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1.表示“必须”, 它的否定形式是need not / needn’t, 而不是must not / mustn’t, mustn’t表示禁止或不许做某事

     a. You must set off at once.

     b. You needn’t tell John about it.

     c. You mustn’t play with fire.

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4.在疑问句中表示怀疑, 不确定或不会有的情况, 即“否定的推测”

     a. Can it be true ? 这是真的吗?

     b. Can it be true that he has passed the exam ? 他真的通过考试了吗?

 ’t / couldn’t在陈述句中可表示“肯定不, 一定不”的意思

     a. He can’t be in the room right now.

     b. It can’t have rained last night, for the ground is dry.

’t / couldn’t help doing sth表示“不得不,忍不住做某事”

     a. People couldn’t help laughing at the foolish emperor.

  / be able to do的区别:

   ①.be able to可用于各种时态, 而can只有现在时can和过去时could

   ②.be able to可以和另一个不完全动词连用, 如should be able to (应该能够), must be able to (必须能够)等, 而can则不可以这样用

   ③.强调“能力”时, 多用be able to

      a. The patient was soon able to sit up and read.

   ④.can可用于人或其他事物作主语的句子中;  be able to只用于有生命的名词或代词作主语的句子中

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3.表示“会, 能”, 相当于be able to

     a. He can speak English.

     b. Can you play tennis ?

     c. Little Tom can’t move the big box.

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2.在提建议时, 可用Can I / you… ?

     a. Can I buy you a drink ?

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1.表示许可或请求许可, 相当于may. 但can比may用得更广泛. can不仅表示说话人同意, 准许, 还可以表示客观条件许可. may通常只表示说话人同意或准许

     a. The class is over. You can go home now.

     b. You can go there tomorrow.

     c. Can I borrow your car for today ?

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3.在提建议时, 可用May I … ?

     a. May I carry your bag ?

     b. May I make a suggestion ?

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2.表示“可能, 也许” (在疑问句中通常不用may / might, 而用likely, do you think, can等表示“是否可能, 会不会”的意思)

     a. He may come today.

     b. Is it likely to rain ?

     c. Do you think the train will be late ?

     d. Can the news be true ?这消息会是真的吗?

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1.表示“可以”, 即表示说话人许可或请求许可

     a. You may take it away.

     b. May I come in ?

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3.不是所有的及物动词都有被动语态, 某些表示状态或关系的动词或短语动词只有主动语态, 而无相对应的被动语态. 常见的这类动词有: cost花费, fit适合, have有, hold容纳, lack缺乏, own拥有, suit适合, fail失败, belong to属于, agree with同意

第九章:情态动词

情态动词有一定的词义, 表示某种感情或语气, 是不完全动词, 不能单独作谓语, 需和实义动词一起构成谓语. 常见的情态动词有: can / could, may / might, must, shall / should, will / would, need, ought to, dare / dared等

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2.有些动词形式上用主动语态时含有被动意思

     a. This book sells well.这本书很畅销

     b. This kind of cloth washed very well.这种布很耐洗

     c. This pen writes quite smoothly.这支笔很好使

     d. This dish tastes good.这道菜味道不错

     e. This kind of cloth feels smooth and soft.这料子摸起光滑柔软

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