15. reduce vt. & vi 减少,缩减,减化
reduce prices 降低价格
reduce air pollution 减少空气污染
reduce one's weight 减肥
reduce noise 减少噪音
[注意]reduce 作不及物动词时,仅作“减肥”讲。I must reduce to get into that dress. 我必须减肥才能穿上那条裙子。
[拓展]reduce...to 使……陷入不良状况;把……归纳成;把……降职为(to为介词) He was reduced to begging for food. 他沦落到讨饭的地步。
[短语] order 使……恢复秩序;整理
reduce...to silence使安静,使沉默下来
tears 使哭了起来
14. press vt. & vi. 按,压,夹 n. 压力,印刷机,新闻界 Press this button to start the engine. 按下这个按钮启动发动机。/ My shoes presses my toe. 我的鞋挤脚趾。/ The power of the press is very great. 舆论的力量是巨大的。
[拓展] pressure n. 劳累,紧张;pressing adj. 紧迫的,恳切的
[短语] be pressed for time / money 缺时间/钱;press on 加紧赶路,奋力前进;in the press 正在印刷
13. measure 的用法
▲ 搭配:
① make sth to sb's measure 按某人的尺寸制作某物
② take measures 采取措施 ③ beyond / above measure 无法估量地;无限的,极度地,非常,极为
[考例][2004天津] I realized strength and courage aren't always ____ in medals and victories, but in the struggle we overcome.
A. measured B. praised C. tested D. increased
[考查目标] 本题考查measure的意思。
[答案与解析]A measure的基本词义是“衡量,量”。
12. lie的用法
▲构词:liar n. 说谎者
▲搭配:
① lie down 躺下;磨洋工;停止战斗
② lie in 在于;位于
③ tell a lie = tell lies 撒谎
[考例][2002北京] I would ____ very still so that the "enemy" would not discover me.
A. lay B. hide C. rest D. lie
[考查目标]本题考查lie,lay等几个相近词的区别。
[答案与解析]D lie是动词原形,意思是“躺”或“撒谎”。在本句中是“躺”的意思。
11. hurry 的用法
▲ 构词:
① hurried adj. 匆忙的
② hurriedly adv. 仓促地.慌忙地
▲ 搭配:
① in a hurry 匆忙地
② in no hurry 不忙,有充分的时间;不急于
③ no hurry 不忙.不必着急,有充裕的时间
④ hurry up 快点,赶紧做;催促(快点)
▲ 辨析:hurry; haste; speed 均含“动作上的快速”的意思。
hurry 指“动作不轻松、不自然的快,有时表示不必要的快”,并且常有“忙乱仓促”的意思。例如:In her hurry she forgot to leave her address. 在匆忙中,她忘了留下地址。
haste 着重“想办法赶快”的意思,并常表示“匆忙的动作。有时动作过分仓促而不能得到预期的结果”。例如:All his haste was of no use. 他白忙了。/ Haste makes waste. 欲速则不达。
speed 指“人(物)快捷(速)的动作”。例如:It is dangerous to corner at speed. 高速转弯是危险的。
[考例][2004湖南] When l there ____ I apologized for being late, and told him I'd come as quickly as I could,...
A. went B. ran C. walked D. hurried
[考查目标] 考查几个与“走”有关的近义词的区别。
[答案与解析]D 从上下文看,当时,是”匆忙”的。
10. force n. [U][C]力量,势力,暴力 vt. 强迫,促使,强制 He didn't use much force. 他没怎么用力。/ They refused to bow before force. 他们拒绝向暴力低头。/ They have come to know the forces of nature. 他们终于知道了大自然的力量。
[注意]the forces 可表示“军队,兵力”。
[拓展]
force sb. to do sth.;force sb. into doing sth.;force sb. / sth. + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语 I was forced to leave. 我被迫离开。(= into leaving) / The strong man forced himself into the empty room. 那个身体强壮的男子强行进入了那个宅房间。
[短语]
by force 靠武力,强行 be in force 生效
come / go into force 生效 put in / into force 使生效
force one's way 强行前进或进入
9. devote 的用法
▲ 构词:
① devotion n. 献身;奉献;忠诚;热心,专心
② devoted adj. 忠诚的;挚爱的;喜欢的
③ devotedly adv. 忠实地,一心一意地
▲搭配:
① devote...to 把……献给;把……专用于
② devote oneself to 致力于,献身于;专心于
③ be devoted to 专心于,忠于
▲ 友情提示:各搭配中to均为介词。
[考例][2004全国卷IV] First of all, I respected his ____ to teaching.
A. attention B. introduction
C. relation D. devotion
[考查目标] 本题考查 devote 派生词的词义和用法。
[答案与解析]D devote的名词形式是devotion,也应
该和介词 to 搭配。
8. devote vt. 投入于;献身
devoted 忠实的;献身……的;专用的
devote one's time / life / energy / oneself to (doing) sth. 致力于……;献身于…… = be devoted to...致力于……;献身于……;忠实于…… After that, he devoted his entire energy to these studies. 从那以后,他全力以赴从事这些研究工作。/ He is very devoted to his wife. 他很忠实于他的妻子。
7. depend 的用法
▲ 搭配:
① That depends. 要看情况而定。
② It (all) depends. 要看情况而定。
③ depend on / upon 依靠;由……而定.取决于;从属于;依赖其维持
[考例][2004江苏]
-- How long are you staying? -- I don't know. ____.
A. That's OK B. Never mind
C. It depends D. It doesn't matter
[考查目标]考查depend在交际场合的用法。
[答案与解析]C it depends 意思是“看情况。不能确
定”。
6. defeat 的用法
▲ 构词:defeatist n. 失败主义者
▲ 搭配:suffer a defeat战败;遭受挫败
▲ 辨析:defeat;beat;conquer 这组动词的一般含义是“打败”。
defeat 的含义是“打败”,但被打败者不一定服输。例如:The public bet a lot of money on Mendoza, but he was defeated. 公众为门杜萨下了一大笔赌注,但是他被击败了。
beat则表示彻底“打败”,而且被打败者完全服输了。
例如:It was not until his third match in 1790 that he finally beat Humphries and become Champion of England. 直到1790年第三次比赛时,他才最后打败汉弗莱斯,而成为英国的冠军。
conquer 更可强调“把对方征服”,而且被征服者或被征服的国家为征服者所有,可以任意支配,特别指“获得
对人、物或感情的控制。例如:Some countries may be defeated but can never be conquered. 有的国家可能被打败,但决不能被征服。
[考例]-- Who ____ the team from No. 2 Middle school? -- I'm not sure. Perhaps the team from the nearby county.
A. defeated B. won C. beat D. gained
[考查目标]本题考查defeat的常见用法。
[答案与解析]A defeat 意思是“打败”,后面跟的是表示“人”或“组织”的名词或代词。
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