Conquer the desires，or they will conquer you．你如不能战胜欲念，欲念将要战胜你。

An Englishm an who could not speak Chinese was once travelling in China．一个英国人，不会说中国话，有一次在中国旅行。

Soccer is a difficult sport．(1)A player must be able to run steadily without rest．(2)Sometimes a player must hit the ball with his or her head．(3)Players must be willing to bang into and be banged into by others．(4) They must put up with aching feet and sore muscles．

上面的这则短文中，主题句(main idea sentence)也就是文章的中心是第一句，(1)(2)(3)(4)句是用来说明主题句的。

而在汉语中，我们习惯于先分后总，先说原因后说结果，即所谓的“前因后果”，如果要表达相同的意思，我们通常这样说：

足球运动员必须能不停地奔跑，有时得用头顶球，撞别人或被别人撞，必须忍受双脚和肌肉的疼痛，所以说，足球运动是一项难度大的运动。

再比如写下面一则便条，因你母亲突然生病，周末你不能和汤姆去跳舞了，你找了舞跳得很好的时黛来代替你，并表示抱歉。

此英语便条为：

July 6，2008

Dear Tom，

I am sorry to inform you that I won't be able to go to dance with you this weekend． My mother is suddenly takenill．In order not to disappoint you，I have asked Shi Dai to take my place．She is a better dancer，I think．My regrets．

Joe

从便条中可以看出，英语表达先“果”-I won't be able to go to dance with you this weekend后“因”-my mother is suddenly taken ill，即所谓的“先果后因”。

一般来说，在单个句子中，英语句子也是先中心，也就是将主要思想、结果放在句首，放在主句里表达；而汉语正相反，一般为后中心，主要的观点、信息往往放在句末。如：

He had to stay at hom e yesterday because he was ill．因为他病了，昨天他不得不呆在家里。

Tragedies can be written in literature since there is tragedy in life．生活中既然有悲剧，文学作品就可以写悲剧。

所以说，大学生用英文写作时，就要按照英美人的思维模式进行思考，也就是说要学会用英语进行思维，避免写出中国式的英语。

2、Weak: I need her financial input before I can guesstimate our expenditures next fall.

Improved: I need her financial figures before I can estimate our expenditures next fall.

第四篇 错误篇

(1)英语写作常见错误与分析

下面我们对一些在英语写作中典型的病句实例逐一加以剖析． 一． 不一致(Disagreements) 所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致　时态不一致及代词不一　致等． 例1． When one have money ,he can do what he want to . (人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么．) 剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has ;同理，want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致． 改为：　Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do) 二． 修饰语错位(Misplaced Modifiers) 英语与汉语不同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化．对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解．例1． I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus. 剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末． 三． 句子不完整(Sentence Fragments) 在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解．可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生． 例1． There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on . 剖析：本句后半部分＂for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句． 改为：There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper. 四． 悬垂修饰语(Dangling Modifiers) 所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清．例如：At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中＂at the age of ten＂只点出十岁时，但没有说明” 谁”十岁时．按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了． 改为： When I was ten, my grandfather died. 例1． To do well in college, good grades are essential. 剖析：句中不定式短语 “to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚． 改为： To do well in college, a student needs good grades. 五． 词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech) “词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等． 例1． None can negative the importance of money. 剖析：negative 系形容词，误作动词。 改为： None can deny the importance of money. 六． 指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns) 指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句： Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid. (玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。) 读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为： Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid. 例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself. 剖析：句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为： We can also know society by serving it ourselves. 七． 不间断句子(Run-on Sentences) 什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。 例1． There are many ways we get to know the outside world. 剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。 改为： There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或： There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world 八． 措词毛病(Troubles in Diction) Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲，拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。 例1． The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution. (农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。) 剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。 改为： The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution. 九． 累赘(Redundancy) 言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子。如： In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him. 本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为：In spite of his laziness, I like him. 例1． For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need. 剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。 改为： Diligent, caring people use money only to buy what they need. 十． 不连贯(Incoherence) 不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。 例1． The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth. 剖析：The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。It 与things 在数方面不一致。 改为： Fresh water is the most important thing in the world. 十一． 综合性语言错误(Comprehensive Misusage) 所谓“综合性语言错误”，是指除了上述十种错误以外，还有诸如时态，语态，标点符号，大小写等方面的错误。 例1．Today, Money to everybody is very importance, our’s eat, cloth, live, go etc.

(2)应用定语从句易犯的小错误

由于定语从句的结构和用法比较复杂，初学者在使用时往往容易犯一些错误，最常见的有如下七种：

1、Weak: They will not agree to his proposals in any shape or form.

Improved: They will not agree to any of his proposals.

4、Redundant: My sister and I bought the same, identical dress in different stores.

Improved: My sister and I bought the same dress in different stores.

3、Redundant: We had a serious crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry laboratory caught fire.

Improved: We had a crisis at school yesterday when our chemistry laboratory caught fire.

2、Wordy: We are in receipt of your letter and intend to follow your recommendations.

Improved: We have received your letter and intended to follow your recommendation.

1、Wordy: My little sister has a preference for chocolate milk.

Improved: My little sister prefers chocolate milk.

2、Weak: The biscuits were stacked on a plate.

Better: Mother stacked the biscuits on a plate.