3、仪器洗涤

(1)洗涤方法：①在试管或烧瓶内,注入一半水，振荡。②用试管刷转动或上下移动。

(2)难溶物的洗涤：油脂用热的　　　 溶液或　　　　 洗。

　　　　　　　　 不溶性碱、碱性氧化物、碳酸盐用　　　　　 洗。

(3)洗净标志：内壁附着的水既不　　　　　　 ，也不　　　　　 ，形成一层水膜。

(4)放置：洗干净的试管应　　 放在试管架上，其它仪器放在指定地方。

2、仪器连接与装配

(1)连接方法

①玻璃管插入橡皮塞：沾　　　　　 湿润，转动插入。

②玻璃管插入橡皮管：管口平圆，沾　　　　　 湿润。

③容器口塞入皮塞：双手平拿，　 　　　　塞紧，橡皮塞以进入密器口　　 为宜。

(2)连接顺序

①从　　 到　　 ，从　　 到　　 ，顺序连接，拆卸时顺序相反。在习题中常为完成某项检验或测定，需将多个仪器连接起来，此时须注意其逻辑顺序，不可随意安排。最好能围绕“实验目的”和“实验原理”这个中心考虑。

②对于干燥仪器的连接。洗气瓶：盛放　　 体干燥剂，气体应从　　　　 进入；干燥管：盛放　　 体干燥剂，气体从　　　　 通入，(对于U形支管，两端均可)。

(3)气密性检查

步骤：①连好仪器。②将导管一端插入　　　 中。③用　　 紧握容器外壁。

判断：若有　　　 产生，或松手后在导气管末端形成　　　 ，则说明不漏气。

1、物质的加热

		①用　　 　焰加热； ②加热前，先要使仪器 　　　　　； ③固体加热，试管口　　　　　 ； ④液体加热，试管与桌面成　　　 角，液体量不超过容积的　　 ， 使用烧杯、烧瓶加热液体时要垫　　　 。
	注意事项

2、了解仪器的连接和气密性检验的方法，了解仪器洗涤方法。

1、会使用酒精灯，会给试管中的固体物质或液体加热。了解加热仪器及方法，会使用试管夹。

3.信的开头和结尾已写好，不算在字数内。

Dear editor，

I am a student from Nanjing No.1 High School. I’m writing to tell you about a new form of education and the discussion around it. After the earthquake in Wenchuan, how to teach the students to understand the value of life has been brought into focus in many schools. A school in Kunming let their students write down their virtual wills and express “what they wanted most if they were spending their last day”. This practice has aroused a heated discussion.

Most of the students are for this way of education, thinking such activity gives them a chance to see their goals more clearly. They also learn what they should cherish or give up and what they should work hard for.

However, most parents hold the opposite opinion. They say their children should be encouraged to communicate with them in person instead of baring their heart on paper with a pessimistic attitude towards future.

According to experts, being a taboo in Chinese culture, “death” is still hard for most parents to accept as a form of education. Moreover, schools should be careful not to hurt the students who have suffered misfortunes in their families.

　From my point of view, writing one's will is a reasonable idea, so don't make a fuss about it. I think it necessary for the students to consider the value of life and respect life. By writing our will, we'll realize how important it is to cherish every second and make our life meaningful when we're alive.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Best regards

2.字数：不少于150字。

2．文章的标题和开头已给出，不计入总词数。

写作思路：这是一篇半开放性作文，选材密切联系社会生活中热点问题，要求考生组织材料，布局要点，并有适当的自由发挥。写作的难点在于如何展开联想，以人行道树的名义呼吁人们增强环保意识。

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 Help Us!

We, 50 desperate trees, are crying. We were dug out by the roots as the road was being widened. We were cruelly exposed to the sun for a whole day. Seeing the scene, many residents felt sad and got angry at what some people had done.

We are puzzled why some people ruining trees while planting us. We are deeply concerned about our fate. The city is becoming larger and larger, but our space is becoming smaller and smaller, which means that all the trees will fall victim to someone’s wrong plan.

　 Help us and give us a living world. It is we that have beautified the city. Ruining us will do much damage to the environment. We hope that the government will punish those who spoil grass and flowers or cut down trees and provide us with safe and comfortable conditions. Meanwhile we would like to appeal to all the residents to promote the awareness of environmental protection. Only in this way can man and nature live in harmony.

近几年来大学毕业生就业率越来越低。一方面毕业生的人数逐年增长而工作机会没有相应增加反而因经济危机而有所减少；另一方面大学生们想找高薪而舒适的工作。很多用人单位则认为大学生缺少工作经验，因此宁愿雇佣有经验者。请根据下图提供的数据，描述近年来我国大学生就业情况，分析原因，并给大学毕业生们提一些建议。(至少两条)

要求：1. 短文须包括表中所有信息。2. 字数150字左右。

The Declining Employment Rate of University Graduates

　 The employment rate of university graduates is declining nowadays. Reading this chart, we can find that the employment rate of university graduates has declined gradually. It declined from 80 % in 2002 to nearly 75 % in 2004, then 72% in 2006, and finally, the rate dropped to no more than 70 % in 2008.

Obviously, it is increasingly difficult for a university graduate to find a job today.

The reasons for this are various. For one thing, the number of university graduates is increasing every year, while the job vacancies for them have not increased in accordance but declined because of the financial crisis. For another, many graduates want to find a well-paid and comfortable job, which is always not practical. Finally, many employers think that the students who have just left from university are in lack of working experience, thus, they are more willing to hire the experienced.

Therefore, in order to find a job after graduation, university students should be more practical, and not only learn as much knowledge as possible, but also take all kinds of opportunities to gain working experience.

在经历了汶川地震后，为了让学生认真思考生命的价值，认识生命和尊重生命，昆明某校采用了“遗书模拟”的方式，组织学生思考“如果这是你生命中最后一天，你最想说的是什么？”这一话题。该教育方式在社会上引起不小的争议。请根据表格内容提示，写一封信给《21世纪报》的编辑，描述这一争议，并发表自己的看法。

注意：　 1. 信中要包含所有表中要点，但不要逐条翻译。

3.　　　 我们的呼吁：......(不少于两点)

注意：1.词数150左右，避免逐字翻译；

2.　　　 我们的担忧：城市越来越大，我们的空间却越来越小，这就意味着......