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(三)作强调词,构成强调结构

    用以帮助改变句子结构,使句子的某一成分受到强调。“It is (was) + 所强调的成分 + that (who) + 其它成分。”在这个句型中,it本身没有词义。详见“一、强调句”。

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(二)作无人称代词

    it作无人称代词时,除了句中找不到它所代表的词语外,另一个特点是它后面的内容都是表示天气、时间、距离、度量衡及情况等。

    It is fine (rainy, windy, etc.).

    It is noon.

    It is a half hour’s walk to the factory.

    It is eighteen square metres in area.

    What does it matter?

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5、it与that的区别:两词都可代替某一特定名词,但that指同一类,并非同一个。

    e.g. The climate of South China is mild(温和的); I like it very much.(it指the climate of South China)

        The climate of South China is much better than that of Japan.(that指the climate)

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4、it与one的区别:这两个词都可以代表前面说过的名词,但it用于同名同物的场合;one则用于同名异物的场合。

    e.g. ---- Do you still have the bicycle?     ---- No, I have sold it.

        ---- Is this knife yours?     ---- No. It is Xiao Zhang’s. Mine is the one on the desk.

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3、在某些习惯说法中,可以代替人。

    e.g. ---- Someone is knocking at the door, Peter.  ---- Who is it?     ---- It’s me.

        ---- Who are singing?      ---- It is the children.

        ---- The light is still on in the lab. It must be the third-year students doing the experiment.

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2、代替有生命但不能或不必分阴阳性的东西(包括婴儿)。

e.g. Yesterday we saw a big tree. It was fully twenty metres high. (it代替前面的tree)

    The baby cried because it was hungry. (it代替前面的baby)

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(一)作人称代词

1、it代替前面(或后面)的单数名词或分句等所表示的事物。

    e.g. You cannot eat your cake but have it.(it代替前面的cake)

        Although we cannot see it, there is air all around us. (it代替后面的air)

        They say he has left town, but I don’t believe it. (it代替前面They…town分句中的情况)

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2、注意:此种强调只用do/ does和did ,没有别的形式;过去时用did ,后面的谓语动词用原形。

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1、It is/ was … that … 结构不能强调谓语,如果需要强调谓语时,用助动词do/ does或did。

    e.g. Do sit down. 务必请坐。

        He did write to you last week. 上周他确实给你写了信。

        Do be careful when you cross the street. 过马路时,务必(千万)要小心啊!

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2、注意:此句型只用until,不用till。但如果不是强调句型,till, until可通用;因为句型中It is/ was not … 已经是否定句了,that后面的从句要用肯定句,切勿再用否定句了。

(三)谓语动词的强调

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