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2、如果一个事物为两个人所有,只在后一个名词的词尾加“’s”,如果不是共有,就要在两个名词的词尾都加上“’s”。如:Tom and Mike’s room.(共有),Tom’s and Mike’s books.(不共有)。

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1、有生命名词的所有格一般在词尾加上“’”或“’s”。如:Tom’s bike, Engles’s (Engles’) works, a works’ school, Women’s Day, the editor-in-chief’s office

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3、注意以下几个名词单复数问题

① 物质名词一般不用复数形式,但有些物质名词要用复数形式来表示不同的类别,如:fishes各种鱼,fruits各种水果,steels各种钢材。

② 物质名词表示数量时,一般用表示数量的短语来表示。如:a cup of tea, three bags of apples, four pieces of bread。

③ 有些抽象名词的复数形式表示不同的含义。如:work(工作)→ works(著作),arm(手臂)→ arms(军火),glass(玻璃)→ glasses(眼镜),cloth(布)→ clothes(衣服)。

④ 定冠词加上姓氏的复数形式,表示全家人或夫妇二人;姓氏的复数形式前不加冠词,则表示若干个姓…的人。如:the Wangs王家,three Wangs三个姓王的。

⑤ 只用作单数的复数形式的名词。如:physics, mathematics, news, the United States

⑥ 有些名词形似单数,但实为复数。如:police, people, cattle

⑦ 有些名词如被看作整体时就作单数用,如被看作组成该集体的各个成员时就作复数用。如:class, family, couple, audience, government, public

⑧ 有些抽象名词在具体化时,可以复数形式出现。表示特指时,可和定冠词连用;表示“某种”或“一次”意义时,可和不定冠词连用。如:How did you smooth away the difficulties?(指各种具体困难);It is a great pleasure to talk with you.;What a surprise!

(五)名词的所有格

名词的所有格在句中表示所有关系,作定语用。

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2、有些名词,不按上述规则构成其复数形式,有以下几种情况:

① 单复数形式相同:Chinese, Japanese, deer, sheep

② 不规则变化:man → men, woman → women, goose → geese, foot → feet, tooth → teeth, child → children, mouse → mice, ox → oxen 。但是,German → Germans

③ 复合名词的复数形式:editor-in-chief → editors-in-chief, daughter-in-law → daughters-in-law, grown-up → grown-ups, woman teacher → women teachers, man driver → men drivers

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1、可数名词单数变复数:

① 一般加s :lesson → lessons, pen → pens

② 以s, x, ss, ch, sh, o结尾的加es :buses, boxes, classes, watches, brushes, hero → heroes

但有些以o结尾的名词,是加s构成复数:kilo → kilos, piano → pianos, radio → radios,

photo → photos, zoo → zoos

③ 以辅音字母 + y 结尾的改y为i,再加es :city → cities, story → stories

④ 以f 或fe结尾的,一般将f或fe改为v,再加es :knife → knives, leaf → leaves

但有些以f 结尾的名词,是在f后加s,构成复数形式:belief → beliefs, roof → roofs, safe(保险箱)→ safes, proof(证据)→ proofs, chief → chiefs, handkerchief → handkerchiefs

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3、个体名词转专有名词

    e.g. His father is a teacher.(个体)他父亲是个教师。

        “What are you doing there?” Father asked.(专有)“你在那儿干什么?”父亲问道。

(四)名词的数

    名词分为可数(有单、复数形式)和不可数名词(只有单数形式)。

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2、物质名词转个体名词或个体名词转物质名词

    e.g. He broke a piece of glass.(物质)他打破了一块玻璃。

        He broke a glass.(个体)他打破了一个杯子。

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1、个体名词转抽象名词或抽象名词转个体名词

    e.g. Our school is not far from my home.(个体)我们学校离我家不远。

        School is over at six.(抽象)六点钟放学。

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50. He will have learned English for eight years by the time he _____ from the university next year.

  A. will graduate                   B. will have graduated

  C. graduates                    D. is to graduate

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49. He is eating like a horse ______he hadn’t had a decent meal for a month.

  A. since          B. as if         C. as           D. like 

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