2．铺写人物的年龄教养。借此以显示人物的成长过程。如《焦仲卿妻》中的刘兰芝：“十三能织素，十四学裁衣，十五弹箜篌，十六诵诗书。”以突现兰芝的知书达理、聪明能干。

1．销写人物的服饰装扮。借此以显示人物的身分和外表。如汉代《陌上桑》中描写秦罗敷的装束：“头上倭堕髻，耳中明月珠。湘绮为下裙，紫绮为上襦。”意在突现罗敷的端庄和美貌。

2.get,gain,win,earn

get是最普遍的词，在非正式场合可以替代几乎所有的其他动词。

gain暗示目的物需要努力奋斗才能得到，强调获得的过程。

win指在竞争、战争、比赛中获胜，并可能由此得到奖赏。

earn通常用于与金钱、报酬、谋生相关的场合，而且含有这些报酬是应得的意思，暗示获得物与所花的气力是相互成比例的。

应用

(1)I sat in the front of the bus to ______a good view of the countryside.

(2)She______experience while working for the newspaper.

(3)Who is going to ______the elections?

(4)She ______￡1 000 a month.

答案：(1)get　 (2)gained　 (3)win　 (4)earns

典例剖析

[例1] (2004年全国卷Ⅱ,27)______you call me to say you’re not coming,I’ll see you at the theatre.

A.Though　　　　　　　　　　 B.Whether　　　　　　　　　　 C.Until　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.Unless

剖析：从上下文的意思看，从句中需要表示否定含义的引导词，unless在意思上相当于if not,因此选D。

答案：D

[例2] (2004年浙江,35)Anyway,that evening,______I’ll tell you more about later,I ended up staying at Rachel’s place.

A.when　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.where　 　　　　　　　　　　 C.what　　　　　　　　　　　　 D.which

剖析：本题考查非限制性定语从句的用法。本句中的先行词为that evening;关系词在从句中作介词about的宾语。

答案：D

1.accept...as;recognize...as;treat...as...;think of...as...

accept...as...接受或认可(某种演说、说明等)；忍受

recognize ...as公认……

treat ... as ... 把……当作……

think of...as...认为……是……(普通用语)

应用

(1)We now______the car as being essential rather than a luxury.

(2)Immediately after her death,Qiu in was______as a heroine.

(3)You may______the report as true/a fact.

(4)Lawrence’s novel was eventually______as a work of genius.

(5)We have to______things as they are.

(6)He______my words as a joke.

答案：(1)think of　 (2)recognized　 (3)accept　 (4)recognized　 (5)accept　

(6)treated 或thought of

2.“与其说……倒不如……；不只是”的表示法

教材原句

They need recognition, more than sympathy and help.

与其说他们需要同情与帮助，倒不如说他们需要承认。

补充例句

(1)It’s her manner I dislike, more than what she actually says.

我讨厌的倒不是她实际上说些什么，而是她的态度。

(2)She cares far more for her dogs than she does for me.

她关心狗远远胜过关心我。

(3)Chinese is more than a language.

中文不仅仅是一种语言。

*rather than也表此意

(1)He is a politician rather than a statesman.

说他是政治家，不如说他是政客。

(2)It is hot rather than warm.

与其说天气暖和，不如说是热。

(3)I would prefer to stay home rather than go out.

我宁愿留在家里也不愿出去。

疑难突破

1.while 引导的让步状语从句

教材原句

While I may not be able to walk, there are many other great things I can do.

尽管我可能走不了路，但我能做许多其他的了不起的事情。

特别提示

while 可用于表示让步、对照，意为“然而，但是，虽然”。

(1)That region has plenty of natural resources while this one has none.

那个地区自然资源丰富，这个地区却一点也没有。

(2)While I have some sympathy for them, I don’t think they are right.

虽然我对他们有些同情，我却不认为他们是对的。

(3)While she is a likeable girl she can be extremely difficult to work with.

她虽然是一个可爱的姑娘，但有时很难与她共事。

特别提示

可用于这种表示让步关系的连词还有although,though,when等。注意：when引导的让步状语从句，常置于主句之后。

补充例句

(1)They kept digging when they must have known there was no hope.

他们明知没有希望，但还是在不停地挖。

(2)He works when he might retire.

虽然可以退休，他还是工作。

3.be aware of

例句集锦

I’m well(quite)aware of the risk.

我深知那项风险。

She was/became aware of the danger.

她(终于)觉察到危险。

He was aware that he had drunk too much.

他晓得他喝了太多(酒)。

Few of them were aware(of)what a hypocrite he really was.

他们之中很少人知道他实际上是个什么样的伪君子。

Are you aware(of)how much this means to me?

你晓得这对我有多大意义吗？

特别提示

作介词“of”宾语的可数名词、that从句及wh-从句，在接从句时，of常可省略。

●必背句型

2.allow for

例句集锦

The journey usually takes 3 weeks,but you should allow for delays caused by bad weather.

这趟旅行通常需时三周，但是你应该考虑到恶劣天气所造成的延误。

His inexperience should be allowed for.

他的无经验被考虑在内。

Allowing for inflation,the cost of the project is $2 million.

考虑到通货膨胀的因素，这个项目的费用为200万美元。

相关归纳

considering(介词)考虑到；鉴于

Considering the strength of the opposition,we did very well to score two goals.

考虑到对方实力强大，我们进了两个球就很不错了。

John did quite well considering how little he studied.

考虑到约翰才学了那么一点点，他考得已算很不错了。

特别提示

allow for 为动词词组，而considering词性为介词。

1.get/be/come used to

例句集锦

I’m sure I’ll get used to the hard work.

我肯定会习惯艰苦的工作。

I haven’t got used to getting up so early.

我不习惯于起这么早。

After a month she got/become used to English food.

一个月后，她变得习惯于(吃)英国食品。

相关归纳

(1)used to 过去常常

I used to smoke a pipe.

我从前常抽烟斗。

I used to think I’d like to be an astronaut.

我从前想当宇航员。

It used to be believed that the earth was flat.

以前的人相信地球是平的。

(2)be used to 还可表示“被用来”,used动词use的被动形式。

Bamboo is used to make paper.

竹子被用来造纸。

特别提示

be used to doing用法与get used to doing相同，只不过be used to 表示状态，而get used to 表示动作或状态的转变。

6.attempt

例句集锦

n.

He made one last attempt at the world record.

他为破世界记录作了最后一次努力。

They made no attempt at escaping.

他们没有试图逃走。

Zhang Jian made an attempt to swim across the English Channel.

张健试图游过英吉利海峡。

They decreased their production in an attempt to push the prices.

他们减少生产量，以试图抬高价格。

vt.

They attempted a surprise attack.

他们企图偷袭。

The prisoners attempted to escape,but failed.

那些囚犯试图逃走，但失败了。

He attempted breaking the world record.

他试图打破世界纪录。

用法归纳

*attempt 可用作名词和及物动词，意为：努力、尝试、企图、未遂行为； 尝试；试图；试图征服(危险的山、海等)。

特别提示

attempt 用作及物动词表示“试图；企图”时，常含结果失败之意。

●重点短语