3. When ____, water will turn into vapour.
A. heat B. to heat
C. heating D. heated
2. ____ it ____ or not, I will go to attend the
conference on time.
A. If; rains B. Whether; rains
C. If; will rain D. Whether; will rain
1. Unless ____ to speak,you should remain silent
at the conferenee. (2003上海春招)
A. invited B. to invite
C. invite D. inviting
8. Greatly loved in China are the English Romantic
poets.
倒装句,正常语序为The English Romantic poets are
greatly loved...,为了强调或句子平衡,通常把形容
词、副词、分词等提到句首。
Very exciting was the final game played here last
night.
昨天晚上在这儿举行的决赛很精彩。
[句型归纳]
[考点1]What words and phrases do you think will be
useful when you want to talk about art and architecture?
当你想谈论艺术和建筑的时候。你认为什么词语是有
用的?
该句中,要注意 do you think 的位置:疑问词 + do you
think / hope / believe / suppose / guess / say / consid-
er / imagine + 主语 + 谓语? 例如:
Who do you think will come to see me? 你认为谁会来
看我? (该句中,who是句子的主语)
回答时。不能用yes或no,只能根据疑问词回答。
注意对比:Do you know / ask / tell / know / realize /
make sure + 疑问词 + 主语 + 谓语? 例如:
Have you told him when we are going to the cinema? 你
告诉了他我们什么时候要去看电影吗?
Do you realize how serious the problem is? 你意识到这
个问题的严重性了吗?
回答时,首先要用 yes 或 no,然后再回答疑问词的问
题。
[考例 1](1997上海)
-- I haven't heard from Henry for a long time.
-- What do you suppose ____ to him?
A. was happening B. to happen
C. has happened D. had happened
[考查目标] 本题考查连锁疑问句的用法。
[答案与解析]C do you think 作为插入语,应该带一
个完整的句子。本句中。what是主语,那么它需要的是
谓语。选项A中的 was happening 为过去进行时,而
这句话问的是现在的情况;选项B为不定式.不能单独
作谓语;选项D中的 had happened 为过去完成时,跟
上句所提供的时态不统一;选项C中的has happened
符合本题时态。
[考点2]They are decorated with small round windows
that remind you of ships, bent roofs, and twenty-foot
high walls of glass that make them special when compared
with other architecture from the same period. 它们装饰
有使人联想到轮船的小圆窗,弯曲的屋顶。以及二十英
尺高的玻璃墙,这些玻璃墙使它们在与同期的其他建
筑相比时与众不同。
该句中,要注意when compared...这里使用的是省略手
法,原句应为when they are compared...。在英语中,如
果主句和从句的主语相同,从句谓语中含有be动词,此
时从句的主语和谓语中的be动词常省略。例如:
Don't talk while (you are) eating. 吃饭的时候不要讲
话。
Go to him for help when (it is) necessary. 有必要的
话,去找他帮忙。
[考例2](2002上海春招) When ____, the museum
will be open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing
C. being completed D. to be completed
[考查目标] 本题考查非谓语动词以及省略句的用法。
[答案与解析] A 该题从句使用了省略形式。省略了与
主句主语一致的主语the museum以及系动词is。选项
B、C、D都为非谓语动词。
[考点3]But whether buses or trains or boarding aero-
planes, there wasn't a door she'd get through. 然而不管
是汽车、火车还是飞机,没有一扇门她能进去。
该句中.要注意whether...or,表示“不管……还是
……”、“或者……或者……”。例如:
Whether we go to your place or stay here, we'll still
find something to eat. 不管是到你那去还是呆在这里,
我们都要找点东西吃。
Whether by accident or design, he broke the mirror on
the wall. 不管是偶然还是有意,总之他把墙上的镜子打
破了。
whether 和 if 都可表示“是否”.引导宾语从句时二者可
互换。但是下面几种情况只用whether:
① 引导主语从句时;
② 句子中有or not时;
③ 作介词宾语时;
④ 引导表语从句时;
⑤ 放在动词不定式之前,还可放在句首。例如:
I don't know whether to go or not. 我不知道去还是不
去。
[考例3](NMET 1996) ____ we'll go camping to-
morrow depends on the weather.
A. If B. Whether
C. That D. Where
[考查目标] 本题考查whether的复合结构用法。
[答案与解析]B 本题中,根据题义可以知道,需要填
一个主语从句的引导词。选项 A 中的 if 不能引导主
语从句;选项C中的 that 虽然可以引导主语从句,但跟
句子意思不符合;选项 D 中的 where 引导的是表示地
点的主语从句;只有选项 B 中的 whether 符合题意。
[考点4]Many large cities, such as Liverpool and New
York。have had experiments of this kind, with old fac-
tories turned into successful arts center. 许多像利物浦
和纽约这样的大城市也有过这样的实验,把旧厂房变
成了成功的艺术中心。
该句中,要注意 with 后面动词 turn into 的形式。这里,
介词 with 的后面只能用非谓语动词,turn into用了过
去分词形式,表示被动意义,用来对前面的factories一
词进行补充说明。例如:
A young man was brought in with his hands tied be-
hind. 一个双手反绑着的年轻人被带了进来。
With 的后面除了接过去分词以外,还可接形容词、副
词、介词短语、现在分词、动词不定式等,做其宾语补足
语。例如:
With him to help us, we will finish the work well. 有他
们帮忙,我们会提前完成工作的。
[考例4](NMET 2000) ____ production up by
60%, the company has had another excellent year.
A. As B. For C. With D. Through
[考查目标] 本题考查 with 复合结构的用法。
[答案与解析]C 本题中,production后为up,它是一
个副词,符合“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”这一结构。
选项 A 中的 as 是个连词.后面接句子;选项B中的 + for
不能放在句首且常用于连接一个表示原因的并列句;
选项 D 中的 through 表示通过,不能用于这种结构;故
只有选项 C 符合题意,表示“随着……”。
[牛刀小试3]
7. More than any other form 0f literature, poetry plays
with sounds,words and grammar.
诗比其他任何一种文学形式都更加讲究发声、词汇
和语法的运用。
该句比较状语从句被置于句首,正常语序应为
Poetry plays with sounds, words and grammar more
than any other form of literature.
短语 plays with 常作“玩耍”解。
It is dangerous to play with fire here.
在这儿玩火很危险。
但 play with 也有“玩弄、摆弄”之意。
He pays much attention to playing with words in his
articles.
他的文章很注重词的使用。
6. Besides, no matter how well a poem is translated,
something of the spirit of the original work is lost.
另外,一首诗尽管译得再好,都有可能丧失其原文
的部分精华。
no matter how = however引导让步状语从句,意为
“无论怎样”。
If we work with a strong will, we can overcome any
difficulty, no matter how (= however) great it is.
注:however 也可以作副词,表示转折,意为“然而”。
He promised to come. However, he changed his mind
before leaving.
他原先想来,可是出发前改变了主意。
5. A is to B what C is to B.
该句型的意思为“A 对于 B 就像 C 对于 D 一样(需
要)”,或“A 和 B 的关系就像 C 和 D 的关系” what引
导表语从句。
Water is to a fish what air is to a human being.
水对于鱼就像空气对人一样重要。
4. Seen from the top, it looks as if the stadium is covered
by a gray net of steel, and it looks just like a bird's
nest made of tree branches.
从顶部看,体育馆好像是覆盖着一张灰色的钢网,就
像一个用树枝做成的鸟巢。
(1) 句中分别使用了过去分词 seen from...,made of
作状语和定语,表示被动逻辑关系。
Newly painted this morning, the house looks beautiful.
(状语)
今天上午刚油漆的,这房子显得漂亮。
What do youthink of the housemade of wood? (定语)
你觉得这栋木结构的房子如何?
(2) 句中也分别出现了look as if...,look like,意思相
近,但后面分别接从句和名词。
The building looks as if it is a round tower.
= The building looks like a round tower.
这座建筑看起来就像一座圆形的塔。
注:as if 后面可接虚拟语气,如:
Dressed in red, the woman looks as if she were ten
years youngerthan she is.
这位妇女穿红色衣服显得比实际年龄年轻了十岁。
3. Every great culture or different period in the past has
its own ideas 0f beauty expressed in an and
architecture.
过去的每一种伟大的文化或每一个不同的时期都把
它自己的美学思想表现在艺术和建筑方面。
该句使用了have sth. done结构,其中过去分词在句
中作宾语补足语,表示被动的含义。have sth. done
可表示三种意思:
(1)“让某人去做某事”,此时have有“请,让”的意思
I had my hair cut only yesterday.
我昨天才理了发。(请人理发)
(2)“完成某事”。此时的have不含“请,让”的意思。
只强调“事情的完成”,不论是谁去完成,有可能是句
子主语,也可能是他人来完成。
I must have my homework finished before going out to
play.
在出去玩之前,我必须把作业做完。
I have your medicine prepared now.
我已经把你的药准备好了。
(3)“遭受某种情况”,往往是遭受不幸的事情。
He had his left leg injured in the accident.
他的左腿在事故中受伤了。
2. I wouldn't feel happy living in a block of apartments.
住在一座公寓里我是不会感到高兴的。
句中现在分词短语 living in a block of apartments 在
句中作状语,表示一个非真实的情况:要是我住在一
座公寓楼里(实际上我没有住在公寓楼里),有了这
么一个非真实的情况(条件),所以句中使用了虚拟
语气 (wouldn't feel)。
Your wife wouldn't be pleased to hear you say so.
假如你妻子听到你说这些,她不会高兴的。(实际上
没听到)
The chickens can eat the food that we would otherwise
throw away.
这些鸡可以吃掉那些要不然会扔掉的食物。
(otherwise后为一个与现在事实相反的假设)
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