1. 终边相同的角

①与(0°≤<360°)终边相同的角的集合(角与角的终边重合): ;

②终边在x轴上的角的集合:;

③终边在y轴上的角的集合：;

④终边在坐标轴上的角的集合：.

加大词汇和句型基础。答题前快速看完相关选项。

(1)注意分2－3段,注意文采

(2)表述句子： 先主谓后状语-I will go first

较长定语放后边

She is a girl with long hair.

The book on the desk is mine.

(3)必用句型： not only...but also..

more and more spend ...doing ...why not...prefer doing ...to doing ...

感叹句

(4)复查所有动词：是否漏掉了动词,是否符合三大黄金法则

例文：Fathers’ Day

My father is not only my best friend but also my best teacher.

In my life, he is like the sun in my heart. When I get into

trouble, he will teach me how to become braver and stronger. At the same time, he always teaches me how to get on well with my classmates and help them. With his help,I have made a lot of friends in my school.

How proud I am !

Fathers’ Day is coming. I am going to send him a present.Thank you , Father, thank you for what you have done for me.

重要得分句型：not only…but alsois like 像，(打比方)

how todoget on well with

感叹句Thank you for what

读原句--识别考点--书写时注意动词的三大黄金法则

A类 初中重点句型的对应

(1) What do you think of ...?- How do you like...?

(2) What is it like ?-How is it ?

(3) Spend … doing sth

spend… onsth-cost - -take…todo--pay ...for …

(4) more than - not as... as

less than　 not so...as

(5) 最高级-比较级

(6) too ... to　 -enough to- so ... that not enough to

(7) so good a book - such a good book

(8) hear from - receive letters from

(9) be afraid of doing - be afraid to do

(10)It's time for sth-It's time to do sth.

(11)prefer doing to doing -prefer to do rather than do-like ... better than

(12)have a good time - enjoy oneself

(13)形式主语it

To learn English is very important.

It代替作形式主语

It is very important to learn English .

(14)What is wrong with you?

-What is the matter with you ?

(15)be busy doing sth. -be busy with sth.

(16)What a good book it is!-How good the book is!

(17)Why not go with us ?-Why don't you go with us?

(18)Hurry up, or you'll be late-If you don't hurry up, you'll...

(19)borrow from -lend to

(20)间接引语变直接引语：“一主二宾三不变”

B类

单句-复合句

(1) not...until

(2)her ...nor ... not only...but also...

(3) What to do -how to do it

I don't know what I should do.

I don't know what to do.

I don't know how to do it.

C类 句意解释

He is the same height as me.

He is as tall as me.

He founded the company

He is the founder of the company.

此类文章词汇一般较简单。认真琢磨第一段第一句话的大

意。弄清全文何时、 何地、何人、何事四大要素之后才填选项。若考语法，则应用语法知识。

切忌未通读文章前边看边填。注意上下文的关联，尤其注意

文中 so、 and、 but 等连词透漏出的答案信息。

答题时间：6--8分钟。力争10分拿到8-9分。

A.冠词：

(1)a/an 的区分：

注意以“U”开头的单词。如果发字母u本身的音/ju：/，前面加a：a useful book, a university, a usual chair；如果发以外的音，前面加an：an unusual chair, an unimportant meeting, an unforgetable experience

(2) 球类运动和三餐饭前不加the

play football ， play table tennis乐器前加the

play the violin，play the piano

(3)a-一个，the-那个

(4)高难度竞赛题a“u”；an“h”；an “s”；an “x”

用汉语拼音给字母注音，如有声母，就用a，如 U-you；如没有声母，就用an，如H-ei qi，S-ai si，X-ai ke si

C. 连词

(1) 连词现象：

Although ，though 与but通常不连用because 与 so 不连用 if (如果)与then 不连用

(2) 就近一致连词

neither...nor , either...or ,not only...but also　 not...but...

(3) 连接句子与to do 形式

because +句子(有完整主谓结构)because of +介词宾语(名词等)

in order to do (in order not to do )　 in order that +句子

so as to　　 so as that +句子　 so...that +句子

too...to do　　 enough to do　　 so good a book that +句子

such a good book that+句子　 so good that+句子

(4) 重要联词的应用

unless(=if not)除非　 or 否则(威胁，劝告)　 as if / as though (仿佛)

even if / even though (即使)　 not...until (直到...才)

D. 介词

(1) 介词+doing 介词+ 代词宾格形式 Neither of us is late.

The book is for you.　 The knife is used for cutting things.

Tom is sitting between him and me.(禁用“I”)

关联记忆：介意 Mind + doing

Would you mind my smoking here？

(2) on in at 的用法：

表时间：on(天优先，只要涉及天的概念就用on)； in(时段)； at (时刻)

on the morning of April 1st.　 on a rainy night 在一个雨天的夜晚

at the same time

(3) 表伴随：

with / without ，或doing　 She is a girl with long hair.

She is a girl wearing a new dress.

(4)表方式： by bike，on foot 没有冠词“a”或名词复数

What time is it by your watch?　 The boss pays us by week.

He beat her with a book.(with后要带a或复数)

speak in English　　 Write in ink

　(5)介词(不加the)+名词

at table 在桌旁，且在吃饭(两层意思)at the table 在桌旁，具体干什么不清楚

at school　 in the school

E. 名词

(1) 单复数特殊变化： 男、女、脚foot-feet、牙、鹅goose-geese、孩子

people(可数名词),sheep, deer(鹿) 单复数同形中、日不变;英、法a-e; 美、德该死(加S)Amercians，Germans

(2) 名词的复数重心转移：

This is an old pair of shoes. I want a new pair .

(3) 带性别的复合词组：

women(变) doctors(变)bus lines(只变最后一词)

F. 动词

(1)动词变化三大黄金法则：主谓一致 ，就近一致， 双动词关系

主谓一致：谓语动词跟着主语发生变化

第三人称单数现象(集体名词做主语)

Our class are playing football now (与人有关的动作)

Our class is a small one (整体)

主谓一致之就近一致(必考)：

There be 句型Either or　 Neither...nor...

not only...but also..　 Not only they but also I am wrong.

时态一致：从句与主句时态一致

He said he had been there for an hour.

He said the sun is bigger than the moon.(自然规律自然现象用一般现在时态)

He said the moon is running around the earth.(错误，应改为一般现在时态)

　时态一致之时态变异(必考)：

A--瞬间动词的-ing形式表将来

The plane is taking off in an hour.　 The old man is dying.(将要死了)

B--条件状语从句：一般现在时表将来

I don't know if he will come tomorrow.　　 If he comes, I will call you.

I will ring you as soon as I finish my work.

I won’t go out until my homework is done.

典型考题：

A-I will go swimming.　　 B-If you go, so will I.

双动词关系：

单句中，若有两个动词(be动词，行为动词，不包括助动词)，他们的关系有四种：

and 连接--动作先后或并列发生，前后形式一致

改为to do--动作未做，准备做　　 改为doing--动作正在做或已做

改为-ed 形式--后一动作被动发生

特例：* 使、让(make ，let， have)

主动不带to，被动带to

make sb. do /make sb not do/be made to do　 let sb. do

* The teacher asked the students to stop talking and to listen to her.

* I have my carrepaired.(我请人修理了我的车。车被人修)

I have repaired my car.(我修理了我的车。现在完成时态)

I have him repair my car.(我让他修我的车。Have ab do sth)

(2)动词分类与句型转换

be 动词 am, is, are, was, were

助动词(1)do, does, did-帮助行为动词做句型转换

(2)have, has, had

will, would, shall, should 帮助表时态

(3)can, may, must, need 帮助表情态

行为动词 like, cry, smile...等等(占99%) 行为动词的所有句型转换均需do家族三兄弟do、does或did帮忙

Be动词、助动词不需任何帮忙

I don't have lunch at home. Neither do you.

(前后主语不一样，Neither do you主谓倒装)

I have been here an hour. So have you.

(前后主语不一样，Neither do you主谓倒装)

A -I bought a new book ,Tom.　　 B -So you did.(I 和you 指同一个人，主谓不倒装)

(3) 初中重点动词短语

四个to后接-ing形式的短语(to在该短语中作介词用)

prefer doing to doing-prefer to do　 prefer to do rather thando

like ... better than...　　 be used to doing (习惯于...)

used to do (过去通常)　　 be used to do (被用来做...)

look forward to doing 盼望　

make a contribution to doing 采取措施/为......做贡献

重要短语或相关词

turn on, turn off, turn up, turn downtake off，land on　

put on, wear, dress, wear out, in red　 eat up, sell out, put away, put off

人花费

spend... (in) doing sth　　 spend on sth

pay... for...　 payment报酬，repay报答

物花费

It takes... to do　 cost　 cost价值

speak in English,　 say it in English,say a word

tell a story, talk about sth.　 talk with sb. talk to sb.

(4) 表事物特征常用一般现在时

The pen writes well.　 The music sounds nice.

The food tastes nice.

G. 形容词、副词

(1)比较　 A=B

as 原形as / not as (so)... as...

A＞B more...than...比较级标志词--than　 A< B less...than...

最高级

典型标志词：in ,of , among

最高级和比较级的转换：

The Changjiang River is the longest river in China.

The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China.

The Changjiang River is longer than any river in India.

A≠B 用比较级解释句子

This food isn't so delicious as　　 that food.

This food is less delicious than　 this food.

或That food is more delicious than this food.

必须掌握的修饰比较级的四个词：

much, a little, even, far　 　He is much taller than Tom.

比较级、最高级的不规则变化：

口诀：两病两多并两好，距离老远少迟到

bad/ill : worse worst

much/many : more most

good/well : better best　 far : farther farthest

further furthest　 old : older oldest

elder eldest　 little :less least

(2) 后接形容词的动词

be 动词

感官动词：look taste smell feel sound

使和让： make let

变与不变： get go change turn keep remain

He looks tired

The food tastes nice so it sells well.

(3) 特殊句型：

比较级 and 比较级......“越来越......”　 more and more 越来越多

He is growing taller and taller.

The +比较级，the +比较级...“越......越......”

The sooner you come, the earlier we would arrive.

She can't be more beautiful!(她漂亮极了。)

I have never seen a more beautiful girl!

She can't help crying.(can’t help doing 忍不住)

She can't wait to open the box.(can’t wait to do 迫不及待)

H. 数词

分数 three sixths= 3/6　 three and three is six　 3+3=6

I want a few more.还要一点　 once more.　 再来一遍

two books more 再来两本书　 a quarter =1/4 three quarters / three fourths = 3/4

200个 two hundred　 几百个：hundreds of

I.代词

介词/代词宾格形式　 all of us，each of them

反身代词： help yourself to ..., Tom.

help yourselves to..., boys.

I study for myself.宾语与主语指向一致，用反身代词

物主代词： yours = your book　 Thank you = Thanks

* something nice　 something else

* another是an other 的缩写　 others = other books

one... the other...

I have two books. One is old, the other is new.(总数为2 ，2-1=1 ，后面的数量为准确的1)

20... the others...

There are forty people in the room. Ten of them are

Young, the others are old.

(总数准确，20-10=10，后面的数量也为准确且超过1)

some... others...

There are a lot of people in the room. Some are Young,

others are old.　 (总数不准确，后面的数量也为不准确)

* 不定代词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数

Is every one here?　 No, they aren’t.

some water一些水　 someone 某个人

　* some time　 sometime　 time 时间　 some times　 sometimes　 times 次数　 一些次数

某次　 * a few　 few

--fewer--fewest　 a little　 little--less--least

掌握技巧：

few：三个字母组成，数量少，数得清，修饰可数名词

little：六个字母组成，数量多，数不清，修饰不可数

a--表示一个，肯定

a few books 有一些书　 few books 没有书

a little water 一些水　 little water 没有水

too much--　 too many　 much too--　 many too(错误书写)

把前面的词划掉，后面的接什么，合起来就可以接什么

英语的“两个与三个”

两个都--both　 两个都不--neither

两者中任何一个--either　 三个都--all

三个都不--all　 三者中任何一个--any

两者之间--between　 三者之间--among

* 也

either ， too，also，as well as

You like English，I like it，too.

You aren’t right, I’m not, either.

He can also swim.

He as well as you is late.

(注意非and连接，根据主语He决定谓语动词形式)

J. 其它

宾语从句

*动词+8w/8h + 主 + 谓(注意主谓不倒装)

正：He asked me where I had been the day before.

误：He asked me where

had

I been the day before.

口语交际三大原则：

学会道谢；学会道歉；学会欣赏和同情。--礼貌原则

学会道谢--别人帮了忙，要感谢；别人没帮上忙，也要感谢，如说“Thank you all the same”；受到别人的称赞，也要感谢。

学会道歉--没帮上别人的忙，要道歉；弄错了，要道歉。

学会表示祝福、欣赏和同情--别人干得好，要给与赞扬；别人开始干某事，要给与祝福；别人遇到不幸的事，要表示同情，如“I am sorry to hear that”。

How和what引导的感叹句

宾语从句一般不用疑问语气(疑问词放在从句句首，但主谓不倒装)。

there be句型--就近一致原则，与have表示“有”的区别。

So

she句型、反意疑问句--注意动词分类即可。

单项选择做题要点：先看选项，认清是什么考点，考什语法点或知识点；再读题进行斟酌。做题速度，2题/分钟。力争15分拿14分！

三大从句

名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句)--可用“什么”代替

诀窍：缺啥补啥，啥都不缺填that

从句为疑问，基本语序为：8w，8h，if或whether+主语+谓语

定语从句--起限定作用，可用“哪一个”之类的词代替

先行词+连接词+句子

连接词：没有what

状语从句--叙述事件发生的时间、地点、原因、目的等背景因素

单项选择做题要点：先看选项，认清是什么考点，考什语法点或知识点；再读题进行斟酌。做题速度，2题/分钟。力争15分拿14分！

5．常见某些元素的特性

　(1)与水反应的最激烈的非金属元素是氟；

　(2)与水反应的最激烈的金属元素是铯；

　(3)单质硬度最大的元素是碳；

　(4)常温下有颜色的气体单质是氟气和氯气；

　(5)稀有气体元素中原子半径最大的是氡；

　(6)原子半径最小(大)的元素是氢(铯)(稀有气体除外)；

　(7)所形成的气态氢化物最稳定的元素是氟；

　(8)正负化合价的代数和为零，且气态氢化物中含氢百分率最高的元素是碳；

　(9)最高价氧化物对应的水化物酸性最强的是氯；

　(10)所形成的化合物种类最多的是碳；

　(11)原子序数、电子层数、未成对电子数三者均相等的是氢

　(12)只有负价并无正价的是氟；

　(13)最轻的金属是锂；

　(14)最轻的气体是氢气；

　(15)同位素之一的原子核中只有质子没有中子的元素是氢；

　(16)最高价氧化物及其水化物具有两性的元素是铝；

　(17)空气中含量最多的元素，或气态氢化物的水溶液呈碱性的元素是氮；

　(18)地壳中含量最多的元素，或气态氢化物的沸点最高的元素，或氢化物在通常情况下呈液态的元素是氧；3．(地壳组成中含量最高的前5种元素　O，Si，Al，Fe，Ca，)

　(19)地壳中含量最多的金属元素是铝；

　(20)最活泼的非金属元素，或无正价的元素，或无含氧酸的非金属元素，或无氧酸(气态氢化物)可以腐蚀玻璃的元素，或气态氢化物最稳定的元素，或阴离子的还原性最弱的元素是氟；

　(21)最易着火的非金属元素的单质，其元素是磷；

　(22)常温下单质呈液态的非金属元素是溴，金属元素是汞；

　(23)元素的气态氢化物和它的最高价氧化物对应的水化物起化合反应的元素是氮；

　(24)元素的单质在常温下能与水反应放出气体的短周期元素是锂、钠、氟；

　(25)常见的能形成同素异形体的元素有碳、磷、氧、硫。

(26)与He原子电子层结构相同的离子有(2电子结构)：H^-、Li⁺、Be²⁺ (27)与Ne原子电子层结构相同的离子有(10电子结构)：F^-、O^2-、N³-、Na⁺、Mg²⁺、Al³⁺ (28)10电子的分子、离子有：CH₄、NH₃、H₂O、HF、Ne、OH^-、H₃O⁺、 NH₄⁺ F^-、O^2-、N³-、Na⁺、Mg²⁺、Al³⁺。

3.对角线规则的应用:在元素周期表中，某些主族元素与右下方的主族元素的性质有些相似，被称为“对角线规则”.

实例：①锂与镁的相似性超过了它和钠的相似性，如：LiOH为中强碱Li₂CO₃难溶于水等等。

②Be、Al的单质、氧化物、氢氧化物均表现出明显的“两性”;Be 和Al单质在常温下均能被浓H₂S0₄钝化；A1C1₃和BeCl₂均为共价化合物等。

③晶体硼与晶体硅一样，属于坚硬难熔的原子晶体。

请用这些元素的电负性解释对角线规则。

2.启发人们在一定范围内寻找某些物质　

(1)半导体元素在两性线附近，如：Si、Ge、Ga等。

(2)农药中常用元素在右上方，如：F、Cl、S、P、As等。

(3)催化剂和耐高温、耐腐蚀合金材料、主要在过渡元素中找。如：Fe、Ni、Rh、Pt、Pd等。