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4. keep doing sth.  继续做某事,不断做某事

[举例](1)He kept running after her, trying to catch her.

他一直在追她,想要抓住她。

     (2)The telephone kept ringing until I answered.

       电话铃声一直响着,直到我去接才停。

[比较] keep doing sth. , keep on doing sth. , keep... doing sth. ,

 keep... from doing sth.

(1)  keep doing sth.与keep on doing sth.

都是继续做某事,但前者强调动作的重复性或决心,后者则强调动作的连贯.

    (2)keep...doing sth.为“让……继续做某事”,而keep...from doing sth.为“不使/不让/阻止...做某事”。

[举例](1) He caught such a bad cold that he kept coughing all morning.

       他患重感冒,整个上午不停地咳嗽。  

(2)Although it started raining, we kept on working.

尽管下起雨来了,我们仍然继续干活。

     (3) She kept me waiting for half an hour.她让我等了半个钟头。

(4) His advice kept me from making a serious mistake.

他的忠告使我免于犯下严重的错误。

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3. inspire vt. 激励,鼓舞,感动,引发

   [搭配]  inspire sb. 激励、鼓舞某人

inspire sb. to sth. 激励某人某事

      inspire sb. to do sth. 激励某人做某事

[举例] (1)We were inspired by his speech. 我们为他的演说所激励。

      (2)The teacher inspired us to greater efforts. 老师激励我们更加努力。

(3)His friend's words inspired him to try again.

  他朋友的话使他振奋起来再试一次。

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2. known adj.  已知的,众所周知的,有名的

  [搭配] be known as...  著称,被认为

be known for...  因...而出名

be  known to...  为...所熟知

     (It is (well) known that...  众所周知……

[举例](1)He is known as a good teacher.  他被认为是个好老师。

    (2)The boy is known for his good handwriting.  那个男孩因为书法好而出名。

    (3)The singer is well known to the younger generation.

      这位歌手广为年轻的一代所知。

    (4) It is well known to all that Taiwan belongs to China.

众所周知台湾是属于中国的。

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1. admire vt. 钦佩,羡慕,赞美,欣赏

  [搭配] admire sh./sth.  羡慕/赞赏……

admire sb. for sth.  因……而钦佩某人

      admire + that从句

  [举例] (1)I was admiring his new car.  我羡慕地看着他的自行车。

      (2)I admire him for his honesty.  我钦佩他的诚实。

      (3)Remember to admire her new dress.  记着要赞美他的新衣。

      (4)We admire that she is beautiful.  我们赞美她的美丽。

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12. be made up of由……组成、构成

   [比较] be made from  由……制成(原材料看不出)

       be made of   由……制成(原材料看得出)

       be made into  把……制成……

       be made in   在……生长(制造)

       be made up of  由……组成(构成)

   [例] (1)Steel is made from iron. 钢是由铁炼成的。

      (2)The bridge is made of steel. 这座桥是由钢材造的。

      (3)Bamboo is made into paper.  竹子可以造纸。

      (4)This kind of TV set is made in China. 这种电视机是中国制造的。

(5)The team is made up of ten people.   这个小组由十个人组成。

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11. tear n. vt. vi.

   [用法](1)tear作名词时常用复数形式。为“眼泪、泪水”.

      (2)tear作动词时为“撕、扯”,过去式或过去分词为tore,torn.

[例]  (1)She shed tears when she was left alone in the room.

     她独自一个人在房间时,流下了眼泪。

      (2)dry (wipe away) one's tears  擦干(试)眼泪

       burst into tears    突然哭起来

       in tears (adj. adv. )  含泪、流着眼泪

      (3)He tore the letter into pieces.  他把那封信撕成了碎片。

      (4)This paper tears easily.     这纸容易撕破。

  [搭配] tear sth. into pieces  将…….撕碎

      tear sth. open     将……撕(扯)开

      tear sth. in half    将……撕成两半

      tear sth. from (off, out of)  将……从……上撕下

      tear down  扯下,拆毁

      tear up   撕裂,撕毁

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10. sharp adj. adv.

[用法]sharp作形容词时指①(刀具等的)锋利;②(言词等的)尖酸、刻薄;③(感觉)敏锐的;④(颜色、图片)清晰的,鲜明的;作副词指(时间)恰好正点。

[例] (1) The boy like to keep his pencil sharp.

那个男孩总是喜欢把铅笔削得尖尖的。

     (2) His sharp words seemed to hurt her. 他那些尖酸的话似乎伤害了她。

     (3) Dogs have sharp ears. 狗具有灵敏的听觉。

     (4) There is something wrong with our TV. The picture is not very sharp.

       我们的电视机有问题,图像不是很清晰。

     (5) He got home at seven o'clock sharp. 他七点整回到家。

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9. cross n. v.

  [用法]cross作名词为“十字形符号”“交叉点”“混合种/物”;作动词为“越过”“渡过”“交叉”。

[例](1) He wrote crosses on the wrong answers.他在错误的答案上打“X”。

     (2) A mule is a cross between a horse and an ass.骡是马和驴的混合种。

     (3) Cross the street/river/bridge/desert穿过马路/渡河/过桥/穿过沙漠

(4) The two main roads cross in the center of the town.

那两条主要道路于市中心交会。

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8.charge vt.

    [用法]charge作动词时,有多种词义,具体含义要根据全句的意思。

[例](1) How much do you charge for a room with a bath?

      一间带浴室的房间要多少钱。

      (2)They charged me five dollars for a cup of coffee.

        他们一杯咖啡向我要(价)5美元。

      (3)The teacher charged him with calling the roll. 老师指派他点名。

      (4)Mother charged me to tell the truth and not to steal.

        母亲训诫我要诚实,不可偷窃。                                                                      

      (5)The frightened animal charged into the toy shop.

        那只受了惊吓的动物冲进了玩具店。

      (6)It usually takes ten hours to get the condenser fully charged.

将那个蓄电器充满通常要十个小时。

[拓展]charge也可用作名词,变成很多短语。

    [搭配]free of charge 免费的,免费地

in charge (of)... 负责,掌管

       in (under) the charge of... 被……管理,由……管理

    [例] (1)You get service free of charge. 你可得到免费的服务。

(2)She is in charge of our class. 她担任我们的班主任。

     (3)The prisoner was in the charge of the guard.

        = The guard was in charge of the prisoner. 囚犯由警卫看管。

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7.conduct  vt.

    [用法]conduct作动词为“指导、引导、指挥、传导”等。

    [例](1) He conducted me around the museum. 他带领我参观了博物馆。

      (2) The young man conducted the tour.  这位年轻人担任该队的导游。

      (3) The concert on this evening will be conducted by a world-famous conductor.本周六的音乐会将由一位著名的世界级指挥家担任指挥。

      (4) The material can conduct electricity and heat.这种材料既导电又传热。

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