3.风景旖旎的镜湖,各式现代建筑环湖矗立,充满时代气息。如图1所示,建筑物在湖中的“倒影”是由光的_________所形成的________ (选填“实像”
或“虚像”).这些“倒影”看起来比建筑物本身“暗”一些,主要
是因为建筑物的光射到水面时,有一部分发生____________进入
了水中;拍摄该照片的照相机镜头相当于________透镜,这种透
镜对光线具有______________作用,可用来矫正_________(选填
“近”或“远”)视跟。
2.2009年1月,我国正式进入移动通信的3G时代。移动通信实际上是利用_______波传
递信号的。用户用3G手机拨打可视电话时,图像信号在空中传递的速度为________m/s。
1.芜湖“三刀”素有“削铁如泥”之美称.从物理学的角度分析,这说明刀具材料的_________
比铁大;刀具的刀口磨得很锋利.主要是为了减小受力面积,增大________:刀柄上刻
有花纹,是为了________________。
3. She looks forward every spring to ________ the flower-lined garden. (上海卷)
A. visit B. paying a visit
C. walk in D. walking in
[分析]答案选D。look forward to中to是介词,后接动名词。再说,若visit用作名词,后面要加介词to,才可接宾语,排除A和B;walk作名词,表示散步,仅用于go for / take / have a walk等结构,排除C。
2. The discovery of new evidence led to ________. (上海卷)
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
[分析]答案选C。lead to中的to是介词,后接动名词;逻辑主语the thief与catch是被动关系,所以用动名词的被动式(from )。
to是介词和固定词组很多,常见的有:look forward to(盼望), devote…to / be devoted to(致力于), be / get used to(习惯), lead to(导致), get down to(开始认真), pay attention to(注意), refer to(谈到), point to(指向), turn to(转向), object to(反对), equal to(等于、能胜任), belong to(属于)等。如:
1. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to ________ some schools for poor children. (上海卷)
A. set up B. setting up
C. have set up D. having set up
[分析]答案选B。devote…to…中to是介词,接动名词;all是devote的宾语,he had是省略了关系代词that的定语从句。
4. Did you have trouble ________ the post office? (全国卷)
A. to have found B. with finding
C. to find D. in finding
[分析]答案选D。have difficulty / trouble (in) doing sth. 在做方面有困难。
3. I believe that’s the best way to prevent such a thing ________ again. (全国卷)
A. to happen B. from happening
C. happened D. happen
[分析]答案选B。prevent sb. / sth. from doing 阻止…做…。
2. According to a recent U. S. survey, children spend up to 25 hours a week ________ TV. (上海卷)
A. to watch B. to watching
C. watching D. watch
[分析]答案选C。spend some time (in) doing sth. 做某事花了多长时间。
在介词后一般用动名词,下面是一些含介词的固定句式(其中有的介词有时会被省略):prevent / stop / keep sb. / sth. from doing (阻止…做…);spend / waste time or money in doing (在做…方面花费 / 浪费时间或金钱);How / What about doing sth. (做…怎么样?);have some difficulty / trouble in doing (在做…方面有些困难);have a hard time in doing sth. (做某事很艰难); there is no sense in doing(做…是没有理由 / 道理的);thank (excuse / admire / praise / blame / scold / punish) sb. for doing sth. (因做某事而感谢 / 羡慕 / 表扬 / 责备某人)等。如:
1. Having been ill in bed for nearly a month, he had a hard time ________ the exam. (福建卷)
A. pass B. to pass
C. passed D. passing
[分析]答案选D。因为have a hard time (in) doing sth. 在做某事方面有困难。
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