4、表语：过去分词作表语，表示主语的状态，且该状态通常是由外界因素引起的。这时过去分词可以被看作一个形容词，是形容词化的过去分词。

　　 e.g. 　　 I’m interested in reading novels written by Jin Yong.

注：分词短语作状语，其逻辑主语必须是主句的主语，如果分词的逻辑主语并不是主句

的主语，而另有其逻辑主语，则应在分词前补上其逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。

独立主格结构相当于一个状语从句。

　　 e.g. The baby sleeping (As the baby was sleeping)in the room, we dared not turn up the TV.

3、补语：过去分词作宾语补语，表示宾语与补语存在被动关系，且常用于have something done / get something done / make oneself done ….等句型中。

e.g. Yesterday he had his watch fixed at the watch-maker’s.

2、状语：过去分词短语作状语可分为：一般式(done)：表示分词动作与谓语动作同时发生或分词动作发生于谓语动作前；完成式(having been done)：强调分词动作发生于谓语动作之前。

Scolded ( As she was scolded) by the teacher, the girl sat there without lifting her head.

　　　 　 Having been kept (As he had been kept) in prison for many years, he went mad.

1、定语：单一的过去分词作定语一般放于被修饰的名词前，过去分词短语作定语放于被修饰的名词后，过去分词及过去分词短语作定语均可以发展为一个定语从句。

　　　　 The broken window (The window which was broken) will be replaced soon.

　　　 The books bought yesterday ( which were bought yesterday) are of high quality.

　　　　 过去分词短语作定语有三种时态：done….：表示动作已发生；to be done：表示动作将要发生；being done：表示动作正在发生。对比以下三句：

　　　 The bridge built last year (which was built last year) is very beautiful.

　　　 The bridge to be built next month (which will be built next month) will be very long.

　　　 The bridge being built (which is being built) will be completed next month.

5、独立结构：现在分词短语作独立结构时，是固定说法，不以主动、被动去分析。常见的有：generally speaking, judging from/by, considering…

　　　 Generally speaking, he is quite skillful at playing table tennis.

过去分词：过去分词和过去分词短语在句中可作：

4、表语：现在分词作表语，表示主语的特点，可以看作形容词，是形容词化的现在分词。

　　　　 The film was very interesting.

3、补语：现在分词作宾语补语，表示宾语的一个正在进行的动作，用于一些常见句型中:

　　　　 see / hear / feel / notice / have / catch / leave / set / send…. sb. doing sth.

　　　　 The salesman caught the thief stealing in the shop.

2、状语：现在分词作状语可分为：一般式(doing)：表示分词动作与谓语动作同时发生；完成式(having done)：表示分词动作发生于谓语动作之前。

　　　 The old man passed away, leaving a lot of debts unpaid.

　　 　　 Having finished (After he had finished) his exercises, he went to play basketball.

[要点点拨]分词可分为：现在分词和过去分词两类。

现在分词: 现在分词和现在分词短语在句中可作：

1、定语：单个的现在分词作定语一般放于被修饰的名词前，现在分词短语作定语应放被修饰的名词后，现在分词及现在分词短语作定语时均可以发展为一个定语从句。

　　　　 The girl reading over there (The girl who was reading over there) soon fell asleep.

7、独立结构，在句中作插入语。常用的有：to tell the truth , to be frank , to make things worse…