了解本节知识要点，掌握初步分析问题方法。

　复习中国近代现代史第二单元(1)--洋务运动和中国资本主义的产生

22. I need a book , one which is cheap but useful.

　 I need a book , which is cheap but useful .

　前一句是简单句，　 one 作 book 的同位语；后一句是含有定语从句的主从复合句，先行词是book 。

21. As is known to all, the problem of pollution is serious.

　 It is known to all that the problem of pollution is serious .

前一句是定语从句，后一句是含有主语从句的主从复合句，往往学生搞错这两个结构，以问题形式出现，学生就会暴露出问题。

_________ known to everyone , the earth is round .

A. It is　 B. As　　 C. As is　　 D. As it is

正确答案是C。

20.Is _________ that flows through that town ?

A.　　 this river　 B. this the river

此题正确答案为B。如果选A，句子结构错误。此句是疑问句，把它变成陈述句结构就清楚了，This river is that flows through that town. (无句意)，试比较：This is the river that flows through that town. (这是一条流经那座城镇的河。)

19. I’d rather you ______ something about it for the time being .

A. did　　　 B. to do　

此句是结构问题，如果填did，把you did something …看成从句，如果填to do ，则把you 看成了宾格形式，前者正确，后者错误。Would rather 是一个助动词，不可能有宾语复合结构。此题只能选择A。would rather (that) + 从句 (从句中谓语动词用过去时)

意思为：宁愿某人做某事。

17. _________ was lying .

A. Whoever told you that　　 B. No matter who told you that

Whoever 引导名词性从句或让步状语从句，no matter who 引导让步状语从句， 不能引导名词性从句，横线处是名词从句的位置，不是状语从句的位置，辨认状语从句应当看逗号“，”逗号后有句子主语。例如：No matter who told you that , he was lying .此句中的no matter who 可以用whoever 代替。Whoever told you that , he was lying .

18 ________ shall finish the work before May Day is possible.

A. We　 B. That we　

此题往往在结构上搞错，认为意思上完整，不缺少含有意思的引导词，句意为：五一节前完成工作是可能的。选择了A。 其实，We shall finish the work before May Day is possible. 句子结构是错误的，May Day 之前是一个从句，应当有一个引导词, that 没有词义，仅起引导从句的作用。本题的答案应当是B。

16. Had I known her well , I would have invited her to the party .

当你看到would have invited 可以猜疑是虚拟语气结构，had I known her well 部分表示条件，属于虚拟语气条件从句省掉if 的情况，相当于if had I known her well ,省掉if 时，句子应倒装，省掉if 共有三种情况，当谓语动词是 (1)were　 ;(2)should do　 ;(3) had done 。应注意与一般疑问句Had I finished the work before he came back ?的区别。

15. Having a written examination , ___________ .

A. I am forced to study hard　　 B. it’s necessary that I have to study hard

分词短语放在句首作状语，应考虑逗号后主语与分词的关系，是否可以做分词的执行者或承受者，此题A项中I 可以做having 的执行者，所以选择A；而B项中的it 不可能做having 的执行者或承受者。

14. She must be looking forward as much to his return as he he himself is to _______ her .

A. see　 B. have seen　 C. seeing　 D. having seen

此题选择C。as…as 结构连接的两部分应该对等，to his return 与to seeing 对等，to 是介词，后跟名词，有好多学生不顾as…as 结构，把后一个to 看成不定式符号， 而选择A。