11.Take place发生
[比较] happen与take place都有“发生”的意思,但用法有所不同。
(1)happen指事情的发生,往往带有“偶然”,或“未能预见”的意思。
(2)take place指事先布置或策划好而后发生,没有“偶然”的意味。
[举例](1) If anything happens to the patient, let me know at once.
如果这位病人发生什么意外,请马上告诉我。
(2) I happened to meet him in the park that day.
那天我碰巧在公园遇到了他。
(3) The December Ninth Movement took place in 1935.
“一二·九”运动发生在1935年.
[注意]take place与happen都是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态,例如:
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
10.population人口
[用法]population,作“人口”解时是集体名词,一般不用作复数。当我们说一个城市,地区或国家的人口时,常加冠词。如:人口众多:has a large population,有……人口has a population of...。表示人口多、少一般不用much,little,而用large,small来修饰。问有多少人口时应用疑问词what。
[举例] Our country has a large population.我国人口很多。
The city has a population of 100,000.那城市有十万人口。
What is the population of your province?你们省有多少人口?
[注意] 当population作主语指人,且宾语或表语是表职业或身份的词,那么其谓语动词应用复数形式。例如:
Most of the population in this factory are women workers.
这个工厂大部分职工都是女职工。
9.refer to涉及;说到;查阅;参考
[用法]refer to中的to为介词,表示“提及、涉及”的对象。
[举例](1) what are you referring to ?你指的是什么?
(2) I thought that he had referred to the boy.我想他指的是那个男孩。
(3) The speaker often referred to his notes.那位演讲者常看他的笔记。
(4) He referred to the dictionary.他参考了那本词典。
[比较]refer..to...为“把……提交”“指点…‘交付”,其中的t。也为介词,例如:
(1) We referred her to a doctor.我们把她交给了医生。
(2) He referred me to the dictionary.他吩咐我查字典。
8.sign vt.vi.署名、签字(约)
[举例](1) He signed the check.他签发了支票。
(2) Please sign here.请在此签名。
(3) He signed his name on the painting which he had just finished.
他在刚刚完成的画上写上了自己的名字。
(4) She signed with the company. 她与那家公司签署了合约。
[拓展]sign也可以用作名词,作“记号、标识、信号、迹象”等。例如:
(1) maths signs 数学符号
(2) the sign of a barber's shop理发店的标志
(3) The teacher made a sign to us to be quiet.
老师做了一个手势叫我们安静。
(4) There were no signs of life on the island.
那个岛上没有生物存在的迹象。
7.by不迟于,到……为止
[用法]by表示“不迟于某时”,“在某时之前(已经完成)”,常与完成时态连用;若指“到过去的某一时候止”,则用过去完成时;有时by后接将来时间,也用将来时。
[举例](1) Perhaps she has recovered by now.或许到现在她已康复了。
(2) By next Friday I ought to have finished the job.
到下周五,我应完成这项工作。
(3)By the end of last term,We had studied more than five hundred English words.到上学期末为止,我们已经学了500多英语单词。
(4) Your son will be all right by supper time.你儿子到晚饭时会好的。
6.settle安排;料理;解决;决定;使平静;安静;安家;家居
[举例](1) The moment she got up, she settled her room.她一起来就整理房间。
(2) That settles the matter.事情就这样定了。
(3) He settled in the country after his retirement.他退休后定居在乡下。
(4) The family finally settled down in Canada.这一家最后定居加拿大。
5.be famous for以……闻名
[举例] He is famous for his fine acting.他以演技精湛著称。
China has been famous for its silk trade.中国以丝绸贸易著称。
[比较] be famous for/be famous as,
be famous as表示“以……身份闻名”,be famous for是“以……而著名”。
[举例]The town is famous as a gambling resort. 该城是个著名的赌场。
He is rather famous as a speechmaker. 他作为一个演说家是相当有名的。
The boy is famous for his handwriting. 这个男孩以他的书法而闻名。
4.same adj.同一的,同样的
[搭配] the same.., as 与……一样the same.., that 是……同一个
at the same time 同时 all the same 尽管,如此,仍然
[举例](1)We are the same age. 我们同岁。
(2)Let's meet at the same place as yesterday.
我们在跟昨天一样的地方见面。
(3)That jacket is the same as mine. 那上衣与我的一样。
(4)This is the same pen that I lost. 这正是我遗失的那支钢笔。
(5)They began to laugh at the same time. 他们同时笑了起来。
(6)He has faults, but I like him all the same.
他有缺点,然而我还是喜欢他。
3.Surround vt.包围、环绕
[用法]surround指一物四周被另一物围绕或完全覆盖;也可指人(尤指土兵或警察)包围一个地方。
[举例](1) The house was surrounded by high walls.房屋四周围着高墙。
(2) The whole cake is surrounded by a thick coat of jelly.
整个蛋糕覆盖着一层厚厚的果冻。
(3) The village was surrounded by troops.村庄被部队包围了。
(4) They have surrounded the town with troops.
他们动用部队包围了这座城镇。
2.be made up of 由....组成
[举例] Our class is made up of six groups. 我们班由六个小组组成。
[比较] be made up of / be made with / be made out of / be made into
(1) be made with指制成品中包含的某种原材料,是“由……做成的”的意思。
A fruit cake is made with fruit. 水果蛋糕是用水果制成的。
(2) be made out of 指做成整个成品的材料,多用于口语,意思和be made of/from差不多,只 是语气强一些。
The shirt is made out of the material. 这衬衫是用这种料子做成的。
(3) be made into是指“某种原料制成某种成品”。
Wool has been made into sweaters. 羊毛已做成羊毛衫了。
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