11. as a/the result of：由于… as a result：结果，因此 result from：因…而引起 result in=cause：导致，致使…

10. die out：(家族、物种等)死光，灭绝； 　　　　　　　　　 (习俗、做法、观念)消失，过时；(火)熄灭 die away：(风、声音、光线等)逐渐停止(消失) die down：(指炉火等)渐熄；(指骚动等)渐平息；(指闹声)消失 die off：先后死去了；…死去 die of：死于内因(如疾病、年老、饥饿、情感等) die from：死于外因(如损伤、事故、天灾等)

9. be harmful to sb/sth do sb/sth harm do harm to sb/sth do sb/sth good do good to sb/sth

8. respond (vi)+ to…：对…回应 respond (vi)+ with/by：以…(方式)回答，响应 resonse (n.)

7. expensive/cheap valuable/valueless priceless=very expensive：无价的

6. in case of+短语 in case+从句 in no case决不 in any case无论如何 in that case如果那样

5. be/stay/keep+in touch with 表状态 be out of touch with get in touch with 表动作 lose touch with

4. success n.(U)成功，(C)成功者/事 　　 succeed v.　 successful a. successfully ad. 　　 be successful in (doing) sth 　　 succeed in doing sth 成功做某事 　　 have success in doing sth 　　 Sb/sth is a success.

3. add…to…：把…加上(在)… 　　 add to=increase：增添，增进 　　 add up (to)：加(起来是)，总计达…

2. remind sb of/about sth 提醒 　 remind sb to do sth 　 remind sb that-clause 使人回忆起…