4. Not　 until the early years of the 19th century

　 ____ what heat is.

　　　 A. man did know　　　 　B. man knew

　　　 C. didn't man know　　　 D. did man know

3. ____ is known to everybody, the moon travels

　 round the earth once every month. (NMET 2001)

　　　 A. It　　　　　　　　　 B. As

　　　 C. That　　　　　　　　 D. What

2. ____ for the free tickets, I would not have gone

　 to see the film so often. (1995 上海)

　　　 A. If it is not　　　　　 B. Were it not

　　　 C. Had it not been　　　 D. If they were not

1. I finally got the job I dreamed about. Never in all my

　 life ____ so happy. (2000 京、皖春招)

　　　 A. did I feel　　　　　　 B. I felt

　　　 C. I had felt　　　　　　 D. had I felt

7. The hurricane, with its power to sink ships and to

　　 destroy strong walls, had found this little ship in its

　　 path.

　　 飓风威力无比，它能沉掉船只，推倒墙；飓风一路风

　　 驰电掣来到小船前。

　　 英语中find，see等动词的主语有时是物。在句子有

　　 不同的意思。又如：

　　 National Day found people singing and dancing happily

　　 in a street parade.

　　 国庆节时人们在大街上的游行队伍里高兴地唱啊跳

啊。

[句型归纳]

[考点l]① Among the speakers was China's then Premier

Zhu Rongji, who stressed the need for equality and fair-

ness in the world. 演讲者中有中国当时的总理朱镕基。

他强调世界范围内的平等与公正。

② Not until we know more will we be able to improve the

situation. 直到我们了解的情况更多之后我们才能改善

这种局面。

句①中，要注意主句部分用了倒装语序，其陈述语序应

为China's then Premier Zhu Rongji was among the

speakers。这里是为了使句子平衡，使上下文衔接紧

密，将表语部分提前构成了倒装语序。全部倒装是将

句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前，通常只用于一

般现在时和一般过去时。例如：

Present at the meeting were Professor Li and many oth-

er scientists. 出席会议的有李教授和其他科学家。

Gone are the days when we were happy and gay. 我们

幸福快乐的时光过去了。

注意：全部倒装句型中，主语必须是名词，如果主语是

人称代词．则不能完全倒装。例如：

In he came and the lesson began. 他来了，课就开始了。

Here he comes．他来了。

句②中。要注意：句首为否定或半否定的词语。如no,

not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no

way, not until...等，句子要用部分倒装。部分倒装是

指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之

前。如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添

加助动词do，does或did，并将其置于主语之前。例

如：

Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers

　realize how serious the pollution was．直到河里的鱼都

死了。村民才意识到污染多么严重。

[考例1](2004上海) ____ snacks and drinks, but

they also brought cards for entertainment when they

had a picnic in the forest.

　　 A. Not only they brought

　　 B. Not only did they bring

　　 C. Not only brought they

　　 D. Not only they did bring

[考查目标]本题考查考生对Not only置于句首的倒装

结构的运用能力。

[答案与解析]B　 表否定含义的连接词not only位于

句首时用部分倒装。选项A、D没有倒装，首先排除；选

项C为全部倒装，也应排除。

[考点2]Ash and bits of rock that were burnt black were

falling onto the ship now, darker and more, the closer

they went. 灰尘和烧黑的石块落到船上，他们越是靠近，

石块也越来越黑、越来越多。

the more...the more这一结构意为“越……，越……”，

前者为从句，后者为主句。本句中．主句、从句语序颠

倒，并省略了从句中的the。例如：

The more you practice, the more perfect you will be.

你练得越多就越熟练。

The smaller the room or the more people in it, the fas-

ter the air becomes bad. 房子越小或里边的人越多，空

气变坏得就越快。

[考例Z](2002上海) As far as I am coneerned, educa-

tion is　 abOUt　 learning　 and the　 more　 you learn.

　　 A. the more for life are you equipped

　　 B. the more equipped for life you are

　　 C. the more 1ife you are equipped for

　　 D. you are equipped the more for life

[考查目标]本题考查the more...the more的用法。

[答案与解析]B　 本题中，从给出的语境the more you

learn，并结合所给选项．可确定考查句型the more...

the more，所以首先排除D项。再根据本题意为“我认

为教育是有关学习的事情．你学的越多，对生活的准备

就越充分”。不难得出答案为B项。

[考点3]Had I known that air conditioners cause so much

pollution, I would never have bought one. 要是我以前知

道空调能造成大量的污染，我就不会买了。

本句中，要注意虚拟语气的省略。在if引导的虚拟条

件句中，若有were, had, should，在书面语中可省去If，

将were，had，should等提到主语前，形成倒装。例如：

Were it not for his illness, he could do better. 要不是生

病了，他会做得更好。

Had I known your address, I would have written to

you. 我以前要是知道地址．就会给你写信了。

Should it rain tomorrow, he would not come. 万一明天

下雨，他就不会来了。

[考例3](2001上海)What would have happened, ____

　　　 as far as the riverbank?

A. Bob had walked farther

　　 B. if Bob should walk farther

　　 C. had Bob walked farther

　　 D. if Bob walked farther

[考查目标]本题考查虚拟语气的省略。

[答案与解析]C　 虚拟语气中，条件从句中的if可以

省略。但主语与动词必须易位；只有were，should，had

等可以放在主语前形成疑问句的词才有此用法。选项

A中。省略了if，但没有使用倒装；选项B、D中，时态

有误。

[考点4]A better understanding of the environment is

necessary, as is the willingness to act. 更好地了解环境是

必要的。这是心甘情愿的行动。

本句中’as引导定语从句．指代整句话的内容，可置于

句首、句中或句末，表示“正如……”。

[考例4](2003上海) ____ has been announced,

we shall have our final exams next month.

　　 A. That　　 B. As　　 C. It　　 D. What

[考查目标]本题考查as引导定语从句的用法。

[答案与解析]B　 根据句义可知，本题为定语从句。而

it，what均不能引导定语从句，that引导定语从句时不

能放在句首。

[牛刀小试3]

6. You can pick out the important bits, for it is one thing

　　 to write a letter, another to write history, one thing to

　　 write to a friend, another to write for the public.

　　 你可以择要摘取，因为写信是一回事，写历史足另一

　　 回事；跟朋友通信是一回事，为公众撰稿又是另一回

　　 事。

　　 句型：“It is one thing to do sth.，(it is) another

　　 (thing) to do sth.” 表示“做……是一回事，做……又

　　 足另一旧事”。在这个并列句中，后半句中的it is和

　　 thing 可以省略，而不影响原句的意义，义如：

　　 It is one thing to say, another to do.

　　 说是一回事，做又是一回事。

5. And if poverty is less of a problem and people are

　　 better educated，there is a good chance that we will

　　 see less violence and fewer wars.

　　 如果贫穷的问题有所改善．如果人们能受到更好的

　　 教育，我们身边的暴力和战争可能就会减少。

　　 There is a good chance (that)...该句型可以表示“有

　　 可能发生某事”，chance在这里是“可能”的意思。又

　　 如：

　　 There is a good chance that I'll finish the work

　　 tomorrow.

　　 明天我很有可能会完成这项丁作。

4. A better understanding of the envinmment is necessary, as

　　 is the willingness to act.

　　 更好地了解环境是必要的，参与的愿望也同样是必

　　 要的。

　　 as 此处的用法与so相同，承受前示从句之语。

　　 She plays the piano, as / so does her mother.

　　 她和她母亲一样会弹钢琴。

3. -- Not until we know more will we be able to improve the

　 situation.

　 我们只有了解更多，才能去改善环境。

　 注意掌握until的以下三种句式：

　 1)陈述句：

　 Jack didn't go to bed until his mother got home.

　 直到妈妈回家了，杰克才去睡觉。

　 2)倒装句：

　 Not until his mother got home did Jack went to bed.

　 区到妈妈回家了，杰觅才去睡觉。

　 义如：Not until I began to work did 1 realize how

　 much time I had wasted.

　 直到我开始工作了，我才意识到我浪费了很多时间。

　 3)强调句：

　 It was not until his mother got home that Jack went to

　 bed.

　 直到妈妈回家了，杰克才去睡觉。

　 义如：It was not until she took off her dark glasses

　 that I recognized she was a famous film star.

　　 直到她取下她的墨镜后我才认出她是位著名的影星。

2. Among the speakers was China's then Premier Zhu

　 Rongji, who stressed the need for equalily and

　 fairness in the world.

　 在发言者中有当时中国的总理朱镕基，他强调了在

　 世界上平等和公平的必要性。

　 本句中的主句部分是一个倒装句，其正常语序为：

　 China's then Premier Zhu Rongji wan among the

　 speakers. 这里用了倒装语序，一方面是为了使上下

　 文衔接紧密，把表语提前；另一方面是为了句子平

　 衡，因为这里的主语很长，其后还有一个非限制性定；

　 语从句，又如：

　 Present at the meeting was Professor Liu, who came

　 from Wuhan University.

　 出席这次大会的有刘教授，来自武汉大学。

　 Gone are the days when Chinese people suffered a great

　 deal from cold and hunger.

　 中国人民饱受饥寒之苦的日子一去不复返了。