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2.   宾语从句中

wish , would rather 后,  但would rather后所跟句子跟现在、将来相反用过去时,跟过去时间相反使用过去完成时。注意:不跟过去将来时。

     I would rather you came tomorrow instead of today.我宁愿你明天而不是今天来。

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1.在条件句中的运用

 
条件从句
主句
与现在事实相反
过去式(be一般用were)
would / could/ might + v.
与过去事实相反
had + 过去分词
would / could/ might+ have +过去分词
与将来事实相反
1) 过去式
2) should + v.
3) were to + v.
would / could/ might + v.
(第一人称可用should,以上同)

  1) “混合虚拟条件句”或“错综时间条件句”

  主句和从句时间上不一致,从句可以和过去时间相反,主句可以与现在事实相反。

If you had taken my advice just now, you would be better now.

2) if 省略句。在条件句中,可省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首,变为倒装句式。

 Were I you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.

3) 含蓄条件句

  A) with, without, but for 等介词短语代替条件句

   But for the rain, the crops would have died. (= If it hadn’t been for the rain)

  B) 其他手段

  I was ill that day. Otherwise, I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副词)

  He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.(连词)

 I might have given you more help, but I was too busy. (连词)

  Given more time, we could have done it better. (分词短语)

  It would be a mistake not to help him.(动词不定式)

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2.主语从句中

1) It is necessary / important / strange / natural / a pity / a shame / no wonder … that….

eg. It is strange that he should have acted towards his parents like that.

二:形式为在原本的时态上退一步,即“+过去”

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[要点点拨]

一:形式为(should) +v.

1.宾语从句中。一个坚持(insist),两个命令(order, command), 三条建议(advise, suggest, propose),四项要求(demand, require, request, ask).还有prefer ,advise等词。

  注意:1)suggest和insist有例外

The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.(“暗示”“表明”)

The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.

    2) 这类动词的名词形式后的表语从句和同位语从句中也要用(should ) + v.形式。另外,还有plan, idea等词。

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4.解:(1)

      又

     (2)应用第(1)小题结论,得取倒数,得

     (3)由正弦定理,原题⇔△ABC中,求证:

     证明:由(2)的结论得,均小于1,

       

       

      (4)如得出:四边形ABCD中,求证:且证明正确给3分;

       如得出:凸n边形A1A2A3┅An中,边长依次为求证:

       且证明正确给4分.

       如能应用到其它内容有创意则给高分.

       如得出:为各项为正数的等差数列,,求证:

        

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4. (上海虹口区08学年高三数学第一学期期末试卷21)(本题满分18分)第1小题4分,第2小题4分,第3小题5分,第4小题5分.

(1)已知:均是正数,且,求证:

(2)当均是正数,且,对真分数,给出类似上小题的结论,并予以证明;

(3)证明:△中,(可直接应用第(1)、(2)小题结论)

  (4)自己设计一道可直接应用第(1)、(2)小题结论的不等式证明题,并写出证明过程.

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3.解:(1),即

,所以

(若答案写成,扣一分)             (4分)

(2)① 对于,取,则

所以.            (6分)

②对于任取,则

,而函数是增函数

∴  ,即

,即.           (10分)

(3)设,则,且m+n=1.

由(2)知:函数满足

,即,则 (14分)

当且仅当,即,即m=n=-1时,m+n有最大值为-2. (16分)

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3.(上海市奉贤区2008年高三数学联考19)(本题满分16分.第一小题4分,第2小题6分,第3小题6分.)

我们将具有下列性质的所有函数组成集合M:函数,对任意均满足,当且仅当时等号成立.

若定义在(0,+∞)上的函数∈M,试比较大小.

给定两个函数:.

证明:.

试利用(2)的结论解决下列问题:若实数m、n满足,求m+n的最大值.

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2.解: 当时,P=

     当时,P=

     当时,P=----------6分

   Q:    ------9分

    ---------10分

     若QP   ---------12分

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2.(上海市八校2008学年第一学期高三数学考试试卷17)(本小题满分12分)

关于的不等式的解集为P,不等式的解集为Q.  若QP,  求正数的取值范围

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