4．作状语

While lying in bed, he listened to some music.

Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.

分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。

3．作宾语补足语

I heard him singing a song in the classroom.

We found the ground covered with snow.

2．作表语

We are excited at the news.

The news he told us is exciting.

分词是动词非谓语形式的一种，包括现在分词和过去分词。现在分词表示：主动，动作正在进行。过去分词表示：被动，动作已经完成。

(一)分词的作用

分词在句中可以作定语、表语、状语和宾语补足语。例如：

1．作定语

Do you know the boy standing at the gate?

Have you read the book 　written by　 Lu Xun？

5．　 完成被动式to have been done

例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.

4．　 被动式to be done

例如：The work is to be done soon.

3．　 完成式to have done

例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.

2．　 进行式to be doing

例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.

1．　 一般式to do

例如：I like to read English.

4.动词不定式与疑问词连用

疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how, why等后面可以接动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。

例如：(1) He doesn’t know how to use the machine.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　　 (不定式作宾语)

　　　 　　　 (2) How to use the machine is a question.

　　　　　　　 　　　 (不定式作主语)

　　　 　　　 (3) The question is when to go there.

　　　 　　　　　　 　　　　(不定式作表语)

(二)动词不定式的时态和被动形式

动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：