3、描述一次灾害或事故

2、说明业余的爱好

1、谈论学校或家庭生活

[时态]主要用现在时。

[句式]It 的句型，定语从句，被动语态。

①(介绍住所)I’ve found a place for you. It’s a small flat of 25 square meters, with a bedroom, a bathroom and a kitchen. In the bedroom there is a bed, a sofa, a desk and a chair. The rent is 500 yuan per month. The flat is in a building on Fangcao Street, which is not far from Jianxinhua Chinese School. Bus No.11 can take you straight to the school. In fact, it’s only one stop.

②(介绍一种东西)A wonderful new invention is called Mogray. A mogray is a small box, about 20X20X20 cm. It has an antenna and two legs that can be folded into the box. The mogray is a computer that helps students do their homework.

The mogray is placed on the student’s desk and the textbook is placed near the mogray. The mogray calls up the Internet and collects information and questions about the homework and pictures. When the student has finished studying, the mogray will ask the student questions and help him or her find the best answers. I think it is a very useful invention and I wish I had one.

(5)议论，评价，感想，书评，影评

[段落]第一段：主旨句。第二段：评论，观点，感想或推荐。

　　　　 第一段：介绍所评的书作者，背景。第二段：大意。第三段：感想和评论或建议。

[时态]主要用现在时。

[句式]It 的句型， 定语从句。

①(观点和建议)Modern shoppers need an education in how and how not to buy things at the grocery store. First, you should check the weekly newspaper ads. Find out the items that are on sale and decide if you really need those things. In other words, don’t buy anything just because it’s cheaper than usual! Second, such words like “New and Improved!” or “All Natural” in front of a package may influence you. Instead, read the list of ingredients on the back. Third, compare prices. That is, you should examine the prices of both different brands and different sizes of the same brand.

②建议,并说明理由You’d better have a talk with your mother and tell her what you have in mind so that she can come to an understanding with you. On the other hand, you should make a good plan by yourself and try to do well in your lessons. In this way your mother has no reason to talk too much about your study.

③建议并举例说明　　　

　　　 Dear grandpa, I think you’d better take part in some outdoor activities, such as going mountain climbing, playing Taiji. You can also take up some hobbies like gardening or playing chess. Perhaps you can keep a pet like a dog or a cat. And I think the most important for you is to

make some friends with the people of your age, so that you can do things together. Having friends means that you can have someone to talk to so that you won’t feel lonely and depressed.

④(陈述观点比用事实和例子说明)Among many scientific achievements, I think, (说明你的观点)the discovery of electricity is the greatest scientific achievement, (支持你的观点)because the discovery made it possible for us to control our environment, develop new technology and build large cities.

　　　 (用事实或例子说明你第一个观点)In the old days we could only work during the day. Homes were lit by candles or flames, but the light was weak and polluted the air. During the winter, especially in the north, days were very short. When we learned to use electricity to light our homes, we suddenly had many more hours to spend.

　　　 (用事实或例子说明你第二个观点)Few scientific achievements have led to so many new inventions as the discovery of electricity. First, scientists learned to use electricity to run engines. Then, they discovered ways to use electricity to help people communicate. The telegraph made it possible for us to send messages between cities and towns. When the telephone was invented, almost everyone could get in touch with friends and colleagues that lived far away. Later, radios and TV brought news and entertainment to our homes. In the last thirty years, computers and cellphones have become an important part of our daily life. All of these inventions have made our life better, and none of them would have been possible without electricity.

　　　 (用事实或例子说明你第三个观点)We wouldn’t have the large, modern cities we have today if it weren’t for electricity. The industrial revolution, which transformed our way of life, depended in large part on electricity. We built factories, which in turn meant that people started moving into the cities, with telegraphs and telephones we could send messages to each other over great distances, so that we could do business with people in other cities and even countries. In modern cities, electricity is used for heating, lighting, cooking and for running buses and subways. The discovery of electricity made our cities cleaner, safer and bigger.

(总结三个基本的观点)No other scientific achievement has had a stronger or longer-lasting effect on human beings than electricity. It gave us more time to work, study and play, it led to new inventions, and it created the big cities we live in today.

⑤ (陈述观点和理由)I think that water pollution is the most serious problem because we need clean drinking water to survive and because most of the life on our planet is found in our oceans, rivers and lakes.

All kinds of pollution are bad for the environment, but water pollution is the worst. All human beings need clean drinking water to survive. It is wrong to pollute a resource that is so important to all of us. Water pollution is also an important problem because rivers, lakes, and oceans are where most of the life on our planet is. If we pollute the water, these animals and plants won’t survive.

To think that there is nothing we can do is incorrect. We must realize that it is our responsibility to take action and to make sure that we don’t pollute our water in future. I suggest that we learn more about water pollution and take steps to protect our water. I also recommend that we try to be more careful when we use water so that we don’t waste it. If we all try our best, I think we can solve the problem.

⑥(评论诗歌) The poem called Silent in the house by Emily is very short and the language it

used is very simple. The first four lines of the poem are an invitation to go out together and enjoy time spent together. It sounds as if it may be the last time together in the evening, enjoying the mild weather and looking at the stars. Within a year, long before it is October again, the two lovers in the poem will be parted forever. It is not easy to understand what it means that seas of blood will part them, but I think one of them will get married to someone else. Because of that, they must both stop loving each other, and each must destroy the love in their hearts.

　　　 The idea that they will be separated by “seas of blood” reminds me of Richard Marx’s song in which the lovers are “oceans apart”. The sea is a very good image to give you the feeling that two lovers cannot reach each other. To use the word “crush’ instead of “destroy” is a good choice, because crush gives you the feeling that the love in their hearts is something fragile that can be broken by pushing it away.

　　　 Although the poem is short, it is very moving. It is a very beautiful way to express the sadness when two lovers must part because they cannot stay together. I like the poem because it is very quiet. It seems as if the poem wants to be like a beautiful memory.

(6)应用文体

书信的格式， 通知写法， 海报的要求

3、教师要掌握试题和新课程标准在写作上会涉及的话题，加以归纳和总结，做到举一反三， 使复习提高效率。

1、 教师要钻研写作的具体要求，明确评分的等级，针对自己的学生水平制定切实可行的复习目标，使学生都能在原有的水平上有所提高。

评分的细目

1、对内容的要求：全面　　　　　　　　　　　　　 2、对词汇的要求：丰富

3、对句式的要求：多样　　　　　　　　　　　　　 4、对语篇的要求：流畅，顺畅的连接和转折

5、对书写的要求：正确，工整　　　　　　　　 6、对目的的要求：符合写作要求

2、教师要认真研究高考试题，整理分类。复习的顺序按照先分类指导，然后再综合复

习，这样有利于学生的整体把握。

对比和比较/写人或记事/说明图表/描述场景和地点/议论，评价或评论，感想/应用文体/续写

(1)比较和对比

[段落]第一段：说明比较什么。第二段：相同点/优点/过去。第三段：不同点/缺点/现在。第四段：总结或建议等。

[时态]主要用现在时。说明过去时用过去时

[句式]It 的句型，定语从句。

[表示连接/转折的词汇]both, and, in addition, what’s more, on the other hand, however, but。

① (前后情况变化的对比) In short, things have begun to improve since schools were called on to reduce learning load. I don’t know about others, but I used to have to work even at weekends doing endless homework and attending classes as well.

Now I have more free time. I can follow my own interests, such as reading books, visiting museums, and taking computer lessons. In the evenings, I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. What’s more, I can go to bed earlier.

As far as I know, everyone is happy about this new arrangement of things.

②(比较一种事物的优缺点)I would like to give my opinion about being on the Internet.

　　　 More and more middle school students here are starting using the Internet, through which

they can get a great deal of the latest information. They can enjoy lessons given by the best teachers of net-schools at home. And it is easy and convenient to keep in touch with friends by sending and receiving e-mails.

　　　 On the other hand, some students have spent too much time chatting and playing games on the net. And there is still something harmful to the students.

　　　 At last, I suggest that students should be good at using the Internet for their studies and not be on line for long.

③(两种观点对比)I’m writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for park.

　　　 Opinions are divided on the question. 60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. They believe a public park should be free of charge. People need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. Charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. What is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city.

　　　 On the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers, and to buy plants and young trees. They suggest, however, fees should be charged low.

④(比较两种事物的相同点和不同点)Where do you get your news, websites or newspapers? Which source is better when it comes to delivering reliable news? A close look at the two media may help us answer the question.

A website is similar to a newspaper in many ways. The news is reported in articles written by reporters and edited by editors. Besides, newspapers have different sections, such as world news, local news, sports etc. and websites have many different pages. Both use headlines and pictures, and make money by selling ads.

There are a few important differences. The news reports in a newspaper do not change. Websites, on the other hand, change all the time. That means that websites can give us the latest news faster than newspapers. However, not all websites are updated every day, so when we read something on the Internet, we must make sure that the website has been updated. Newspapers are written by reporters, but websites can be written by anyone. We may also want to consider the cost. While websites are free, newspapers cost money.

In my opinion, newspapers are more reliable than websites because it is easier for the readers to find out who wrote the article.

(2)写人和记事

[段落]第一段：概括介绍所写的人物/事物/交待时间，地点，人物，干什么。第二段：介绍人物的经历，突出最重要和有意义的事/事情的经过。第三段：总结，或评论。

[时态]主要用过去时，现在时。

[句式]同位语，定语从句。

[表示时间]状语从句，分词短语，介词短语。

①(写人) Sun Shuwei, a world champion in diving, is now 28 years old from Guangdong in China.

He loved swimming when he was a small boy and at the age of eight he became a member of the diving team in Guangdong Province. He studied hard at school and trained hard for five years

before he came to the national team. A year later in 1990, he won a gold medal at the 11th Asian Games and became a world champion at the 6th World Swimming Championships early this year.

He is popular with the Chinese people.

②(叙事)Li Ming and I took part in a wilderness survival program yesterday, and it has been one of the most unforgettable experiences since high school. Early in the morning, we set out. Li Ming was carrying a compass and a tent in his backpack, and in mine there was a flashlight, a map, a knife, a first-aid kit, some matches, candles, food, and clothing.

　　　 On the way to the campsite, we climbed a hill, and then we swam across a river, pushing the backpacks on a large piece of wood we had found by the river. As we got into a forest, we lost our way. Luckily, we found the right direction with the compass.

　　　 By the time we arrived at the campsite, it had already been dark. Li Ming then put up the tent, and I made a fire and started cooking.

　　　 I think…

③(写过程)Knowing how to give first aid is an important skill that can save lives.

The letters DR ABC can help us remember what to do. First, we should make sure that the accident scene is no longer dangerous. If we get hurt, we can’t help the injured people. Second, we should try to get a response from the injured people. If they respond, we know that they are breathing and conscious. Third, we should make sure that the injured person’s airway is clear. If he isn’t breathing, we must try to start his breathing. Fourth, we should find out if the person’s blood is circulating. We can check this by feeling the person’s pulse.

After giving first aid, we should place the person in the recovery position. Finally, we should keep the person warm.　

(3)说明图表

[段落]第一段：概括介绍所明什么。第二段：介绍分析结果。第三段：总结，或评论。

[时态]主要用现在时。

[句式]定语从句，被动语态。

[图标类的写法]

开头：A survey about the choice of jobs has been done among 100 middle school students, which shows that…

分析： Chart 1 shows… As is shown on Chart 2… According to figures from…

比较：Compared with that of last year, the output of …

建议：I think the school should encourage the students to do more exercise after class. This way, they may be healthier and more energetic.

结论：It can be seen from the graph that the average personal income of the Chinese people increased rapidly from 1985 to 1990.

Chart 1 shows the daily average amount of time the students of the school spend on different after-class activities. The students put the most time – 93 minutes– into their homework, and next in line is watching TV, which takes up 46 minutes. They put in about the same amount of time listening to music and working on the computer, 34 minutes and 30 minutes each. While 25 minutes is spent on sports, only 12 minutes goes into housework.

　　　 As is shown on Chart 2, only 10% of the time is taken up with sports activities. I think the

school should encourage the students to take more exercise after class. This way, they may be healthier and more energetic.

(4) 描述场景/地点东西

[段落]第一部分：说明介绍某一地方。 第二部分(可分几段)：分别介绍各方面的内容。第三部分：总结或建议等。

如何发展中学生英语写的技能， 提高书面表达的得分，是毕业班教师必须十分重视的问题。

教师要认真分析高考试题， 吃透新课程标准的精神，才能有效地贯彻在每堂课的教学实践中， 从而实现既定的目标。

高考书面表达考查学生的语言应用能力。

考生应掌握应用文，记叙文和议论文文体的写作要求。

能够看懂图画，图表和文字提示所表达的有效信息，写出百词左右意思完整的英语短文。

能达到所要求的交际的目的。

1.2.3导数的四则运算法则

学习目标： 1.理解两函数的和(或差)的导数法则，会求一些函数的导数． 2.理解两函数的积(或商)的导数法则，会求一些函数的导数 3.会求一些简单复合函数的导数. 学习重点难点： 导数的四则运算 自主学习： 一、知识再现 1.导数的定义：设函数在处附近有定义，如果时，与的比(也叫函数的平均变化率)有极限即无限趋近于某个常数，我们把这个极限值叫做函数在处的导数，记作，即 2. 导数的几何意义：是曲线上点()处的切线的斜率因此，如果在点可导，则曲线在点()处的切线方程为 3. 导函数(导数):如果函数在开区间内的每点处都有导数，此时对于每一个，都对应着一个确定的导数，从而构成了一个新的函数, 称这个函数为函数在开区间内的导函数，简称导数 二、新课探究： 法则1 　两个函数的和(或差)的导数，等于这两个函数的导数的和(或差)，即　 　 证明：令， 　， 　 ∴　 ， 即　． 法则2 两个函数的积的导数，等于第一个函数的导数乘以第二个函数，加上第一个函数乘以第二个函数的导数，即 法则3 　两个函数的商的导数，等于分子的导数与分母的积，减去分母的导数与分子的积，再除以分母的平方，即 说明：⑴，； ⑵ ⑶两个可导函数的和、差、积、商一定可导；两个不可导函数和、差、积不一定不可导 复合函数的导数 　复合函数的导数和函数和的导数间的关系为，即对的导数等于对的导数与对的导数的乘积． 若，则 三、例题解析： 例1求的导数． 解： 例2求的导数． 解： 　 例3.求y=的导数. 解：y′=()′= 例4.求y=在点x=3处的导数. 解：y′=()′ ∴y′|x=3= 例5. 求y ＝sin4x +cos 4x的导数． 解法一：y ＝sin 4x +cos 4x＝(sin2x +cos2x)2－2sin2cos2x＝1－sin22 x ＝1－(1－cos 4 x)＝+cos 4 x．y′＝－sin 4 x． 解法二：y′＝(sin 4 x)′+(cos 4 x)′＝4 sin 3 x(sin x)′+4 cos 3x (cos x)′＝4 sin 3 x cos x +4 cos 3 x (－sin x)＝4 sin x cos x (sin 2 x －cos 2 x)＝－2 sin 2 x cos 2 x＝－sin 4 x 例6.函数处的切线方程是 (　　 ) A．　　　 B．　 C．　 　　D． 课堂巩固： 1.函数y=x2cosx的导数为(　　 ) A.　 y′=2xcosx－x2sinx　　　　　　 　　　　　　　 B. 　y′=2xcosx+x2sinx C. 　y′=x2cosx－2xsinx　　　　　　　 D. y′=xcosx－x2sinx 1.求y=的导数 2.求y=的导数 4.求的导数 归纳反思： 　 　 　 　 　 　 合作探究： 求曲线y=ln(2x-1)上的点到直线2x-y+3=0的最短距离. 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 2.设函数．证明：的导数；

教师备课 学习笔记

24．[山东省泰安英雄山中学2009届高三年级测试数学文科卷第21题](本小题满分12分)

已知函数

　 (1)当a=1时，证明函数只有一个零点；

　 (2)若函数在区间(1，+)上是减函数，求实数a的取值范围．

23．[浙江省富阳新中2008(上)高三期中考试数学(文)试卷第21题](本小题满分15分)

设函数

(Ⅰ)若，函数是否有极值，若有则求出极值，若没有，请说明理由。.

(Ⅱ)若在其定义域内为单调函数，求实数p的取值范围.