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3. When I left. Tom and his father ____ in.

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2. The twins look the same, so I can't ____ them

  from each other.

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1. Next I'll ask Mr. Green to give some introduction in ____.

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2. vary vt. & vi. 变化,改变,变更;相异

  A good driver varies the speed of his car according to

the condition of roads.

   优秀的司机会依照路况变换车子的速度。

   These sweaters vary in size / color.

   这些毛衣有各种不同的尺寸/颜色。

   Opinions on this matter vary from person to person.

   对于这件事,人人意见不一。

   My doctor said I should vary my diet more.

   医生说我应该使日常饮食更为多样化。

   [拓展]various adj. 各种各样的,形形色色的

variety n. 多变性,多样性;种种

[考点6]warn 的用法

▲ 构词:warning n. 警告;预告,通知;借鉴,反面教

材,教训

▲搭配:

① warn sb of / about sth 提醒/警告某人有……

② warn sb against sth 提醒/警告某人提防……

③ warn sb against doing sth 提醒/警告某人不要……

④ warn sb(not)to do sth 提醒/警告某人(不要)……

⑤ warn sb that-clause 提醒/警告/预先通知某人……

⑥ give sb warning 预先通知某人(特指解雇、辞职、退租

  等)

⑦ without warning 突然

[考例6][NMET 1996] The patient was warned ____

   oily food after the operation.

   A. to eat not   B. eating not

   C. not to eat   D. not eating

[考查目标] 本题考查warn的宾语补语形式。

[答案与解析]C  warn是一个常规动词,后面接动词

的不定式形式作宾语补语。

[考点7]wish的用法

▲搭配:

① wish (sb) to do sth. 希望/想要(某人)……

② wish that-clause 但愿……(从句用were型虚拟语

  气)

③ wish for 希望得到,渴望

[考例7][NME 1991] We ____ each other the

best of luck in the examination.

   A. hoped   B. wanted

   C. expected   D. wished

[考查目标] 本题考查wish的词义以及它和近义词的区

别。

[答案与解析] D  wish可以表示“祝愿”,后接代词(名

词)宾语,然后接名词(或形容词)宾语补语。

[牛刀小试1]

用所给单词的适当形式填空:

(ahead, vary, touch, manage, step, tell, warn, detail,

wish, risk)

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14. risk  v.

  (1) 使冒危险,作赌注

  You are risking your health.

  你在以你的健康作赌注。

  (2) 冒……之险

  He risked his parents' anger by living alone.

  他冒可能惹他父母生气之险独自生活。

  If you put money into the stock market, you will risk

  losing it.

  如果你把钱投入股市就要冒风险。

[考点10]risk的用法

▲ 搭配:

① at risk 在危险中;有危险

② at all / any risks 无论冒什么危险;无论如何

③at the risk of (= at risk to) 冒……之险;不顾;之风

  险

④ at one's own risk (损失、风险等)负责自负;自担风险

⑤ run / take risks / a risk 冒险

⑥ run / take the risk of doing sth 冒险做某事

⑦ risk doing sth 冒……的危险

⑧ risk one's fortune / health / life 冒着财产/健康/性

  命的风险

⑨ It's (not) worth the risk (不)值得冒这个险

[考例10]When children start smoking, they don't real-

ize that they're their health.

   A. cost   B. care   C. risk   D. keep

[考查目标] 本题主要考查 risk 作动词的用法。

[答案与解析]C  risk one's health 意为“拿自己的健康

去冒险”。

[考点4]step的用法

▲搭配:

① step in 走进;调停,排解,介入,干涉

② step this way 请这边走! 请跟我来!

③ keep step (with…) (与……)步调一致

④ in step (with...) 齐步;(和……)步凋一致

⑤ out of step (with...) (和……)步调不一致

⑥ miss one's step 失足

⑦ take steps to do sth 设法;采取措施干某事

⑧ mind / watch one's step 小心地行走;谨慎行事

⑨ step by step 一步一步地;逐步地;逐渐地

[考例4][NMET 1998]"Look at them! They're all out

of ____ except my John! Isn't he the best!”

   A. sight   B. order   C. mind   D. step

[考查目标] 本题考查step构成的短语的意思。

[答案与解析]D  out of step的意思是“步法混乱”。

这是母亲溺爱儿子指责别人的一句话。

[考点5]tell的用法

▲搭配:

① tell sb sth = tell sth to sb 告诉某人……

② tell sb of / about sth 告诉某人……

③ tell sb to do sth 吩咐某人……

④ tell (of) 谈起/说过

⑤ tell the time (钟)报时

⑥ tell...(apart)from... 分清,区分

⑦ for what I can tell 据我所知

⑧ I (can) tell you (= let me tell you) 我敢说;确实

⑨ I told you so. 我早就跟你说过了。(意指我没说错,

  你偏不听)

⑩ There is no telling. 无法知道;难以预料。

⑩ You can never tell. (=You never can tell.) 谁也不知

道;谁也没把握。

▲ 辨析:tell;inform

这组近义词的一般含义是“把某消息或某件事转达给

别人”。

tell最通用,最不正式。它的含义是“把某事告诉某

人”。它也含有给人“指示”的意思,即“叫某人做某

事”。例如:

Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress

was sold. 他轻蔑地看了她一眼,告诉她说那件衣服被

卖了。

While we were waiting to land, the airhostess told us to

keep calm. 当我们等待着陆的时候,一位飞机乘务员叫

我们保持镇静。

它的含义可以是“讲述某件事”。

inform 的含义是“向某人传递信息”。虽然它可以表示

把任何别人不知道的事情说出来。以使人知晓,但是这

个词特别适用于告知所发生的情况或有关资料。例

如:

I have just received a letter from my old school infor-

ming me that my former headmaster, Mr.Reginald

Page, will be retiring next week. 我刚接到母校的一封

信,通知我说我的老校长雷金纳德·佩奇先生将于下

星期退休。

▲友情提示:inform可以用于上级对下级,也可以用于

下级对上级的通知。

[考例5][2004  全国卷Ⅳ] Alice returned from the

manager's offic, ____ me that the boss wanted to

see me at once.

   A. having told   B. tells

   C. t0 tell   D. telling

[考查目标] 本题考查tell的词义和语法变化。

[答案与解析]D  这是作为补充说明的现在分词短语

用法,tell在本句的句意是“告诉”。若用having told

表示的则是“前提”,而不是补充说明。

[考点3]touch 的用法

▲ 构词:touching adj. 动人的,令人同情的,令人感伤

▲ 搭配:

① get in touch with 和……取得联系

② keep / stay in touch with 和……保持联系   ,

③ lose touch with 和……失去联系,对……变得生疏

④ out of touch with 同……失去联系,无……的消息

[考例3][2004重庆] She ____ the burned side of

her face.

   A. pointed   B. showed

   C. wiped   D. touched

[考查目标] 本题考查touch的意思。

[答案与解析]D  touch意思是“触摸”的意思。本句的

句意是“她触摸了她滚烫的脸”。

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6. opposite adj. 相反的;相对的,对面的;反对的

   We took seats opposite to the directors.

  我们坐在董事们的对面。

  He and I are on opposite sides in this debate.

  在这个辩论里,他和我站在相对的立场。

  [拓展]

  (1) opposite不但用作形容词,还用作:

  n. [C] 相反的事物,多和of连用。

  Sweet and salty are opposites.

  甜与咸正好相反。

  (2) prep. 在……的对面

  The post office is opposite the station.

  邮局在车站的对面。

  (3) adv. 在对面,在相反的位置

  There is a bar opposite.

  对面有一家小酒吧。

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5. mean vt.

  (1) (言词,事情等) 意味着……,有……的意思

  [构成] mean + n. / pron. 或 mean + that 或 mean

 doing sth. 或 mean + what...。

  What does the word mean in this context?

  在上下文中,这个词是什么意思?

  The sign means (that) the road is blocked.

  这个标志表示此路不通。

  (2)(某人)意欲,意图,打算

  [构成] mean + n. 或 mean to do sth. 或 mean sb. +

  to do 或 meau sb. sth.。

  We sometimes hurt people's feelings without meaning it.

  我们有时会在无意中伤害别人的感情。

  She said I ignored her, but I didn't mean to.

  她说我忽视了她,但我并没有这个意思。

  I mean her no harm. = I mean no harm to her.

  我对她并无恶意。

  (3)(对某人而言) 有……的意义

  [构成]mean + n. + to sb. 。

  His girlfriend means the world to him.

  他的女朋友对他来说实在太重要,。

  Fame doesn't mean much to me.

  名声对我而言无足轻重。

[考点8]occur的用法

▲搭配:

① sth occurs to sb. 浮现在某人的脑海中;……被

  某人想到

② It (never) occurred to sb. that... 某人(从未)想到/起

[考例8][2005 江苏盐城模拟]An eclipse of the sun

____ when the moon passes between the earth and

the sun.

   A. happened   B. occurred

   C. appeared   D. rose

[考查目标] 本题考查occur的词义以及它和一些近义

词的区别。

[答案与解析]B  occur可以表示“突然发生”,但不是

意外。

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1. express vt. (以言语、表情) 表达……;叙述……

   [构成]express + n.或 express + n. + to sb. (对

   某人表达)或 expmss + wh-从句。

   His face expressed his disappointment.

   他脸上浮现出失望的表情。

   I can't express (to you) how encouraging your letter

   was.

   你的来信多么令人鼓舞,我无法用言语表达。

  [拓展] express adj. 明确的;特殊的;快速的

  It was her express wish that you should have her house

  after her death.

  她明确表示她死后会把她的房子留给你。

  I came here with the express purpose of seeing you.

  我特来此地看你。

  an express train 快车

[考点2]manage的用法

▲ 构词:

① management n. 经营,管理,处理,操纵,驾驶,手段

② manager n. 经理,管理人员,管理器

▲ 搭配:

① manage to do sth 完成……;设法办到……

② manage with 以……设法应付

③ manage without 在没有……的情况下应付过去

[考例2][2004湖北] The 22-year-old student____

to stop her by the side of the road in the winter night

and opened the trunk.

   A. afforded   B. wanted

   C. allowed   D. managed

[考查目标] 本题考查manage的词义和基本用法。

[答案与解析]D  manage后接不定式,表示“努力并且

成功地做了某事”。

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13. experience

  (1) n. 经历,感受,体验

  Child as he is, he has experienced defeat.

  尽管是个孩子,但他已经经历过失败。

 Our country has experienced great changes in the last

  30 years.

  过去三十年里,我们国家经历了巨大的变化。

  (2) [U] n. 经验

  As a teacher with 5 years experience, she is good at

  making friends with her students.

  作为一个有五年教师工作经验的人,她擅长和她的

  学生交朋友。

  [C] n. 经历,阅历

  Ourjourney by camel was quite an experience.

  骑骆驼旅行真是一种令人难忘的经历。

  [提示] experience 的形容词为 experienced,常可构成

  短语:

  be experienced in / at 对……有经验

  He is very experienced in planting trees.

  他对种树很有经验。

  [拓展] experience...as 感受……是……,其中as后

  可跟形容词,分词。

  The theory is experienced as very advanced.

  这个理论被认为是很先进的。

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12. divide v.

  (1) 分,分割,把……分成(若干部分)。常与into 或

  from 连用。

  The country is divided into 12 provinces.

  这个国家划分为十二个省。

  A low wall divides our garden from our neighbour's

  garden.

  一堵矮墙把我家的花园和邻居的花园隔开来。

  (2) 分配,分发,分享。常与between,among,with连用。

  The prize money will be divided among the three winners.

  奖金将由三名优胜者均分。

  (3) 除,除以。常与by,into连用。

  15 divided by 3 is 5.

  十五除以三等于五。

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