“统计”是在初中“统计初步”基础上的深化和扩展,本讲主要会用样本的频率分布估计总体的分布,并会用样本的特征来估计总体的分布。
预测2007年高考对本讲的考察是:
1.以基本题目(中、低档题)为主,多以选择题、填空题的形式出现,以实际问题为背景,综合考察学生学习基础知识、应用基础知识、解决实际问题的能力;
2.变量的相关性
①通过收集现实问题中两个有关联变量的数据作出散点图,并利用散点图直观认识变量间的相关关系;
②经历用不同估算方法描述两个变量线性相关的过程。知道最小二乘法的思想,能根据给出的线性回归方程系数公式建立线性回归方程。
1.用样本估计总体
①通过实例体会分布的意义和作用,在表示样本数据的过程中,学会列频率分布表、画频率分布直方图、频率折线图、茎叶图,体会他们各自的特点;
②通过实例理解样本数据标准差的意义和作用,学会计算数据标准差;
③能根据实际问题的需求合理地选取样本,从样本数据中提取基本的数字特征(如平均数、标准差),并作出合理的解释;
④在解决统计问题的过程中,进一步体会用样本估计总体的思想,会用样本的频率分布估计总体分布,会用样本的基本数字特征估计总体的基本数字特征;初步体会样本频率分布和数字特征的随机性;
⑤会用随机抽样的基本方法和样本估计总体的思想,解决一些简单的实际问题;能通过对数据的分析为合理的决策提供一些依据,认识统计的作用,体会统计思维与确定性思维的差异;
⑥形成对数据处理过程进行初步评价的意识。
23. He was unable to make such progress, ____.
A. hard as he tried B. as hard he tried C. hard he has tried D. tried hard as he
22. No sooner ____ they rushed out into the street. A. did they hear the news than
B. did they hear the news when C. had they heard the news than D. had they heard the news when
21. ---- David has made great progress recently. ---- ____, and ____. A. So he has, so have you B. So he has, so you have C. So has he, so have you D. So has he, so you have
20. ____, he would have passed the exam.
A. If he were to study B. If he studied hard C. Had he studied hard D. Should he study hard
19. ____ was his kindness that everyone praised him.
A. It B. What C. So D. Such
18. ---- This store has such high prices. ---- I agree. Never again ____ here.
A. I will shop B. will I shop C. I do shop D. shop I
17. It was not until she came to see us ____ her mother was ill in bed.
A. when we knew B. that did we knew C. that we knew D. that did we know
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