3.一位90后的孩子在日记中写了如下一段话:
请给我勇敢,改变可以改变的;就给我坚强,接受不可以改变的;请给我智慧,分辨这两者。
请联系自己或身边的现实,结合自己的思考写一篇作文,文体不限,不少于800字。
[写作提示]
这是一段发人深思的话,说出了90后发自内心的一个愿望。这个愿望是真诚的。面对我们的生活环境,有很多是可以改变的,只要你努力;但有不少是个人的力量所不可改变的,你只能适应。比如贫困,无论知识上的贫乏,还是经济上一时的穷困,经过自己的努力,都可以改变,关键在于你自己。
写此题可根据自己的实际情况从“勇敢”、“坚强”、“智慧”这三个词语中选择一个,力求写得集中一些、深入一些。
命题作文
考前练兵:
“显性”就是明白晓畅地呈现文章的主旨、情感和手法,“隐性”就是用暗喻、象征等手法隐晦地表达自己的倾向、观点和意旨。鉴于高考阅卷老师每45秒钟评判1篇作文的阅卷速度,他们对每一篇作文不可能从容不迫,细阅细品。为此,考生的临场作文必须先“显性”后“隐性”,在让阅卷老师看“明白”后再看“微妙”。
江苏高考作文阅卷组组长何永康说:“高考作文,要多一点‘二锅头’,少一点‘碧螺春’!”这当然是一种比喻,用写作的“术语”来说就是:高考作文不像平时作文那样,必须有很强的“视觉冲击力”,要“该出手时就出手”,该扣题就扣题,该点题就点题,让阅卷老师“无障碍”地一下子看穿,拍案叫好:而不要开篇就“干呼万唤始出来,犹抱琵琶半遮面”,把思想、情感、手法搞得云遮雾罩,玩“兜圈子”,玩“捉迷藏”,玩“隐形的翅膀”,都是高考作文的大忌,
“意段”就是作文在文意上的逻辑层次切分,而“字段”则是作文在卷面上的文字段落切分。二者的关系应该是“字段”跟着“意段”走,以“意段”来调控“字段”。而考场上的实际现状是:有的考生随心所欲,想在哪切分一段就在哪切分一段:有的考生“以不变应万变”,不管什么文章都搞成“三段论”(甚至“一段论”):有的考生记“流水账”,“十八岁的天空”就写成十八段……
殊不知,阅卷老师在评分时最为关注的都是“意段”,层次切分的情理维度、逻辑推进的技术含量是他们手中重中之重的评分砝码。如果你的作文“意段”和“字段”不合拍,因卷面上的文字段落干扰、破坏了阅卷老师头脑中正在“尾追”的语意逻辑层次,阅卷老师就会越看脑子越胀,越看心里越烦,越看眼睛越糊,“痛下杀心”就变成情理之中的事了,而且还“杀你没商量”,因为他有“评分标准”中“结构混乱”的尚方宝剑在手。
“合格”就是作文合乎考生根据题意和内容自选文体的要求,“风格”就是作文彰显考生自己选材、谋篇、手法、文彩等方面的个性。
高考作文必须“先‘合格’后‘风格…,因为“合格”是所有考生都必须遵守的文体规范,也是高考阅卷“评分标准”中的法规,如有违反,必定“要适当扣分”,“四不像”作文更是“杀无赦”:而“风格”仅是个体考生的写作个性,它被认可的程度,还要看其是否“对‘评分标准’的路子”“对阅卷老师的口味”,而这是“未知”的。先“合格”后“风格”可谓‘‘一鸟在手”,分数无忧:而先“风格”后“合格”则是“一鸟在望”,分数扶摇。
为此,广大考生必须结合自身的写作特长,首先强化文体的“合格”训练,一定要做到“写什么是什么”,至少要做到“写什么像什么”,对高考阅卷专家对如下四种基本文体的特征界定尤须悉心揣摩。
“袖手”就是作文下笔前的审题和构思,“疾手”就是作文下笔后的快速完篇。组织高考多年,每年都有考生“拍脑勺”“拍大腿”。何哉?考生惊呼:走题了,还有一个好素材漏写了,还有一个好手法漏用了……
“惊呼”根由何在?未能先“袖手”后“疾手”也。试想,文题匆匆一瞥,就一挥而就,焉能不出现“收笔方觉离题远”“东丢西落”等流弊?
高考骄子的成功秘笈告诉我们:要想“疾手”得自信、精确、完美,必先要“袖手”。要舍得用五分钟的“袖手”时间,想透如下八个问题:
① 文题中每句话的含义是什么?
② 文题的核心意旨是什么?
③ 我从哪个角度切入主旨?
④ 我写什么文体?
⑤ 我如何布局全篇(如“情节”“论层”等)?
⑥ 我在哪里设计亮点?
⑦我用哪些素材演绎主旨?
⑧ 我用什么手法呈现素材?
我们坚信:“袖手于前,疾手于后”的考生,必能心中有谱,笔下生风,畅快淋漓,不留遗憾。
“常心”就是“平常心”,它有利于作文水平的稳定发挥:“功心”就是“成功在此一举之心”,它对作文水平的发挥有催化作用。
有位资深心理学教授指出:“在国际体操比赛中,运动员经常发挥失常:如果他们能发挥出平时70%--80%的水平,就可能夺牌。”
高考作文也是如此,只有先“常心”后“功心”,考生才能不仅平稳地发挥出自己作文的才气、才思、才华,要观点有观点,要构思有构思,信手拈来,驾轻就熟,而且能够达到“出彩发挥”的水准。而“功心”为先的考生,往往处处追求匠心独运、别具一格、力拔头筹、技压群芳,殊不知,在竞争异常激烈的“独木桥”上哪能处处“心想事成”,结果“连平时怎么走路都忘了”,处处找不到感觉,“超水平发挥”的美梦落了空,“低水平草就”的现实反而成了真。
1.Do you mind if I ______with my work while you are getting tea ready? A.carry out e on C.carry on D.go over 2.Old memories are often ______ when you hear a particular song or a piece of music. A.called in B.called on C.called out D.called up 3.-- That’s a lovely dress. -- Do you think so? My aunt gave it to me for my birthday, but I don’t ____the color. A.interest in B.care for C.please with D.fond of 4.The folk song concert was so well ____that all the tickets had been sold out on the first day. A.accepted B.recognized C.received D.promised 5.The college is planning to offer more English courses to ___the needs of beginners of English. A.meet with B.meet C.supply D.satisfy with 6.He looked through as many daily newspapers as he could to ______ what they said about his latest book. A.hear of B.see to C.look up D.find out 7.Nowadays too many people are__their eyes __trade. A.turning ...on B.fixing ...to C.turning ...to D.fixed ...on 8.We had a good many anxious moment but everything __all right in the end. A.turned down B.turned on C.turned out D.turned to 9.Twenty people were expected, but only ten ______. A.turned round B.turned up C.turned out D.turned to 10.Some eighty years ago three-quarters of American production ____family farms or from business employing fewer than six people. A.made from B.kept from C.got from D.came from 11.The period ____dance classes increases gradually from two or three hours a day to five or six. A.referred to B.kept to C.got to D.given to 12.-- What did she ____so much money? -- Nothing but a necklace made of glass. A.spend on B.pay for C.buy for D.sell to 13.If we _______, we can realize the progress we have made. A.turn back B.look back C.answer back D.move back 14.After the meeting, I ____to write a report on our next term’s work. A.set about B.made off with C.set out D.set off 15.If you do not feel well, you should not ____going to see the doctor.? A.pick out B.give off C.put off D.make out 16.We must ____that our customs and habits aredifferent from theirs. A.keep in mind B.keep up with C.keep in touch D.keep to ourselves 17.I think the car will ___ till we get to the village. A.extend out B.go in for C.hold out D.hold up 18.The museum is ___in a park surrounded by a number of impressive buildings. A.blocked B.based C.occupied D.located 19.A good writer must __ect B.think C.join D.know 20.The gentleman does not ____the argument but watches the other guests. A.drop in B.fill in C.put in D.join in 21.Teaching a pronunciation class to a mixed group of learners can __ a teacher with many challenging problems. A.provide B.produce C.present D.offer 22.We want our children to know that hard work_____es off B.gives off C.pays off D.sees off 23.We can’t wait.We have to ____the direction and the distance before we take action. A.make out B.figure out C.think out D.turn out 24.It____to look after these naughty grandchildren of mine for a whole day. A.put me down B.drives me out C.wears me out D.pulls me through 25.We’ d better try to ____with the experiment, I think.Now let’ s ___ with it. A.go through;go on B.go on;go over C.go over ;go through D.go on;go through 26.The host stood at the door and ______ every guest a welcome. A.nodded B.dropped off C.shook D.moved 27.No one knows when XO was first discovered, or how it ___to be such a popular drink. A.went B.came C.got D.became 28.The Party Central Committee ____the Chinese people to work hard for the economic development. A.calls on B.calls up C.calls out D.calls for 29.We always ____we have said. A.lead to what B.see to what C.get to what D.hold to what 30.Don’ t forget to ____your things after you have finished your homework . A.set aside B.put away C.take away D.put into 31.The actor was so interesting that he___us laughing all the time when we were chatting. A.made B.keep C.had D.let 32.I can’t find my watch.I must have ____it in the hotel. A.lost B.missed C.left D.forgot 33.All of us still remember the terrible earthquake that____Tangshan twenty years ago. A.attacked B.struck C.knocked D.exploded 34.Being much too fat, the lady was advised to reduce her food for each meal, yet she would ___that. A.have none of B.accept C.take care of D.listen to 35.As director of the company, I can’ t ___three weeks away from work. A.carry B.cost C.afford D.pay 36.When I entered his room, I found him ____an armchair, deep in thought. A.sitting on B.sit in C.seated on D.seated in 37.The good service at the hotel ___the poor food to some degree. A.made up for B.saved up for C.took the place of D.turn out 38.His strength had almost __when they found him in the desert. A.given out B.given in C.given up D.given off 39.-- Your tie looks smart.It ___with your shirt perfectly. -- Thanks.I’m glad you like it. A.matches B.meets C.agrees D.goes 40.Anything that is dropped__towards the centre of the earth. A.fall B.falls C.has fallen D.is falling 41.Tom was a black slave and he at last ___the cotton farm to join the North Army. A.left B.escaped C.ran away D.fled 42.She had a nature that quickly ___the friendship of her classmates. A.made B.won C.caught D.seized 43.It takes a long time to ___a good fame, but this name is quickly lost but just one crime or piece of bad behavior. A.build up B.put up C.turn up D.set up 44.-- I’m ______ too much weight, doctor? -- I think you ought to go on a diet. A.putting on B.getting on C.carrying on D.living on 45.-- Will another fifty be enough? -- Just twenty will____. A.work B.do C.suit D.fit 46.His pale face ___a reluctant smile when he heard the news. A.came on B.was taken on C.took on D.turned into 47.Although the working mother is very busy, she still ___ a lot of time to children. A.devotes B.spends C.offers D.provides 48.The thing that__is not whether you fail or not, but whether you try it or not. A.matters B.cares siders D.minds 49.Your football team__ours on Sunday, but we__the game yesterday afternoon. A.beat;beat B.beat;won C.won;won D.won;beat 50.-- Can I help you? -- I’d like a room with a bath.How much do you? A.offer B.afford C.charge D.spare 参考答案及简析 1.C。carry on with sth.意为“继续做某事”;carry out意为“实行,执行”。 2.D。call up意为“使人想起;打电话”;call on 意思是“号召”;call in 有“收回,请来”等意;call out 有“出动,唤起,引起,大声叫出来“等意。 3.B。care for 在这里是“喜欢”的意思。 4.C。be well received意为“很受欢迎”。 5.B。meet 在这里是“满足,符合”的意思。 6.D。find out意思是“查清,弄明白”;see to 意思是“处理,负责”;look up意思是“查找(单词等)”。 7.C。turn...to...在这里意思是“把……转向……”。D有一定干扰性,可以说 fix one’s eyes on (upon) sth.,但语态不正确。 8.C。turn out 在这里意思是“证明是,结果是”,为连系动词;turn on 意思是“打开”;turn to 意思是“参考,转向,求助于”。 9.B。turn up 在这里是“出现,露面”的意思;turn round 意为“转身,转变”;turn in 意为“上交”。 10.D。come from表示“来自于”。 11.D。given to dance classes为过去分词短语作定语,相当于that was given to dance classes,意思是“分给舞蹈课的时间”。 12.C。表示花费的几个动词的搭配是这样的:sb.spend some money on sth.; sb.pay some money for sth.; sb.buy sth.for some money。 13.B。look back在这里是“回顾”的意思。 14.C。set out to do sth./set about doing sth.意为“着手做某事”。 15.C。put off 在这里是“拖延,延期”的意思。pick out 意思是“挑选出”;give off 意思是“释放,发出;”make out意为“制定出,理解,辨认出”,因此其它答案不符合题意。16.A。keep in mind意为“记住”,空后的that 从句为keep的宾语。 17.C。hold out 在这里是“支持,维持”的意思。如:How long will the enemy’s food supplies hold out? hold up 意思是“举起,支撑,阻挡”。 18.D。be located in,意思是“位于”。 19.A。本句话的意思是“一个好的作家必须把他所写的与周围发生的事联系起来。”join与to搭配,表示“连接”。 20.D。join in有“加入(到某项活动中去)”的意思; drop in意思是“拜访”;fill in意思是“填补”。 21.C。provide,present,offer 都有“提供”的意思。provide 意思是“装备,供给(某物)”如:The villagers provided the guerrillas (游击队) with food; present 则表示“呈献给某人(某种状况)”;offer构成offer sb.sth.或offer sth.to sb.的搭配。22.C。pay off 在这里意为“回报”;see off 意思是“给……送行”。 23.B。figure out 在这里有“计算出”的意思;think out意思是“想出”。 24.C。wear sb.out“使人筋疲力尽”。 25.A。go through with sth.意思是“做完,完成”;go on with 意思是“继续”。 26.A。nod sb.a welcome意思是“向某人点头表示欢迎”。 27.B。come to 在这里有“开始”之意。 28.A。call on sb.to do sth.意思是“号召某人做某事”。 29.D。hold to 意为“坚持(观点,理论等)”。本句话意思是“我们一直坚持我们所说的。" 30.B。put away意为“收起来”。 31.C。have/keep sb./sth.doing sth.意为“使某人(物)一直做某事”。B项时态错误。32.C。表示“忘带,遗留”,英语中要用leave,不可用forget. 33.B。表示自然灾害“侵害”了某地,可以用hit 或strike。attack表示“进攻,袭击”,多表示用武力进攻;knock是“敲打”的意思。 34.A。have none of sth.意思是“不理睬;不接受”。 35.C。afford意思是“负担得起(时间或金钱)”。 36.D。seat为及物动词,作宾补用seated(相当于sitting);(坐)在有扶手的椅子上,用介词in。 37.A。make up for 意思是“弥补”。本句的意思是“宾馆优质的服务在一定程度上弥补了不好的饭菜。” 38.A。give out在这里为不及物动词,意思是“用完,耗尽”;give in 意思是“屈服,投降”;give up意思是“放弃”; give off 意思是“释放,发出”。 39.D。go with在这里是“与……相配”的意思;match 也有此意,但match 为及物动词;agree with 有“与……相适应“的意思,因此不合题意。 40.B。描述客观事实,用一般现在时。 41.D。escape,run away 都有“逃脱”的意思,后需加from。 42.B。win在这里是“赢得,获得”的意思。 43.A。build up 有“树立,逐步建立”的意思,其宾语可以是表示荣誉、名望等的名词。put up 意思是“(具体的)建造”,其宾语为房屋、桥梁、道路等;set up多指组织、单位、机构的建设。 44.A。put on weight 意思是“发胖,增加重量”。 45.B。do 在这里的意思是“行,可以,起作用”。又如:“What do you want for your birthday?” “Anything will do.” 46.C。take on 在这里是“呈现”的意思。 47.A。C项有较大干扰性。offer sth.to sb.意思是“提供某物给某人”;devote one’s time to sb./ sth./doing sth.意思是“把时间用在某人(某事或做某事上)”。 48.A。matter在这里的意思是“有关系,要紧”。D项有一定干扰性。mind的意思是“在意,在乎”,其主语是人。 49.B。win和beat分别是“赢”,“击败”的意思,但 win 的宾语是比赛,而不可以是对手;beat 的宾语是对手。 50.C。charge 在这里是“收费”的意思。offer提供;afford支付得起;spare空出(时间,金钱),因此其它答案不合题意。
14.答案示例:②蜡烛的燃烧 ③蜡烛的特殊作用(评分:4分。每空2分,其中“蜡烛的特殊作用”没有“特殊”一词扣1分) 15.脂蜡(牛羊脂蜡) 石蜡(评分:2分。每框1分) 16.作比较。(1分)突出说明了三根棉线编制成的烛芯的优点。(1分) 17.②生日宴会 吹熄蜡烛希望梦想成真(大意对即可)(1分) ③洞房花烛夜 祝福新人白头偕老(1分)
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