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15. reduce vt. & vi 减少,缩减,减化

reduce prices 降低价格

reduce air pollution 减少空气污染

reduce one's weight 减肥

reduce noise 减少噪音

[注意]reduce 作不及物动词时,仅作“减肥”讲。I must reduce to get into that dress. 我必须减肥才能穿上那条裙子。

[拓展]reduce...to 使……陷入不良状况;把……归纳成;把……降职为(to为介词) He was reduced to begging for food. 他沦落到讨饭的地步。

[短语]     order 使……恢复秩序;整理

reduce...to   silence使安静,使沉默下来

tears 使哭了起来

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14. press vt. & vi. 按,压,夹 n. 压力,印刷机,新闻界  Press this button to start the engine. 按下这个按钮启动发动机。/ My shoes presses my toe. 我的鞋挤脚趾。/ The power of the press is very great. 舆论的力量是巨大的。

[拓展] pressure n. 劳累,紧张;pressing adj. 紧迫的,恳切的

[短语] be pressed for time / money 缺时间/钱;press on 加紧赶路,奋力前进;in the press 正在印刷

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13. measure 的用法

▲ 搭配:

① make sth to sb's measure 按某人的尺寸制作某物

② take measures 采取措施  ③ beyond / above measure 无法估量地;无限的,极度地,非常,极为

[考例][2004天津] I realized strength and courage aren't always ____ in medals and victories, but in the struggle we overcome.

A. measured   B. praised  C. tested   D. increased

[考查目标] 本题考查measure的意思。

[答案与解析]A  measure的基本词义是“衡量,量”。

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12. lie的用法

▲构词:liar n. 说谎者

▲搭配:

① lie down 躺下;磨洋工;停止战斗

② lie in 在于;位于

③ tell a lie = tell lies 撒谎

[考例][2002北京] I would ____ very still so that the "enemy" would not discover me.

A. lay   B. hide   C. rest   D. lie

[考查目标]本题考查lie,lay等几个相近词的区别。

[答案与解析]D  lie是动词原形,意思是“躺”或“撒谎”。在本句中是“躺”的意思。

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11. hurry 的用法

▲ 构词:

① hurried adj. 匆忙的

② hurriedly adv. 仓促地.慌忙地

▲ 搭配:

① in a hurry 匆忙地

② in no hurry 不忙,有充分的时间;不急于

③ no hurry 不忙.不必着急,有充裕的时间

④ hurry up 快点,赶紧做;催促(快点)

▲ 辨析:hurry; haste; speed 均含“动作上的快速”的意思。

hurry 指“动作不轻松、不自然的快,有时表示不必要的快”,并且常有“忙乱仓促”的意思。例如:In her hurry she forgot to leave her address. 在匆忙中,她忘了留下地址。

haste 着重“想办法赶快”的意思,并常表示“匆忙的动作。有时动作过分仓促而不能得到预期的结果”。例如:All his haste was of no use. 他白忙了。/ Haste makes waste. 欲速则不达。

speed 指“人(物)快捷(速)的动作”。例如:It is dangerous to corner at speed. 高速转弯是危险的。

[考例][2004湖南] When l there ____ I apologized for being late, and told him I'd come as quickly as I could,...

A. went   B. ran   C. walked   D. hurried

[考查目标] 考查几个与“走”有关的近义词的区别。

[答案与解析]D  从上下文看,当时,是”匆忙”的。

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10. force n. [U][C]力量,势力,暴力 vt. 强迫,促使,强制 He didn't use much force. 他没怎么用力。/ They refused to bow before force. 他们拒绝向暴力低头。/ They have come to know the forces of nature. 他们终于知道了大自然的力量。

[注意]the forces 可表示“军队,兵力”。

[拓展]

force sb. to do sth.;force sb. into doing sth.;force sb. / sth. + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语 I was forced to leave. 我被迫离开。(= into leaving) / The strong man forced himself into the empty room. 那个身体强壮的男子强行进入了那个宅房间。

[短语]

by force 靠武力,强行   be in force 生效

come / go into force 生效  put in / into force 使生效

force one's way 强行前进或进入

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9. devote 的用法

▲ 构词:

① devotion n. 献身;奉献;忠诚;热心,专心

② devoted adj. 忠诚的;挚爱的;喜欢的

③ devotedly adv. 忠实地,一心一意地

▲搭配:

① devote...to 把……献给;把……专用于

② devote oneself to 致力于,献身于;专心于

③ be devoted to 专心于,忠于

▲ 友情提示:各搭配中to均为介词。

[考例][2004全国卷IV] First of all, I respected his ____ to teaching.

A. attention       B. introduction

C. relation        D. devotion

[考查目标] 本题考查 devote 派生词的词义和用法。

[答案与解析]D  devote的名词形式是devotion,也应

该和介词 to 搭配。

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8. devote vt. 投入于;献身

devoted 忠实的;献身……的;专用的

devote one's time / life / energy / oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于……;献身于…… = be devoted to...致力于……;献身于……;忠实于…… After that, he devoted his entire energy to these studies. 从那以后,他全力以赴从事这些研究工作。/ He is very devoted to his wife. 他很忠实于他的妻子。

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7. depend 的用法

▲ 搭配:

① That depends. 要看情况而定。

② It (all) depends. 要看情况而定。

③ depend on / upon 依靠;由……而定.取决于;从属于;依赖其维持

[考例][2004江苏]

-- How long are you staying?  -- I don't know. ____.

A. That's OK   B. Never mind

C. It depends   D. It doesn't matter

[考查目标]考查depend在交际场合的用法。

[答案与解析]C  it depends 意思是“看情况。不能确

定”。

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6. defeat 的用法

▲ 构词:defeatist n. 失败主义者

▲ 搭配:suffer a defeat战败;遭受挫败

▲ 辨析:defeat;beat;conquer 这组动词的一般含义是“打败”。

defeat 的含义是“打败”,但被打败者不一定服输。例如:The public bet a lot of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. 公众为门杜萨下了一大笔赌注,但是他被击败了。

beat则表示彻底“打败”,而且被打败者完全服输了。

例如:It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and become Champion of England. 直到1790年第三次比赛时,他才最后打败汉弗莱斯,而成为英国的冠军。

conquer 更可强调“把对方征服”,而且被征服者或被征服的国家为征服者所有,可以任意支配,特别指“获得

对人、物或感情的控制。例如:Some countries may be defeated but can never be conquered. 有的国家可能被打败,但决不能被征服。

[考例]-- Who ____  the team from No. 2 Middle school? -- I'm not sure. Perhaps the team from the nearby county.

A. defeated   B. won   C. beat   D. gained

[考查目标]本题考查defeat的常见用法。

[答案与解析]A  defeat 意思是“打败”,后面跟的是表示“人”或“组织”的名词或代词。

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