3.it指时间的用法

教材原句

It was four o’clock in the afternoon when he and his grandpa reached the museum in Guanghan,where....

当他和爷爷到达广汉博物馆时，时间已是下午4点了……

特别提示

此句是主从复合句。it指时间，when引导的是时间状语从句。又如：It was early morning when we got home.我们到家时，时间已是凌晨了。

Was it 1949 when our town was liberated?

我们镇解放的时间是1949年吗？(it指时间，when在从句中作状语，不能由that充当)

Was it in 1949 that our town was liberated?

我们镇是在1949年解放的吗(强调句型)

2.it用作形式主语的句型(2)

教材原句

At first,it was thought that it was through war and armed conflict,but....

起初，据认为铁是由于战争和武器冲突才出现的。但……

特别提示

句中，it was thought+ that...,it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句，第二个it指上文的“铁”(iron)。掌握句型：It is said/thought/believed...=People say/think/believe that...=Sb./Sth.is said/believed/thought to do....

补充例句

It is known to all that Taiwan belongs to China.

众所周知，台湾属于中国。

It’s hoped that China will become stronger and stronger,more and more beautiful.

希望中国越来越美丽、富强。

The Yellow River is said to be “the mother river”.It runs across China like a huge dragon.

据说黄河是“母亲之河”。它就像一条巨龙穿过中国。

It’s said that the book has been translated into English.

=People say that the book has been translated into English.

=The book is said to have been translated into English.

据说，这本书已被译成了英文。

1.it用作形式主语的句型(1)

教材原句

It is useless trying to argue with Shylock.

想同夏洛克争论是没有用的。

特别提示

It’s useless/no use/no good+ doing sth.是一个主从复合句，it是形式主语，真正的主语是其后的v.-ing形式，意为“做某事没用/没好处”。

补充例句

It’s no use crying over spilt milk.

覆水难收。

It will be useless learning a theory without practice.

学习理论而不实践是没有用的。

5.date back to,date from

例句集锦

The Great Wall dates back to the Spring and Autumn Period.

长城始建于春秋时代。

In China,the needle treatment dates from ancient times.

在中国，针灸疗法起源于古代。

特别提示

date back to 也可写作date from,后常接过去时间，动词date用一般现在时，而且不用被动语态。

相关归纳

(1)bring...up to date 使……赶上时代；使……成为最新之物；给予(某人有关……的)最新消息/资料(on,about)

All the equipment has to be brought up to date.

所有装备必须予以更新。

Please bring me up to date on the fuel requirement.

请将最新燃料需求的资料提供给我。

(2)out of date过时的，旧式的

This encyclopedia has gone out of date.

这部百科全书已过时了。

(3)up to date迄今，直到现在；最新的，现代的

Our computer is up to date.

我们的电脑是最新式的。

(4)without date没有日期的；(美)无期限的

a letter without date一封没有日期的信

●必背句型

4.offer up

例句集锦

She offered up a prayer to God for her husband’s safe return.

她向上帝祷告，保佑她丈夫平安回来。

offer up a sacrifice作出牺牲；献祭

相关归纳

(1)offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb.给某人提供某物

He offered me his seat.他主动让座给我。

(2)offer to do sth.主动干某事

The boys offered to help the old woman.

孩子们要帮助那位老妇人。

(3)offer some money for sth.出价多少买某物

We offered 1 000 dollars for the computer.

我们出价1 000美圆买这台电脑。

(4)offer sth.for some money出价多少卖某物

I offered him the house for thirty thousand yuan.

我以三万元的价格卖给他这所房子。

(5)offer/give sb.a lift让某人搭便车；帮助

He gave me a lift by lending me 100 dollars.

他借给我100美圆来帮助我。

3.have mercy on/upon

例句集锦

He had mercy on the defeated enemy.

他宽恕了被打败的敌人。

Have mercy on the poor sinner.

宽恕那个可怜的罪人吧。

相关归纳

(1)show mercy to sb./ sth.=have mercy on/upon sb./sth.

No mercy was shown to the prisoners.

对囚犯毫不宽恕。

(2)at the mercy of任由……摆布，在……掌握中

The ship was at the mercy of the waves.

船在浪涛中随波逐流。

(3)give mercy to sb.怜悯某人

We were given no mercy.

我们没得到宽恕。

(4)without mercy无情地

He was treated without mercy.

他受到无情地对待。

2.after all

例句集锦

Why is he not allowed to stay here?After all,it is his home.

他干吗不能呆在这儿？要知道，这是他的家。

Although they met with difficulties,I hear that they succeeded after all.

他们虽然遇上了困难，但我听说他们终于成功了。

Many people in Europe in the Middle Ages thought that Galileo was wrong,but he was right after all.

中世纪欧洲有许多人都认为伽利略是错误的，但他终究还是对的。

相关归纳

(1)at all 根本，丝毫(常用于否定句、条件句以加强语气)

I don’t know it at all.我毫不知情。

(2)in all总共，总计

There were fifty in all.

总共有五十个。

(3)of all(+复数名词)偏偏

He tried to rob on policeman of all people.

他偏偏要抢警察的钱。

(4)above all首先，首要地

As a student,above all,one should study hard at his lessons.

作为学生，首要的是应努力学习自己的功课。

(5)all in all从各方面说，总的说来

All in all,their financial condition is not bad.

总体说来，他们的经济状况并不坏。

All in all,you shouldn’t have scolded the boy at all,he is a child after all; above all,he made only two mistakes in all.

总的说来，你根本不该责备那男孩，他毕竟还是个孩子；更重要的是他总共才出了两处错。

1.so/as far as

例句集锦

The golden rice fields stretch as far as the eyes can see.

金黄色的稻田一直延伸到远处。

We didn’t go as/so far as the others.

我们不像其他人走得那样远。

As far as I know,he is always telling lies.

据我所知，他总是说谎。

As far as he was concerned,things were going well.

就他来讲，一切进展得很顺利。

相关归纳

(1)so far 到现在为止(常用于含有完成时态的句子中)

So far no man has traveled farther than the moon.

到现在为止，没有人到过比月球更远的地方。

(2)far from远离，完全不

Far from being angry,he is delighted.

他非但没生气，反而很高兴。

(3)by far最;……得多

He is by far the wisest boy in the class.

他是班上最聪明的男孩。

(4)far away遥远的

The moon is far away from the earth.

月球离地球很远。

(5)far into the night 直到深夜

I often read far into the night.

我经常读书到深夜。

(6)Stand high and see far.

站得高，看得远。

7.accompany

例句集锦

v.

(1)accompanied him on the trip.

我同他一起去旅行。

(2)Strong winds accompanied the rain.

狂风伴着雨来。

(3)He accompanied me on the guitar.

他用吉他为我伴奏。

用法归纳

accompany用作动词，主要义项有：陪伴；伴随，和……一起发生；为……伴奏。

特别提示

accompany是动词，而company是名词(同伴，陪伴)。accompany准确含义为“陪同……去”(go with...),本身已包含了go的含义，因而：

[误]He accompanied us to go to the park.

[正]He accompanied us to the park.

●重点短语

6.bow

例句集锦

v.&n.

The hunter first bowed to the head and then raised his bow,pulled back the cord and let the arrow fly.

这位猎手首先向这个首领鞠了一躬，然后举弓、拉弦、射箭。

用法归纳

bow用作名词和动词，主要义项有：鞠躬，屈服，点头；弓，弓形物。

特别提示

bow作为动词，意为“鞠躬，屈服”。作为名词，意为“弓，虹”。类似的词还有tear,wind,wound等。