(六)宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词(如make等+宾语+宾补)。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。一句话语法: 宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.例如：

　His father named him Dongming.(名词)

　They painted their boat white.(形容词)

　Let the fresh air in.(副词)

　You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)

　We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)

　We found everything in the lab in good order.(介词短语)

　We will soon make our city what your city is now.(从句)

　(五)宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。一句话语法:宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构,这点非常重要,务必要牢记.例如：

　They went to see an exhibition(展览)yesterday.(名词)

　The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.(代词)

　How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.(数词)

　They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)

　He pretended not to see me.(不定式短语)

　I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)

　I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)

　宾语种类：(1)双宾语(间接宾语+直接宾语)，例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.(2)复合宾语(宾语+宾补)，例如：They elected him their monitor.

　(四)表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。一句话语法: 表语使用形容词,不用副词! 例如：

　Our teacher of English is an American.(名词)

　Is it yours?(代词)

　The weather has turned cold.(形容词)

　The speech is exciting.(分词)

　Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)

　His job is to teach English.(不定式)

　His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)

　The machine must be out of order.(介词短语)

　Time is up. The class is over.(副词)注意: 副词可以做表语的只有几个,非常简单,考试不考,所以上面说:表语使用形容词,不用副词! 我们所复习的语法直接针对高考,不是搞语法研究,这点请大家一定要记住.

　The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)

　(三)谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。一句话语法: 谓语由动词充当. 有很多同学在写作的时候容易犯的错误就是要么乱用be动词,要么句子没有谓语动词. 谓语的构成如下：

　1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：He practices running every morning.

　2、复合谓语：(1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要. 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如：We are students.

　(二)主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。一句话语法: 主语由名词性的词来充当. 例如：

　During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.(名词)

　We often speak English in class.(代词)

　One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)

　To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)

　Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)

　The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)

　When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)

　It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式)

　(一)句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

22．已知为数列的前项和，，

(1)若，求的通项公式；

(2)若恒成立，求取值范围。

(附加题20分)已知数列的首项，

(1)求的通项公式；(2)证明：对任意的；

(2)证明：

21．数列中，

(1)求证为等差数列，并求通项公式；

(2)设，求数列的前项和

20．某组合体的三视图如下：俯视图的外形为正六边形，表示直径，求其表面积和体积。

19．中，，

(1)求(2)求的长；(3)若是的中点，求中线的长。