4. -- Why haven't you bought any butter?

　 -- I ____ to but I forgot about it.

3. I have ____ a lot through reading widely, for it

　 enriches my knowledge.

2. However late he is, his wife will stand at the gate

　 ____ for him to come back.

1. -- What has ____ to him, do you know?

　　 --I hope nothing has happened to my friend.

8. trust vt. & vi. 相信；信任，信赖；有信心

　 Don't trust him--he's not telling the truth.

　 不要相信他，他说的不是真话。

　 We trust him because we know he has never deceived

　 anyone.

　 我们信任他，因为我们知道他从来没有欺骗过任何人。

[考点6]wait的用法

▲ 构词：

① waiter n. (餐厅)男服务员；侍者

② waitress n. (餐厅)女服务员；(女)侍者

③ waiting room n. 候车室；候诊室；候机室

④ await v. 等待 (比wait正式)

▲ 搭配：

① wait for sb. / sth 等待／等候某人／某物

② wait one's + n. 等待

③ wait one's turn 等待轮到某人

④ wailt one's chance / opportunity / time / hour等待时

　 机

⑤ wait one's arrival 等待某人的到来

⑥ wait one's convenience 等到方便时

⑦ wait on / upon sb 伺候；服侍；侍候

⑧ wait in line 排队等候

⑨ wait a minute 等一下

▲ 句型：

① have a long wait for... 长时间等……

② wait to do sth 等着做某事

③ wait for sb. / sth to do sth 等待某人／某物干某事

④ Wait and see. 等着看；你很快就会知道／明白／清楚的

⑤ can't wait to do sth 希望；盼望；急于想干某事；迫不

　 及待地十某事；一心想干某事

[考例6](2004北京) ____ in the queue for half an

hour. Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet

at home.

　　 A. To wait　　 B. Have waited

　　 C. Having waited 　　D. To have waited

[考查目标]考查非谓语动词作状语的用法。

[答案与解析]C　 Having waited 的动作发生在谓语动

词realized之前。

[牛刀小试 l]

用所给单词的适当形式填空：

(act, benefit, wait, happen, speak, mean)

10. speech

　 speech 用作可数名词时，意为“演说”(talk or address

　 given in public)。

　 [搭配] make / deliver / give a speech 发言；演说

　 He made a very boring after-dinner speech.

　 他在宴会后的讲话很枯燥。

　 speech 作不可数名词用时，意为“语言；说话的能力；

　 方式”等 (power, manner, act of speaking)。

　 It is said that speech is silver while silence is gold.

　 人们说占语是银，沉默是金。

12. separate a. & vt.

　　 1) separate 可用作形容词，意思是“单独的；分开

　　 的”。

　　 The children sleep in separate beds.

　　 孩子们都睡在各自的床上。

　　 They lead separate lives.

　　 他们各自单独生活。　　 ．

　　 2) separate 还可用作动词，意思是“(使事物或人与

　　 人)分离；分开”，常与介词 from 搭配。

　　 This patient should be separated from the others.

　　 这个病人应该隔离。

　　 England is separated from France by the Channel.

　　 英国和法国之间隔着英吉利海峡。

[考点7]speak的用法

▲构词：

① speaker n. 说话人；演讲人，演说家；演说者；扬声器；

　 喇叭

② loudspeaker = speaker 扬声器；喇叭

③ speech n. 演说；演讲

④ spoken adj. 口头的

⑤ English-speaking (countries / secretary) 说英语的

　 (国家／秘书)；spoken English 英语口语

▲ 搭配：

① speak of / about sb / sth 谈到，提及，谈及，谈论

② speak to / with sb (about sth) 对某人讲某事，与某

　 人谈某事

③ speak out (尤指沉默后)大胆公开地说出来

④ speak loudly = speak in a loud voice 大声地说

⑤ speak / tell the truth 说实话；讲真话

⑥ speak English 说英语

⑦ speak very well / highly of 称赞；赞扬

⑧ speak ill / poorly of 说某人坏话／对某人评价不好

⑨ speak one's mind 说心里话；直言不讳；坦率地说出自

　 己的想法

⑩ so to speak 可谓，可以说

⑩ speak on TV to sb 在电视上对某人讲话

⑩ speak on / over the radio 在收音机中讲话

⑩ speak at the meeting 在会上发言

⑩ generally / properly / frankly / strictly / exactly /

　 honestly speaking 一般／大体／坦白／严格／精确／诚实

　 说来

▲ 常用电话用语

-- Who is that (speaking)?

-- This is…(speaking). = ...speaking.

-- Who's that? 你是哪位?

-- This is Mary speaking. 我是玛丽。

May / Could / Can I speak to...? 请找……接电话好

吗?

▲ 友情提示：后接(某种)语言时为及物动词。其余多为

不及物动词。

[考例7](NMET 1995)

-- What did you think of her speech?

-- She ____ for one hour but didn't ____

　 much.

　　 A. spoke; speak　　 B. spoke; say

　　 C. said; speak　　 D. said; say

[考查目标] 考查动词的辨析与搭配。

[答案与解析]B speak表示说话的能力，可以用作vt.

/vi.；say sth (to sb.) 表示“对某人说……”。

2. range v. & n.

　 1) v. 在……范围内变化；变动

　 Prices range from 5 dollars to 10 dollars.

　 价格自五美元至十美元不等。

　 The increase ranged from several to several dozen

　 times.

　 增长几倍至几十倍不等。

　 2) n. 行列，范围

　 We discussed a very wide range of questions at the

　 meeting.

　 会上我们讨论了十分广泛的问题。

[考点2]range 的用法

▲搭配：

① range of vision 视野

② a range of buildings 一排排建筑物

③ within range 在范围内

④ out of range 在范围外；在射程外

[考例2](2001上海)

-- Can you shoot that bird at the top of the tree?

-- No, it's out of ____.

　　 A. range　　 B．reach

　　 C. control　　 D. distance

[考查目标]考查固定搭配。

[答案与解析]A　 没能射到鸟的原因是鸟在射程外

(out of range)。

4. freezing

　 1) adj. 极冷的，冰冻的

　 On a freezing night the old man was found dead.

　 在一个冰冷的夜晚，人们发现那个老人死了。

　 2) adv. 极冷地，冰冻地

　 It is freezing cold outside.

　 3) n. 冰点，凝固点

　 It was five degrees below freezing.

　 温度是零下5度。

　 The air temperature was now well above freezing.

　 气温高出冰点好多度。

[考点4]happen的用法

▲ 搭配：happen on／upon偶然发现

▲ 句型：

① sth happen (不能用于被动语态)发生某事

② sth happen to sb / sth 某人出／发生了某事

③ sb happen + 不定式(不定式可根据时间关系选用to

　 do sth；to be + n. / adj. / adv. / prep. phrase；to

　 be doing sth；to have done sth。其否定形式可在

　 happen前加don't或didn't，也可在不定式前加not)

　 碰巧……

④ Do you happen to know...? 你可知道……?

⑤ It (so) happened that clause 碰巧

⑥ as it happens 碰巧；偶然

⑦ whatever happens 无论发生什么情况

⑧ There happened to be... 碰巧有……

▲辨析：happen；take place；occur；come about

该组词均表示“发生”，均为不及物动词或动词短语。

该组词均含“发生”之意，但happen多指具体的、不可预

料的事情的发生，强调偶然性，表示具体事情的发生时

可与occur互换。另外happe~还有“碰巧”之意。take

place意为“发生，举行”，多指预先计划或预料之中的事

情，没有偶然性。occur用法较正式，即可指自然发生，

也可指有意安排，常与happen换用，但更强调突然性。

come about往往注重事情发生的原因，常与how连用。

例如：

No matter what happens，you should keep calm. 无论发

生什么事，你都要保持冷静。

ln 1919, the May 4th Movement took place in China.

1919年，中国发生了“五四”运动。

Don't let the mistake occur again. 别让这样的错误再次

发生。

Tell me how the accident came about. 告诉我这起事故

是怎样发生的。

[考例4](2004辽宁)l don't know whether you happen

____, but I'm going to study in the U. S. A. this

September.

　　 A. to be heard　　 B. to be hearing

　　 C. to hear　　 D. to have heard

[考查目标] 非谓语动词在语境中的时态中的运用。

[答案与解析]D happen后面必须接动词不定式，而

t ohave heard 强调影响和结果。

[考点1l]kind 的用法

▲ 构词：

① unkind adj. 不仁慈的；刻薄的；无情的；不亲切的

② kindness n. 仁慈；善良；和蔼，慈祥；好意

③ kindly adj. 亲切的；友善的；友好的，和蔼的

④ kindly adv. 和蔼地；仁慈地；亲切地

⑤ kind-hearted adj. 好心(肠)的；仁慈的

⑥ kindliness n. 好心；仁慈

▲搭配：

① a kind of 一种；一类；可以说是

② all kinds of 各种各样的

③ kind of 有点儿；几分

④ be (very / so) kind to sb. 对某人(非常)友好；对某人

　 (非常)和蔼

⑤ out of kindness 出于好意

▲句型：

① sb be (very) kind to do sth 多谢某人做某事

② It's (very) kind of sb to do sth 多谢某人做某事

③ That's (very) kind of sb 某人真太好了

④ Will / Would you be so kind as to do sth?

⑤ Will / Would you be kind enough to do sth?

⑥ Will / Would you kindly do sth?

⑦ Will / Would you have the kindness to do sth?

⑧ Please have the kindness to do sth?

⑨ Will / Would you (please) do sth?

以上均为邀请或请求对方做某事的表达。

⑩ What kind of + 单数名词…?哪一种……?

▲辨析：kind；sort；type

三者都是名词，都有“种类”的意思。kind是指属于同

种类的东西，有极相似的特质。sort表示比较笼统、模

糊的大体上相似的东西。在实际使用时，两者没有什

么区别。type表示“类型”，比较具体、肯定。例如：

What sort of book do you want? 你要一本什么样的书?

We have bought some new types of planes. 我们买了几

种新型飞机。

[考例11]____ to have invited us to the party.

A. They will be very kind

B. It's very kind for them

C. It's very kind of them

D. It's very kind that they

[考查目标]考查句型。

[答案与解析]C It's very kind of sb. to do sth 某人做

某事真是太好了。表示人的性质或特征要用介词o，。

[考点8]mean 的用法

▲ 构词：

① meaning n. 意义；意思，含义

② meaningful adj. 有意义的；意义深远的

③ meaningless adj. 无意义的

▲ 搭配：

① be meant to 必须；不得不

② be meant for sth 注定适于某种用途

③ mean no harm 不怀恶意

④ mean what sb say 说话算数

▲ 句型：

① sb mean to do sth 打算干……；意欲干……

② sb meant to do / have done sth = sb had meant t0 do

　 sth 某人本打算干……

③ didn't mean to do sth 不是故意干某事的；本不想干

　 某事的

④ mean doing 意味着

⑤ mean sb to do sth 打算要某人做某事

⑥ mean sth / that…意思；表明；表示

⑦ I see what you mean. 我明白／知道你的意思。

⑧ What do you mean by (doing) sth? ……是什么意

　 思?

⑨ What does...mean? = What's the (English / Chi-

　 nese) meaning of...? = What's...in English / Chi-

　 nese? = What's the English / Chinese for...? =

　 What do you call...in English / Chinese? = How do

　 you say / express...in English / Chinese? 英语／汉

　 语／……是什么意思?

⑩ It means (that) clause 那就意味着……

⑩ Do you mean to say (that)…? 你的意思是……?

⑩ You mean... 你的意思是说……

[考例8][2001京、皖春招]

-- Why haven't you bought any butter?

-- I ____ to but I forgot about it．

　　 A. liked　　 B. wished

　　 C. meant　 D. expected

[考查目标] 本题考查mean的词义。

[答案与解析]C　 mean后跟不定式的时候意思是“打

算做某事”。在简答句中用mean to。

[考点5]provide的用法

▲句型：

① provide sb sth 提供

② provide sb. with sth 给某人提供某物

③ provide sth for sb. 给某人提供某物

④ provide that... 规定

⑤ providing that... 如果，倘若

▲辨析：give；offer；provide；supply

该组词均有“供给，供应”之意，它们之间的主要区别在

结构上。

① give 常见结构有：give sb. sth = give sth to sb；

② offer 强调“主动提供”。常见结构有：offer sth；offer

　 sb sth = offer sth to sb；offer to do sth

③ provide 常见结构有：provide sth；provide sb sth；

　 provide + 供应品for + 人或机构；provide + 人或

　 机构with + 供应品；

④ supply常见结构有：supply + 人或机构 with + 供应

　 品；supply + 供应品 to / for + 人或机构；be sup-

　 plied with sth 装配着……

The trip in the U. S．gave me great pleasure. 美国之行

使我非常快乐。

He offered me his help. = He offered his help to me. =

He offered to help me. = He made an offer to help me.

= He made an offer of help to me. 他主动提出要帮我。

The school provides the children with breakfast. = The

school provides the children breakfast. = The school

provides breakfast for the children. 学校向孩子们提供

早餐。

The government supplied money and clothes to the pep-

pie in the flooded area free of charge. 政府向灾区人民

免费提供钱款和衣物。

▲ 友情提示：当牵涉到金钱时，provide往往意味着“免

费供给／供应”，而supply则不明确，一般说来“给某人

提供某物”时须给钱。

[考例5]"The villagers provided the soldiers ____

food." means "The villagers provided food ____ the

soldiers."

　　 A. with; with　　 B. for; for

　　 C. with; for　　 D. for; with

[考查目标] 考查动词固定短语的搭配。

[答案与解析]C provide sb with sth = provide sth

for sb.

9. forbid vt.

　 forbid 是一个不规则动词(forbad / forbade,

　 forbidden)，其词义为order (sb.) not to do sth.；

　 order that sth. should not be done; not allow 禁止；不

　 许。forbid 的常见用法有：

　 1) forbid 后跟复合结构。

　 My parents forbid me to stay out at night.

　 我的父母不许我在外面过夜。

　 2) forbid 后跟名词或代词作宾语。

　 The government decided to forbid the meeting.

　 政府决定禁止这次集会。

　 3) forbid 后跟动名词作宾语。

　 The manager forbids smoking during office hours.

　 经理不许上班时抽烟。