1. -- I'm sorry I can't go with you.

　 -- ____? Haven't you agreed?

　　　 A. How is it

　　　 B. What is it

　　　 C. Why don't you

　　　 D. What do you think

4. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but

　 his mother told him ____. (NMET 1995)

　　　 A. not to　　　　　　 B. not to do

　　　 C. not to it　　　　　　 D, do not to

[交际速成]

[考点1]Expressing agreement and disagreement 同意与

不同意

(2000北京春招)

-- I beliece we've met somewhere before．

-- No, ____.

　　 A. it isn't the same　 B. it can't be true

　　 C. I don't think so　　 D. I'd rather not

[答案与解析]C　 本题主要考查同意与不同意的功能

用语。A、B、D三项均不合语境，C项是表示不同看法

的用语。

[归纳]表达同意与不同意的常见功能用语有：

① Sure / Certainly.

② Of course.

③ AIl right.

④ I agree.

⑤ No problem.

⑥ That's a good idea.

⑦ Yes, I think so.

⑧ No way. (不可能)

⑨ Of course not.

⑩ I don't agree.

⑧ I don't think so.

⑩ I'm afraid not.

另外还有：

① Absolutely.

② That's exactly what I was thinking.

③ That's a good point.

④ That's just how I see it.

⑤ That's worth thinking about.

⑥ You can't be serious.

⑦ Well, it depends.

⑧ I would have to disagree with that.

⑨ Well, I'm not so sure about that.

[考点2]Asking if somebody agree 询问某人是否同意

(2001上海) I don't suppose anyone will volunteer, ____?

　　 A. dO I　　 B. don't I

　　 C. will they　　 D. won't they

[答案与解析]C　 本题看似考查反意问句，实际上运用

了询问某人是否同意的功能句式。这是一个否定转移

句式。当句子主语为第一人称，谓语动词使用think，

believe，suppose，expect，imagine等时。反意疑问句部

分的主语和谓语动词均与宾语从句的主语和谓语保持

一致。

[归纳]询问某人是否同意的常见用语有：

① Don't you agree?

②(~)Don't you think she is a bright student?

③(~)Don't you think so?

④(~He's quite old, isn't he?

⑤~)Right?

⑥~Yeah?

⑦(~OK?

⑧(8-)Do you agree with me?

⑨(9_)1 wonder if you would agree with argument?

[考点3]Talking about causes and effects谈论原因和结

果

--How is it that you are late for school again?

　　　 A. By bus and then on foot

　　　 B. Because I missed the bus

　　　 C. It's quite all right

　　　 D. It's far from school

[答案与解析]B　 本题主要考查表达原因和结果的用

语。题干中How is it that... 意为“是什么使得(某事发

生的)?”．故A、C、D三项均不能用于回答所提问题，只

有B项符合语境。

[归纳]表达原因和结果的用语有：

　① Why...?

　② Because of..., I...

　③ As a result of...

　④ Because / As / Since...

　⑤ If..., then...

　⑥ It follows that...

　⑦ It will lead to...

[牛刀小试4]

2. She is one of the new girls who ____ in the kin-

　 dergarten. (1994 上海)

　　　 A. is well paid　　　　 B. are well paid

　　　 C. is paying well　　　 D. are paying well

3, You can eat food free in my restaurant ____ you

　 like. (2004 重庆)

　　　 A. whenever　　　　　 B. wherever

　　　 C. whatever　　　　　 D. however

1. -- You haven't lost the ticket, have you?

　 -- _____. I know it's not easy to get another one

　　　 at the moment. (2004 江苏)

　　　 A. I hope not　　　　　 B. Yes, I have

　　　 C. I hope so　　　　　 D. Yes, I'm afraid so

5. Steve Jones tries to keep animals and plants from

　 becoming endangered.

　 斯蒂夫·琼斯致力于保护动植物免遭濒危。

　 keep…from doing sth.“阻止……做某事”

　 Please keeD the children from swimming in the sea.

　 请别让孩子们到海里游泳。

　 [联想] stop / prevent...from...为keep...from...

　 的同义词组，但前者的from可以省去，而后者中的

　 from却不可省(如若省去from，则成为keep sb.

　 doing sth. “使某人一直做某事”)。

　 Nothing can prevent her (from) doing so.

　 什么也不能阻止她这样做。

　 [注意]在被动语态中。三个短语中的from皆不可

　 以省去。

　 [提醒] 若表示“阻止做某事”，sth. 作动词的宾语，

　 则 from 后应跟动名词的被动语态，即“阻止某事被

　 做”。

　　 Nothing can stop the plan from being earried out.

什么也不能阻止这项计划的实施。

[牛刀小试3]　　 ．

4. We may be able to take measures before it is too late.

　 现在采取措施也许为时不晚。

　 从属连词 before 最基本的含义足“在……之前”，但

　 在具体的句子中，译法多种多样，如“……才……”

　 “……就……”“没等……就”等等。

　 He measured me before I could get in a word.

　 没等我插上一句话他就给我量好了尺寸。

　 I waited a long time before he came.

　 我等了很久他才来。

3. We human beings could not survive without all the

　　 plants and animals around us.

　　 如果没有周围这些动物和植物，我们人类就不会生

　　 存下来。

　　 句中，cannot…without足双重否定表示肯定。

　　 You cannot learn Chinese well without making great

　　 effort.

　　 只有努力，你才能学好汉语。

　　 One cannot make bricks without straw.

　　 巧妇难为无米之炊。

　　 There will be no rain without wind.

　　 没有风哪有雨。

2. The cellphone helps her do whatever she wants to do.

　 手机帮助她做她想要做的事。

　 (1) whatever 引导名词性从句，在句中作主语、宾语、

　 表语等。

　 Whatever he did was right.

　 凡是他做的都是正确的。

　 I'll send whatever is needed.

　 需要什么我就送什么。

　 [比较]whatever 和 what 引导名词性从句的区别。

　 whatever 相当于 anything that，语气很强，侧重泛指。

　 what 相当于 all that，everything that, the thing(s)

　 that, 侧重特指。

　 What he said was right.

　 他说的话是正确的。

　 (2) whatever 等于 no matter what 引导让步状语从

　 句，意为“不管……”。

　 Whatever Wilson says, I'll post the letter.

　 = No matter what Wilson savs, I'll post the letter.

　 不管威尔逊说什么，我都要寄走那封信。

　 [链接]

　 however = no matter how 无论怎样

　 whenever = no matter when 无论何时

　 whoever ① = no matter who 无论准

　　　　　 ② 引导名词性从句，等于anyone who

1. The answer seems to be that we have a need to stay in

　 touch with friends and family no matter where we are

　 or what we ale doing.

　 答案似乎是，无论我们身在何处或者正在做什么，我

　 们都需要跟家人和朋友保持联系。

　 no matter的用法

　 no matter是连词词组，作“无论，不管”解，常用于引

　 导表示让步的状语从句，常用于下列句型中：

　 ① No matter whal (who, when, how, where 等)... +

　 句子。(= whatever, whoever, whenever... + 句子)

　 No matter how proud he was, he was afraid to face

　 me.

　 无沦他多么傲慢，他还是怕面对我。

　 No matter whether you have time or not, you must go

　 there.

　 无沦是否有时间，你都得去那儿。

　 ② 在“no matter + 特殊疑问词”引导的让步状讲从句

　 中，要用一般式表示将来发生的动作。

　 No matter bow hard he works, he will never caleb up

　 with her.

　 无论他如何努力工作，他从没赶上她。

　 ③ “No matter + 特殊疑问词”结构引导的从句，可以

　 放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。

　 Don't open the door, no matter who knocks it.

　 (= No matter who knocks the door, don't open it)

　 不管是淮敲门，都小要开门。

　 No matter whose box it it, it will be kept until the

　 owner returns. (= It will be kept until the owner

　 returns, no matter whose box it is.)

　 无论是谁的箱子，都得保存到物主回米。

6. hurt，harm，wound，injure

　 (I)hurt “伤害，受伤”，主要用于有生命的东西，多指

　 肉体方面的伤害，常伴有痛感。作借喻时常指对精

　 神或感情方碰的伤害。hurt作不及物动词时表示

　 “疼痛”。

　 He fell off the bike and hurt his arm.

　 他从自行车上跌下来伤了手臂。

　 (2) harm “损害，伤害”，指使有生命或无生命的东西

　 不再完整、美丽，或像原来那样有价值。

　 She's afraid that in their fight he would harm the

　 child.

　 她怕他们在打架时他会伤到孩子。

　 (3) wound “受害，受伤”，指受袭击或暴力时所受的

　 伤，如刀伤，枪伤，也可以借喻为精神或感情上的创

　 伤。

　 The bullet wounded him in the leg.

　 子弹打伤了他的腿。

　 He felt wounded in his honor.

　 他觉得他的荣誉受到了伤害。

　 (4) injure2伤害，损害”，意义较广，着承指偶然事故

　 对人或物的容貌、内部器官、生理机能的“损害”。

　 John fell down from the tree and injured his back.

　 约翰从树上摔下来把背部摔伤lr。

　 I hope I didn’t injure her feelings.

　 我希望没有伤害她的感情。

[句型归纳]

[考点1]Wang Mei is one of many Chinese teenagers who

live life "on the go" and use cellphones. 跟许多中国青少

年一样，王梅使用手机享受着“移动人生”。

例如：This is one of the exciting matches that I have ev-

er seen.

注意： “one of+名词单数”作主语，谓语动词用复数；

“the (only / very) one of + the + 名词复数”作主语，谓

语动词用单数。

[考例1](2002上海) He is the only one of the students

who ____ a wumer of scholarship for three years.

　　 A. is　　 B. are

　　 C. have been　　 D. has been

[考查目标] 主谓一致。

[答案与解析]D　 根据以上解释，排除B、C两项；根据

for three years，排除A项。

[考点2]Having a cellphone also makes us feel safer,

since we can call for help in case of an emergency. 有了

手机，我们会感到更安全，因为遇到紧急情况，我们可

以随时求救。

该句中in case引导状语从句。例如：

Take an umbrella with you in case it rains. 带上雨伞，以

防下雨。

in case 表示“一旦；万一；以防”，后接从句；in case of后

接名词；而 in case 后接从句，该句在特定的语境中可以

省略。例如：

Take an umbrella with you in case of rain. 带上雨伞，

以防下雨。

[考例2](2000京、皖春招)John may phone tonight, I

don't want to go out ____ he phones.

　　 A. as long as　　 B. in order that

　　 C. in case　　 D. so that

[考查目标] 状语从句的连接词。

[答案与解析]C　 B项引导状语从句，表示目的；D项

引导状语从句。可以表示目的也可以表示结果；A项引

导状语从句，意思是“只要……就……”；C项in case表

示“以防，万一”与上下文吻合。

[考点3]The answer seems to be that we have a need to

stay in touch with friends and family no matter where we

are or what we are doing. 答案似乎是：无论我们在何处

或正在干什么，我们都需要与朋友、家人一直保持联

系。

该句中的“no matter + 疑问词”引导让步状语从句。例如：

No matter how clever you are。you must work hard．

引导让步状语从句的"no matter + 疑问词”常常可以与

“疑问词 + ever"互换。课文中的句子可以换成“Wher-

ever we are or whatever we are doing.”例如：

Wherever he went, he received a warm welcome. 无论

他走到哪儿，都受到热烈欢迎。

[考例3](2004湖北) You should try to get a good

night's sleep ____ much work you have to do.

　　　 A. however　　　　　　 15. no matter

　　　 C. although　　　　　　 D. whatever

[考查目标]让步状语从句的连接词。

[答案与解析]A　 根据句子意思“不管你有多少工作要

做。也得好好睡一晚上觉”。

[考点4]...and do everything Q12 tells them to. 惟Q12

的命令是从。

该句中to为动词不定式省略。例如：

Her parents hoped she would study chemistry, but she

didn't want to.

动词不定式作宾语或宾语补足语，如果是第二次出现，

为了避免重复使用．常常省略动词，保留to。例如：

-- Would you love to see the filnl with me tonight?

-- I'd like to, but I have to do my homework.

[考例4](2000上海)

-- You should have thanked her before you left.

-- I meant ____, but when I was leaving I couldn't

　 find her anywhere.

　　　 A. to do　　 　　　　B. to

　　　 C. doing　　　　　　　 D. doing it

[考查目标] 动词不定式省略。

[答案与解析]B　 mean作为“打算”讲，后接动词不定

式，排除C、D两项；再依据以上解释，排除A项。

　　 ☆句型诠释☆