7. We must carry her to the side of the road.

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