―           at 21:24.

              ―I hope you will have a good flight.

       A．My bus leaves        B．My plane takes of   C．My train goes        D．My coach goes

       7、―            will the work be ready?

              ―           two months.

       A．How long, AfterB．How often, For    C．How soon, In            D．How much, During

       8、―Is your watch correct?

              ―Yes, my watch         .

       A．runs well        B．keeps good time    C．keeps right   D．never stops

六、Asking about Health

       1、―How's your brother these days?

              ―He hasn't been to well.

              ―           What's the matter?

       A．It's bad.  B．I'm sorry to here that.    C．Very badly.         D．Why?

       2、―I haven't seen Bob lately.              

              ―As a matter of fact, he is ill.

       A．Where is he?  B．Why?     C．How is he?   D．What does he do?

       3、―You sound as if you've got a cold.          .

              ―          .

              ―Get a good rest.

       A．Yes, as if         B．I've been over―working    C．I don't think so    D．I hope not

       4、―I'm afraid I've got a bad cold.

              ―          .

       A．Never mind                         B．Keep away from me

       C．Better go and see a doctor             D．You need to take medicine

       5、―John has caught a bad cold.

              ―          .

       A．It's too bad            B．I don't believe it   C．I'm sorry to hear that  D．Take it easy

       6、―           , Wang?

              ―I've got a headache and I feel chilly.

       A．What's wrong        B．What the matter is   C．What is matter D．How about you

       7、―My stomach hurts. I feel sick.

              ―For safety's sake,            .

       A．go to see a doctor tomorrow          B．Better to go to hospital

       C．you'd better see a doctor at once      D．Quick go to hospital

七、Talking about Weather

       1、―It seems to be clearing up.

              ―That will be a nice change,                  ?

       A．isn't it            B．won't it          C．can't it           D．doesn't it

       2、―How cold is it today?

              ―          .

       A．Just so―so     B．not too    C．It's ten below zero             D．Yes, it is

       3、―           ?

              ―It's very cold and damp.

       A．What's the weather      B．How's the weather today

       C．Is it raining last night    D．Might it have rained a lot

       4、―Do you like the weather in North China?

              ―Not really, but          now.

       A．I fit it             B．I am used to it    C．I used to it      D．I agree to it

              5、―I wonder what the weather is going to be like tomorrow?

              ―          .

              ―That's a good idea.

       A．Let's look through the paper     B．Let's listen to the weather report on the radio

       C．Better be care of the radio       D．Pay attention to the radio

       6、―           .

              ―It certainly is. The sun is shining and there is a pleasant breeze.

              ―It's lovely.

       A．What nice it is              B．How nice it is here   C．It is like spring here D．What a good day here

       7、―What a nice day, isn't it?

              ―         

       A．You're right.          B．Yes, isn't it?      C．Yes, I agree.    D．Really?

       8、―           ?

              ―Yes, a bit cold, though.

       A．Cold weather, isn't it     B．Bad weather, don't you think

       C．Freezing, isn't it         D．Nice day, isn't it

       9、―            today?

              ―It's nice and warm.

       A．What's the weather              B．What's the weather like

       C．How is the weather like          D．How does the weather look like

       10、―Do you think it is going to snow over the weekend?

              ―          .

       A．I don't believe              B．I don't believe it    C．I believe not so    D．I believe not

八、Invitations

       1、―Would you like to come around for a meal on my birthday?

              ―Oh, yes. Thank you very much.          

       A．When is your birthday?     B．What day is your birthday?

       C．When were you born?      D．What time is your birthday?

       2、―Have you got anything to do tomorrow?

              ―          .

       A．Yes, a lot of    B．No, I won't be busy    C．Certainly have      D．Oh, that's a pity

       3、―Would you like to come to the cinema, Frank?

              ―           I have to do my homework.

       A．I don't, I'm afraid.          B．I can't, I'm afraid.   C．I'm sorry.           D．Oh, pity!

       4、―Helen, I'd be glad if you would come and have tea with us on Friday.

              ―          .

       A．I try to go      B．Many thanks for your kind invitation, I will

       C．I am very busy  D．I must go

       5、―How about going to "Grand" for dinner?

              ―          . It's a long time since we had a good meal.

       A．well

       B．That sounds like a good idea

       C．Thank you

       D．But I'm too busy

       6、―Do you have to go? Can't you stay and have a meal?

              ―           I really think I must be off now.

       A．I'd love to, but                                  B．Yes, I must

       C．No, I don't have to but               D．Yes, I can, but

       7、―Would you like to come to the party tomorrow?

              ―          .

       A．I'd like           B．I like it           C．I'd like to              D．I'd like it

       8、―Will you be able to come and see us on Friday?

              ―          . I will have to work.

       A．I believe yes           B．I don't hope so     C．I won't be able to       D．I'm afraid not

       9、―Shall I call for you of will you call for me?

              ―You'd better come for me,            ?

       A．can you          B．OK                 C．really             D．would you

       10、―Would you like to come to dinner tonight?

              ―I'd like to,                I'm too busy.

       A．and                B．so                   C．as                   D．but

九、Making an Appointment

       1、―Good morning, I'd like to see Mr. Baker, please.

              ―Mr. Baker is quite busy.               .

       A．You can't see him                              B．You won't be able to see him

       C．I'm afraid you won't be able to see him today.      D．Please come next time.

       2、―Will you be able to come to see us sometime next month?

              ―          .

       A．I believe yes           B．I don't hope so    C．I won't be able to  D．I'm afraid not

       3、―When will you be free this month, Mr. Smith?

              ―          , maybe we'll be free next Sunday.

       A．Let me be       B．Let me see      C．I'm afraid             D．Think it over

       4、―What time can I call on you?

              ―Any time this evening will be               .

       A．OK                B．right               C．good        D．free

       5、―I'm sorry to say that I can't come to your party tonight.

              ―          ? Haven't we agreed on?

       A．What is it      B．What is it now    C．How is it        D．What do you think

       6、―I have an appointment with Mr. Black. My name is John Brown.

              ―           1982.

       A．After              B．In                   C．From              D．Since

       6、―When are you off?

4、My watch says it's 7:30.

5、My watch always keeps good time.

六、Asking about Health（询问健康）

A．Asking:

1、How are you these days?

2、What's wrong with you?

3、Have you seen the doctor?

4、You look tired. What's wrong?

B．Responses:

1、I'm not quite myself today.

2、My stomach hurts
3、I don't feel like eating anything today.

4、I've got a bad cold.

七、Talking about Weather（谈论天气）

1、It's a fine day, isn't it?

2、What's the temperature today?

3、What's the weather like today?

4、How is the weather?

5、What's the weather going to be like at the weekend?

6、Do you like the weather in Beijing?

7、Do you think that we are going to have snow today?

八、Invitations（邀请）

A．Invitations:

1、Would you like to come to my birthday party?

2、Will you be able to come to my birthday party?
3、I'd be very glad if you would come to my birthday party.

4、Can you fix a time for a picnic?

5、Are you free tomorrow? What (How) about having a picnic?

6、Won't you come with me?

7、You will come to have dinner with me, won't you?

B．Responses:

1、I'd be glad to, thank you.

2、It's very kind of you to invite me.

3、I'd like to, but I'm too busy.

4、Thank you for your kind invitation, I will.

5、I'm afraid not. I will have to look after my sick mother.

6、I'm sorry, I can't. Thank you very much.

九、Making an Appointment（约会）

A．Making an appointment:

1、Are you free this afternoon?

2、How about tomorrow evening?

3、Shall we meet at 7:00 at the gate of the cinema?

4、When will you be able to see us?
5、What time can I call on you?

6、Will you be at home next Sunday?

7、Don't forget to come to my birthday party.

B．Responses:

1、Tomorrow evening will be all right.

2、Yes, I'll be free then.

3、No, I won't be free then, but I'll be free next Wednesday.

十、Making a phone call（打电话）

A．Making a call:

1、Hello, is Mary in?

2、Hello, is that Mary speaking?

3、Can I have your telephone number, please?

4、Hello, may I speak to Mary?

5、Could you ask him to call me, please?

6、Who is it, please?

B．Responses:

1、This is Mary speaking.

2、Hold on please.

3、Mary, you are wanted on the phone.

4、Mary isn't here right now. Can I take a message for you?

十一、Shopping（购物）

A．Shop assistant:

1、What can I do for you?

2、Can (May) I help you?

3、How much do you want?

4、What about this (these)?

B．Customer:

1、I'd like to have a look at the sweater.

2、That's too expensive (dear), I'm afraid.

3、That's fine. I'll take it.

4、How much is it?

十二、Seeing the Doctor（看病）

A．Doctor:

1、What's wrong (the matter) with you?

2、How long have you been like this?

3、Let me examine you.

4、Take this medicine three times a day.

5、Drink plenty of water and take a good rest.

6、It's nothing serious. Take it easy.

B．Patient:

1、There's something wrong with my stomach.

2、I've got a pain here.

3、I feel terrible (sick).

4、This place hurts.

5、I don't feel like eating anything.

A．Requests:

1、Can (could) you do something for me?

2、Will (would) you do something for me?

3、May I have some ice―cream?

4、Please do me a favor.

5、Please don't open the window.

6、Do (Would) you mind turning down the radio?

7、I wonder if you could lend me some money.

B．Offers:

1、Can (Shall) I help you?

2、What can I do for you?

3、Is there anything (else) I can do for you?

4、Would you like me to do this for you?

5、Would you like some help?

十四、Asking for Permission（请求允许）

A．Ask for permission:

1、May I park my car here?

2、Can (Could) I smoke in this room?

3、Do (Would) you mind if I smoke (smoked) here?

4、I wonder if I could smoke here.

B．Responses:

1、Certainly. (sure, of course), go ahead

2、Yes, please.

3、All right (OK).

4、I'm sorry, it's not allowed.

5、I'm afraid not.

十五、Advice and Suggestions（劝告和建议）

1、You'd better go to see the doctor.

2、You should do it at once.

3、Why not go on a picnic next Sunday?

4、What (How) about going there by boat?

5、Have you considered going there by boat?

6、Shall we take a walk after supper?

7、I suggest you do more reading.

8、I advise you to take more exercises.

【专项训练】

 一、Greeting

       1、―Hello, Joan.

              ―           Kate. Glad to see you.

       A．Hi                         B．Hello              C．Good morning              D．How do you do

       2、―Hi, haven't seen you for ages! You look fine.

              ―          . You look well too.

       A．Great             B．Thanks           C．Oh, no           D．Not at all

       3、―How are you! Jane?

              ―         

       A．How are you, Mary?     B．Fine, thanks, and you?   C．All is right. D．That's good.

       4、―How do you do?

              ―          .

       A．Very well, thank you.   B．Why, yes. I'm fine.  C．How do you do?        D．What about you?

       5、―How's everything with you?

              ―          .

       A．Fine, thanks          B．It's all right     C．Thank very much           D．I'm very well

       6、―How's your work going?

              ―         

       A．Not too well, I'm afraid     B．Quite good. What about you?

       C．Fine, how are you, then?    D．Well, thanks a lot.

       7、―Did you have a good summer holiday?

              ―Yes, thanks.              Kate?

              ―She's OK, thanks.

       A．what's is         B．How is            C．What's wrong        D．and

       8、―Glad to meet you again. How are you?

              ―I'm just            .（老样子）

       A．my old self            B．old myself     C．myself old           D．as old myself

       9、―It's nice to see you in New York. How's your family?

              ―          . My wife asked me to say hello to you.

       A．It's very well          B．They are fine    C．That's all right D．They are good

       10、―How's the young man?

              ―          .

       A．He's twenty           B．He's a doctor    C．He's much better     D．He's David

       11、―How           on with your new job these days?

              ―Not bad.

       A．do you get             B．did you get    C．are you getting    D．have you getting

       12、―Hello, Kate! Fancy meeting you here! Working again, are you?

              ―Yes,           , if I want to pass the exams.

       A．I've got to             B．no other way    C．I must do                 D．I have on way

       13、In the evening you meet your foreign teacher walking towards the reataurant, you should say            .

       A．Good evening. B．Good night. C．Hello. Have you had your supper? D．Hi! Going to dinner.

二、Introduction

       1、―Hi, Tom, this is my friend John.

              ―         

       A．Nice to meet you.          B．How are you?    C．Hi, Tom, I'm John.        D．Are you Tom?

       2、―Let me introduce myself. I'm Albert.

              ―          .

       A．With a pleasure     B．It's my pleasure    C．I'm very pleased  D．Pleased to meet you

3、When you are introduced to someone, you should say          

       A．I'm getting on well              B．I love you very much   C．Fine, thank you.   D．How do you do?

       4、―Have you met my girl friend, Susan? Susan, this is Li.

              ―         

       A．Glad to meet you.         B．Thank you.    C．How are you?                   D．Welcome home.

       5、―Please allow me to introuduce Mr. Smith, director of the department.

              ―          （久仰大名）

       A．I haven't seen you before.        B．Haven't we met before?

       C．I've heard so much about you.    D．How do you do?

       6、If Mr. Baker is here, will              please make               to me?

       A．you, yourself know              B．you, you know    C．he, us know    D．he, himself know

       7、 Let's give him a          .

       A．warm welcome      B．warming welcome    C．warmly welcome     D．warm welcoming

三、Farewells

       1、―It's five o'clock already, I must be going.

              ―Well, come again             you are free.

       A．if                   B．whenever        C．when              D．while

              2、―Oh, God, it's late. I've got to go.

              ―          . Hope to see them soon.

       A．Give your parents my greetings         B．Remember me to your parents

       C．Show my greetings to your parents      D．Say hello to your parents

       3、―It's time I was going, I'm afraid.

              ―          .

       A．Good evening        B．Good night    C．Bey―bey            D．All the best

       4、―Well, I'd better let you get on with your work.

              ―          .

       A．I've wasted a lot of your time     B．Thank you for a lovely afternoon

       C．You must be tired               D．I'm sorry to trouble you

       5、―I'm flying home on Sunday morning.

              ―I wish you               .

       A．a pleasant journey home    B．a good trip   C．good lucky    D．a happy journey travel

       6、―I think I must go now. See you later.

              ―          .

       A．You can go     B．See you later    C．Bye―bye          D．So long

       7、―I'm glad to have met you. Drop by sometime.

              ―          .

       A．Thank you     B．Give me a call      C．Thanks, I certainly will            D．Take care

       8、―It's very kind of you to come and see me off.

              ―          .

       A．It's my pleasure     B．much better    C．Don't say it        D．No problem

       9、―I'm going camping this weekend.

              ―          .

       A．Can you fish?               B．Have a good time   C．No, I'm too busy        D．Don't give up now

       10、―I'll go to Beijing this weekend.

                            .

       A．You are lucky        B．The best of luck     C．Thank you        D．Good―bye

 四、Asking and Directing the Way

       1、―Excuse me, can you tell me where the nearest bus stop is?

              ―I'm sorry, I have no idea. I           .

       A．don't know     B．am a strager here      C．am new         D．just come

       2、―            will it take me to walk there?

              ― About ten minutes.

       A．How far         B．How long        C．How much            D．What far

       3、―Excuse me, is there a cinema around here?

              ―Yes, please go          , then turn right          the first crossing.

       A．before, on       B．ahead, at        C．along, of                D．forward, to

       4、―Excuse me, officer. I can't find the subway entrance.        

              ―See those glass doors? Go in and you will see it on your right.

       A．Can you help me?                      B．Where is it?

       C．Show me the way?                      D．You are very helpful

       5、―Is your school far from here?

              ―Not very far,           .

       A．it is about ten minutes' walk      B．it nees to walk ten minutes

       C．you need walking ten minutes     D．it is about ten―minutes walk

       6、―Could you tell me where the train station is?

              ―          .

       A．It's over there        B．It's on the third floor    C．No, I know little D．Yes, it's there

       7、―Excuse me, is this Mr. Brown's office?

              ―I'm sorry, but Mr. Brown              works here.

       A．not now          B．no more          C．not still          D．no longer

       8、―Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the Sleeping Beauty Castle?

              ―Yes,           .

       A．Go down this road             B．       Go ahead till you see the entrance

       C．It's not far from here          D．You can walk there

五、Asking for Time and Date

       1、―           ?

              ―It's the third of May?

       A．What day is it       B．What's the date    C．What's the time   D．What's the clock

       2、―           ?

              ―I'm sorry, my watch has stopped.

       A．When is it             B．How much is it    C．What is the time   D．What's the clock

       3、―Is your watch right?

              ―I think so. I set it      the radio this morning.

       A．to                  B．of                   C．by                  D．through

       4、―What day is it today?

              ―          .

       A．July 27           B．Saturday        C．the 27 of July        D．Women's Day

       5、―How long has this bookshop been in business?

基本句型       结      构             例            句

there

肯定句     there be +主+其它  There is a map on the wall.

                             墙上有张地图。

be

否定句     there be + not +主+  There is not a map on the wall.

           其它              墙上没有地图。

结构

一般疑问句 be + there +主+其  Is there a map on the wall?

           它                墙上有地图吗？

肯定与否定                   Yes ,there is . No, there isn’t.

回答                          是的，有    不，没有

特殊疑问   特殊疑问词+ be +  ―How many maps are there on the wall?

句及回答   there +主+其它       墙上有多少张地图？

                            ―There are two. 有两张

注1：

There be 句型也可以由其它动词代替be，常用的词有seem to be , happen to be ,appear to be, used to be 等词组或用live, come, stand, lie, occur, exist, flow等动词。

There seems to be much hope of our team beating theirs.

好象我们队很有希望打败他们队。

Only there lived an old fisherman in a village by the sea.

从前有一位老渔夫住在海边的一个村子里。

注2：

There be 之后如有几个并列主语时，用is或用are要取决于第一个主语是单数还有复数，单数用is,复数则用are.

There is a pen, a pencil and two books on the desk.

桌上有一支钢笔，一支铅笔和两本书。

There are two books, a pen and a pencil on the desk.

桌上有两本书，一支钢笔和一支铅笔。

【专项训练】

it的用法

1、“Do you like fish?”“Yes, I like         .”

       A．×                  B．it             C．that                D．them

 2、         today?

       A．How is it                      B．What is it     C．What is it like          D．How is the weather.

 3、“Do you want a watch?”“         .”

       A．Yes, I want it .              B．Yes, I want one.   C．No, I’ve got it.              D．No, I’ve got the watch.

 4、“Whose exercise-book is that?”     “        hers”

       A．That is                  B．This is            C．It’s                D．Its

 5、      won’t take long to get to Shanghai by air.

       A．That                      B．He                 C．It                   D．This

 6、What he has done helps us a lot,           ?

       A．isn’t he                 B．doesn’t he      C．isn’t it           D．doesn’t it

 7、We all thought       no use doing that.

       A．it                          B．that                C．this                D．there

 8、I took it for granted        you would come to our party.

       A．when                    B．why                C．for what         D．that

 9、How happy      to be able to study and live together with you!

       A．that will be           B．is it                 C．will it be         D．it will be

 10、I thought it to be         .

       A．him                       B．he                   C．its                  D．she

11、        very foolish of you to say so.

       A．It’s                       B．Its                  C．That’s            D．This

12、It’s not his habit      for things.

       A．asks                      B．ask                 C．to ask             D．asked

13、It has been a great honour       coming to visit me.

       A．they                      B．you                C．she                 D．he

14、I found        to hear what he said.

       A．that difficulty               B．it difficulty     C．that difficult                D．it difficult

15、He is fifty , but doesn’t         

       A．look at it              B．look for it    C．look it           D．look him

16、It was       who telephoned me yesterday.

       A．him                B．his                         C．himself                  D．he

17、The sentence      is wrong.

       A．its                  B．it                           C．itself               D．it’s

18、           is no doubt that he will succeed in his experiment.

       A．It                   B．This                C．That               D．There

19、It seems        John’s not coming after all.

       A．this                B．that                C．if                    D．to

20、      was a handbag that John gave Mary at Christmas.

       A．It                   B．This                C．That               D．Such

21、Was      the room       the famous writer had ever lived in?

       A．that, it           B．it , that           C．it , where        D．that, which

22、        is said that he has been to many places in the United States.

       A．This               B．He                 C．It                   D．That

23、What      you want me to do?

       A．it is                B．that                C．is this             D．is it that

24、Is      not important who will go?

       A．it                    B．that                C．this                D．×

25、Why is it       everyone thinks he’s a thief?

       A．because          B．as                   C．when              D．that

26、          being Sunday, the library was closed.

       A．What             B．It                   C．That               D．This

27、Is         believed       he is ill?

       A．it, that           B．he, that          C．it, if               D．he, for

28、         is known to us       Mary dances best.

       A．She, ×          B．It, that           C．It, she            D．She, who

29、“What’s this?”“       a flag.”

       A．This is           B．That’s             C．It’s                D．Its

30、Jack is ill. Have you heard about         ?

       A．him                B．it                   C．this                D．that

There be 结构

31、Is      a typewriter in the room?

       A．he                  B．there                     C．it                   D．has

32、There’s no one in the house, is           ?

       A．it                   B．he                         C．there              D．they

33、         must be something wrong.

       A．It                   B．He                        C．There             D．They

34、           there anyone around?

       A．Was                B．Were                     C．There             D．Has

35、        used to be a church round the corner.

       A．Here        B．There                    C．It                   D．It is

36、It is reported that        is going to be a storm.

       A．it                   B．there                     C．×                  D．the weather

37、There        still a lot of work to be done before the house is ready for occupation.

       A．are                B．were               C．is                   D．have

38、There is a girl        for the bus.

       A．to wait           B．waiting                  C．waited            D．wait

39、There         a pine tree at the top of the hill.

       A．stands            B．lies                        C．lives               D．has

40、       will be a good film on at the Rex next week.

       A．There             B．It                          C．That               D．This

改错,下列每句所给的选项中，各有一项是错的，请指出并改正。  

41、He is certain that the secretary will be there.
     A      B   C               D

42、I think that a good idea to get up early.

              A      B       C      D

43、It makes me feel sad that see you.

              A       B    C   D

44、Do you find it very dull live here?

         A     B     C     D

45、It is no use to cry over spilt milk.

          A B     C    D

46、There it must have been a mistake.

          A  B  C     D

47、There is going to have an English party at the weekend.

                     A      B                 C  D

48、Is there any one who waiting to see me ?

         A      B          C      D

49、There have a man sitting beyond that fence.

                     A       B     C    D

50、It was a car ready for us.

        A  B         C   D

【答案】：

1、B             2、D             3、B             4、C             5、C             6、D            

7、A             8、D             9、D             10、A           11、A            12、C   

13、B            14、D           15、C           16、D           17、C           18、A

19、B            20、A           21、B            22、C           23、D           24、A

25、D           26、B            27、A           28、B            29、C           30、B

31、B            32、C           33、C           34、A           35、B            36、B

37、C           38、B            39、A           40、A          

41、A  He－it                   42、B  that－it                 43、C  that－to

44、D  live前加to            45、C  to cry－crying       46、B  it 去掉

47、B  have－be        48、C  who后加is 或把who去掉

49、A  have－is               50、A  It －There

十一、交     际 英 语

知识要点：

一、Greeting（问候）

1、Good morning! (afternoon, evening)

2、Hello! (Hi)

3、How do you do?

4、How are you?

5、How are you getting on with your studies?

6、How's everything with you?

7、Did you have a nice holiday? (summer vacation)

二、Introduction（介绍）
A．Introduction:

1、 This is my friend, Tom..

2、Let me introuduce you to my friend, Tom.

3、May I introduce myself? I'm Tom.

4、Please allow me to introduce my friend, Tom.

5、I'd like you to meet my friend Tom.

B．Responses:

1、How do you do? Pleased to meet you. (Glad to meet you. Nice to meet you.)

2、It's my pleasure to have this chance to meet you.

三、Farewells（告别）

A．Farewells:

1、It's getting late. I must be going.

2、It's five o'clock already. I must be off now.

3、Oh, God, it's late, I've got to go.

4、It's time I was going, I'm afraid.

5、I think I must go now.

6、I think I'd better leave.

7、I'm glad to have met you.

B．Responses:

1、Come again whenever you are free.

2、If you pass my home, drop in.

3、Good night, have a nice dream.

4、Can't you stay a little longer?

5、I hope we'll meet again sometime.

A．Asking the way:

1、Can you tell me the way to the post office?

2、Is this the way to the post office?

3、Excuse me, how can I get to the post office?

4、Which is the nearest way to the post office?

5、Is the post office far from here?

6、How long will it take me to get to the post office?

7、Excuse me, is there a post office near here?

8、Excuse me, does this bus go to the post office?

B．Responses:

1、Go ahead till you come to the next crossing.

2、No, it's not far from here. It's only about ten minutes' walk.

3、It's about 200 yards down the street.

4、Take Bus No. 3 and it will take you right there.

5、Go down the street and take the second turning on the left.

五、Asking for Time and Date（询问时间与日期）

A．Asking:

1、What time is it now?

2、What's the time by your watch?

3、What day is it today?

4、What is the date today?

5、Is your watch correct?

B．Responses:

1、It's ten.

2、It's Wednesday.

3、It's October, 8th.

语

从

句

hardly…when

no sooner…than

I had hardly got home when it began to rain.

我刚一到家，就下雨了。=Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.

No sooner had we got to the station than the train left.

我们刚到车站，火车就走了。

Hardly had we begun when we were told to stop.

我们刚开始就被叫停。

hardly…when和no sooner…than的意义相当于as soon as,但只表示过去发生的事情，主句为过去完成时，从句为过去时，如hardly或no sooner位于句首时语气强，而且主句的谓语要用部分倒装。

every time, by the time, the moment

等

Every time I travelled by boat, I got seasick.

我每次乘船都晕船。

The moment I heard the song, I felt cheerful.

我一听到这首歌，就感到很愉快。

Next time you come ,you’ll see him.

下次你来的时候，就会见到他。

在时间状语从句中，不能用将来时或过去将来时，而要用现在时或过去时代替将来时。

地

点

状

语

从

句

where

wherever

Where there is a will, there is a way.

有志者，事竟成。

Where there is water there is life.

哪里有水，哪里就有生命。

You are free to go wherever you like.

你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。

Wherever you go, you must obey the law.

无论你去哪都要遵守法律。

where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。

原

因

状

because

I came back late yesterday because I was on duty.

昨天我回来晚了，因为我值班。

because用来回答why 的问题，语气最强一般放在主句之后

语

从

句

since

Since everyone is here, let’s begin our meeting.

既然大家都到了，我们开始开会。

since表示既然或全已知的理由,稍加分析即可表明的原因,多放句首

种类

从属连句

例           句

说     明

原

因

as

As he didn’t know much English, he looked up the word in the dictionary .

由于他英语懂得不多，他在字典中查阅这个单词。

从句常放在句首，说明原因，主句说明结果，常用于口语中。

状

语

从

句

now that, seeing that

Now (that) the weather has cleared up, we can start our journey.

鉴于天气已经晴朗，我们可以启程了。

Seeing (that) he was badly ill, we sent for the doctor.

鉴于他病情严重，我们派人去请医生去了。

seeing (that), now that 和since, as 意义相似，他们都有“鉴于某个事实”的意思，that可以省去。

目

的

状

语

从

句

that

so that

in order that

lest = for fear that

I shall write down your telephone number that I may not forget.

我要把你的电话号码记下来，以免忘记。

We’ll tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself.

我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己作出判断。

They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time .

他们比往常更加努力工作，为了能提前完成工作。

Put on more clothes lest (= for fear that ) you should catch cold.

多穿点衣服，以免患感冒。

目的状语从句中常用情态动词may (might) can (could) ,should 等放在动词之前，从句往往放在主句之后，主从句之间不用任何标点符号

结

果

状

so that 

so…that

We turned up the radio, so that everyone heard the news.

我们把收音机的音量放大，大家都听到了新闻。

He was so excited that he couldn’t say a word.

他十分激动，以致一句话都说不出来。

so that前有逗号为结果状语从句。

so…that的so后面跟形容词或副词。

语

从

句

such…that

He gave such important reasons that he was excused.他说出了这么重要的理由，得到大家的谅解。

It is such an interesting novel that all of us want to read it.

It is so interesting a novel that all of us want to read it.

这是一本十分有意思的书，大家都想看。

such…that的such后面跟名词，如果名词是单数就要用such a /an…that还可以转换用so…that，语气较强

种类

从属连句

例            句

说    明

条

件

状

语

 从

 句

if

unless

as/so long as

in case

so far as

Difficulties are nothing if we are not afraid of them.

如果我们不怕困难，困难就算不了什么了。

We shall go there tomorrow unless it rains.

除非下雨，我们明天就去那里。

= We shall go there tomorrow if it doesn’t rain.

So/As long as you work hard, you will succeed.

只要你努力工作，你就一定能成功。

In case I forget, please remind me about it .

万一我忘了，请提醒我一下。

So far as I know, the book will be published next month.

据我所知，那本书下月出版。

unless从句的谓语只能用肯定式。unless和if…not同义，unless是书面语，if…not是口语，通常二者可以换用。

条件状语从句中的谓语动词的时态一般要用现在时或过去时代替一般将来时或过去将来时。

 方

 式

 状

 语

 从

 句

as

as if…

as though

Draw a cat as I taught you .

按照我教你的画一只猫。

Do as you are told.

按照人家告诉你做的去做。

She looks as if she is ill.

看上去她好象是生病了。

He acted as if (though) nothing had happened.

他的行动就好象什么也没有发生。

They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.

他们对待这黑孩子仿佛他是一头牲口。

此处as译为，按照或正如

as if或as though的意义和用法基本一样。从句中可以用现在时表示可能符合事实，也可以用虚拟语气。

 让

 步

 状  

 语

though

although

Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet)    he began to learn French.

虽然他六十多岁了，但仍开始学习法语 。

We were not tired though (although) we had worked all day.

虽然我们干了一天活，但并不累。

在句子中一般用了“虽然”就不能再用“但是”（but）但可以与yet或still连用。though / although意义相同，用法基本一样，前者通俗，口语化，后者正式多放主句的前面。

 从

 句

even if

even though

I’ll go even if (though) it rains tomorrow.

即使明天下雨，我也要去。

even if 和even though的意思为“即使”“纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。

种类

从属连词

例            句

说    明

 让

 步

as

Child as he is , he knows a lot .

虽然他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。

Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,)the children play outdoors.

虽然天气冷，但孩子们仍在户外玩。

as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用

though或although引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。

 状

 语

 从

no matter (who, what when, where which, how…)

Do it no matter what others say.

不管别人怎么说,尽管干。

No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.

不管他多忙，他都每天坚持学习英语。

No matter who takes up the matter for me ,I shall be very grateful.

不管谁为我处理这件事，我都将非常感激。

no matter……与 who-ever引导的让步状语从句意义基本一 样，no matter……引导的从句可是以位于主句前或主句后。

 句

wh－ever         (whatever whoever whenever whichever however)

Whatever happens / may happen , we shall not lose heart.

无论发生什么，我们都不要失去信心。

Whoever comes, he will be welcome.

无论谁来，都会受到欢迎。

wh－ever从句中的动词有时可以和may连用。判断wh－ever引导的是状语从句还是名词性从句的一点是，名词性从句，主句中一定有一个成分要在从句担任，一般从句与主句之间没有逗号。

不可将no matter与wh―ever连用

 比

 较

 状

 语

as…as

not so/as

   …as

the same

   …as

such…as

Mary is as old as my sister.

玛利和我姐姐一样大。

He doesn’t run so (as) fast as Jack (does).

他不如杰克跑得那样快。

His book is the same as mine.

他的书和我的一样。

Henry is not such a good worker as Peter .

享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。

连词表示同程度级的比较，肯定句用as…as否定句可用not as…as 或not so…as

 从

 句

than

She has made greater progress this year than she did last year.

她今年比去年进步更大。

He bought fewer books than I (did).

他买的书比我买的少。

表示不同程度之比较，主句中用比较级的形容词或副词。

种类

从属连句

例           句

说     明

比

较

状

语

从

句

the more

 …the more

The more you read, the better you understand.

你看的书越多，你懂得的就越多。

The more tickets you sell, the more money you will get.

你卖的票越多，你的收入也越多。

The harder you work, the greater progress you will make.

你工作越努力，你取得的进步就越大。

The sooner, the better.

越快越好。

The warmer, the better.

越暖和越好。

the more…the more 意思为越…越…，通常的语序为从句在前主句在后，这两个the都是表示程度的副词，用在比较级的形容词或副词前面。

句子意思明显，句子的主语和动词都可省略。

特

殊

形

式

的

状

语

从

句

that

We are sure (that )the four modernization will be realized in China .

我们相信四化一定会在中国实现。

I’m sorry (that) I didn’t have time to write you sooner.

很抱歉，我没有抽出时间早点给你写信。

I am afraid that I can’t go with you.

恐怕我不能同你一起去了。

that 引导的从句，往往跟在一个做表语的形容词后面，从句概念上看是宾语，所以有的语法家把它看做是宾语从句，但结构上看，也可以把它看作是一个特殊的状语从句，用来修饰表语的形容词。这种从句的连词常常被省略。

【专项训练】：

Ⅰ、选择填空：

1、You like sports     I’d like to read.

       A．when              B．while              C．but                 D．yet

2、        we were singing, the teacher came in.

       A．Before            B．after               C．As                  D．Until

 3、I was about to leave my house       the phone rang.

       A．while              B． when            C．as                   D．after

4、They did not stop fighting        there was no enemy left.

       A．until               B．after               C．when              D．since

5、I have not seen him      he went to college.

       A．when             B．before             C．as                   D．since

 6、It is five days        we came here.

       A．when              B．before             C．as                   D．since

 7、It was not long       he got to know it.

       A．when              B．before             C．after               D．until

 8、We shall go      we are free.

       A．whenever        B．whatever        C．wherever        D．however

9、        I live I must serve the people heart and soul.

       A．When             B．So long as       C．As soon as      D．On condition

10、I was reading a novel       he was watchingTV.

       A．when              B．while              C．before            D．as

11、Put the medicine      you can easily get it.

       A．so that           B．where             C．which             D．there

12、We will go      the Party wants us to go.

       A．wherever        B．there              C．to the place    D．which

13、         there is a will there is a way.

       A．When             B．Where            C．Whether         D．How  

14、I am going       you went last week.

       A．where             B．wherever        C．when              D．the place

15、        you go , you should bear the motherland in your mind.

       A．Where            B．Wherever       C．Whatever              D．However

16、        weather permits, we’ll have an outing.

       A．For                B．Though          C．While             D．If

17、You won’t succeed      harder.

       A．unless you will work     B．unless you work   C．unless you don’t work  D．if you won’t work

18、I wonder if he         us, and I think if he      us we’ll be able to complete the task ahead of time.

       A．helps, helps           B．will help, helps    C．helps, will help     D．will help, will help

19、I don’t like to be interrupted if I          .

       A．speak                 B．will speak       C．am speaking          D．spoke

 20、If you      this experiment you will understand the theory better.

       A．will be doing         B．have done       C．will have done              D． would do

21、I would like to do it         I like it.

       A．since        B．because                  C．because of             D．now that

 22、         everybody is here, Let’s set off.

       A．Since              B．Because                 C．For                        D．After

 23、It was          he was ill that he was absent yesterday.

       A．because          B．as                          C．since               D．now that

 24、        it is raining, we had better take a taxi.

       A．For                 B．As                         C．Because of            D．When

 25、“Why can’t you do it now?”“        I’m too busy.”

       A．Since              B．As                         C．Because                 D．For

26、He must have passed this way,       here are his footprints.

       A．since        B．because of             C．now that               D．for

 27、          everybody is here, Let’s begin our meeting.

       A．Now that        B．Because                 C．For                        D．When

28、His speech made          deep impression on the audience that they could hardly forget it.

       A．such a            B．so a                       C．so                          D．such

29、They worked hard      they finished their work ahead of time.

       A．so                   B．so that                   C．such that               D．so as to

30、He was       weak        he couldn’t stand up.

       A．such, that              B．so, that                  C．very, that                     D．so, as to

31、The foreigner spoke         his interpreter could hardly catch his words.

       A．such fast that B．so fast           C．so fast that            D．so fastly that

32、The book is          it gives a wrong idea of the facts.

    A．so writing that      B．such written that          C．such writing that        D．so written that

33、The house cost      we didn’t buy it.

       A．so much money that            B．so many money that

       C．such much money that        D．such many money that

34、It is        all of us can do it.

       A．so easy exercise that      B．such easy an exercise

       C．such easy exercise         D．so easy an exercise that

35、She has        she remembers all the names of the students she has taught.

       A．so good memory that      B．such a good memory that

       C．such good memory that         D．good memory

36、They stopped at Tianjing       they might visit the TV tower.

       A．so                  B．because                  C．so that            D．in order

37、We all got up early       we might start at six.

       A．in order that B．in order to             C．so                  D．so as to

38、Let the dog loose so that it        have a run.

       A．should           B．must               C．could              D．need

39、         clearly so that your teacher      you correctly.

       A．Write, can understand                       B．Having written, can understand

       C．To write, could understand                D．Writing, will understand

40、He started early so that he       there in time.

       A．could get               B．got                 C．had got          D．would have got

41、       it was late , she went on working.

       A．Though                 B．Because          C．Since              D．Whether

42、       we fail , we        trying.

       A．Even if , don’t stop                                   B．Even though, won’t stop

       C．Even, will not stop                             D．Even although, shall never stop

43、       the pain was bad,       he did not complain.

       A．Although, but              B．Though, but   C．Though, yet           D．Even, still      

44、      physics, he likes maths better.

       A．As he much likes   B．Much as he likes   C．Much likes as he      D．Likes much as he

45、        telephones, tell him I’m out.

       A．No matter whoever                     B．Who        C．Whoever        D．Anyone

46、We’ll carry the reform to the end         happens.

       A．no matter how              B．whatever        C．anything                      D．no matter which

47、It takes       time to go there by plane than by ship.

       A．far fewer               B．far less            C．much fewer           D．more less

48、He is taller than      in his class.

       A．others                    B．all the students     C．any other one       D．the other

49、       it was finished in time.

       A．As the work was difficult            B．Difficult as the work was

       C．Difficult as was the work            D．As was the work difficult

50、I am sorry         I have caused so much trouble.

       A．that                             B．for                  C．as                          D．since

 51、       he came, he would bring us a lot of flowers.

       A．Every times          B．one time         C．Every time            D．Once a time

 52、I’ll tell him about it      I see him.

       A．as soon as              B．so soon as            C．while    D．as

 53、I had hardly sat down      the telephone rang

       A．than                     B．when              C．as                         D．after

 54、Sit      you like.

       A．where                    B．at the place     C．as                         D．wherever

 55、       he wasn’t ready in time, we went without him.

       A．Since                    B．As                  C．For                        D．Because of

 56、All plants need air     they need water.

       A．like                       B．as if               C．as                         D．so

 57、Work hard      you can succeed.

       A．in order to            B．so that            C．for fear that          D．in case

       58、If you       I will go with you.

       A．go to                     B．went              C．will                       D．should go

 59、The hard he works,       he will make.

       A．the greater            B．the greater progress    C．and the more        D．more

 60、      we have thought it over , we’ll take       steps.

       A．Till, not         B．When , no             C．Until, any                    D．Until, no            

     Ⅱ、改错

1、It won’t matter even he refuses.

2、Jim imagined that the whole world knew of his achievements, when in fact only a few people had        heard of it .

3、He realized that his house must have been broken into the minute he got home and saw that        everything was in a mess.

4、He was looking for the dictionary whenever he thought he might have put it .

5、No matter if he is free, he must go to the library.

6、I have not missed a play or a concert when I was seventeen years old.

7、Next time that I plan to travel in London, I’m going to take a plane.

8、I’m not going to talk on the point any further, though it is neither important nor very interesting.

9、Much since I like all the books, I can’t afford to buy them.

10、Alic was waiting for the bus then she noticed a thief running out of a shop.

11、It has been two and a half months ago since he left.

12、Though the work was difficult, but we managed to finish it in time.

13、The test shows that Jack has a much quicker mind than any student in his class.

14、He left for Guangzhou by train last Monday. He ought to have arrived, I think..

15、They wrote to the boss in order they could improve their working conditions.

16、He goes fishing wherever he has time, which is not often.

17、I don’t know when he comes tomorrow . If he comes , let me know at once.

18、When you read a book, you’d better make a mark that you have any questions.

19、Ships are much more slower than planes that few people take them on business.

20、She has such little education that she is unfit for the job.

【答案】：

Ⅰ、1、 B            2、C             3、B             4、A             5、D             6、D             7、B      8、A             9、B             10、B            11、B            12、A      13、B             14、A           15、B     16、D           17、B            18、B      19、C           20、B            21、B            22、A           23、A    24、B     25、C           26、D           27、A           28、A         29、B            30、B            31、C    32、D    33、A           34、D           35、B            36、C           37、A           38、C    39、A    40、A           41、A           42、B            43、C           44、B            45、C       46、B      47、B       48、C           49、B            50、A           51、C           52、A       53、B             54、D    55、B            56、C           57、B            58、C           59、B        60、D

Ⅱ、1、even后加if                         2、when―while                 3、minute―moment  

       4、whenever―wherever            5、if ―whether                 6、when ―since

       7、that去掉或改为when         8、though―because           9、since―as

       10、then―when                        11、ago去掉               12、but去掉             

       13、any 后加other                  14、Ö                                 15、order 后加that          16、wherever―whenever

       17、第一个comes―will come （宾从时态不限）                    18、that―where        

       19、more去掉                          20、such―so

十、“It”的用法和“There be”结构

知识要点：

一、代词it

用   法

例              句

代替前文提到过的东西或事情，用作人称代词。

This is a new dictionary. I bought it yesterday.

这是一本新词典，我昨天买的。

Tom joined the army last mouth. Do you know about it?

汤姆上月入伍了，你知道这事吗？

代替指示代词，起着this或that的作用

Is this your car? No, it isn’t. 这是你的汽车吗？不是。

What’s that?―It’s a video. 那是什么？它是一台录像机。

Whose room is this?―It is theirs.这是谁的房间，是他们的。

指明某人或某物的身分，还可指不明性别的婴儿

Who’s there? It’s me. (It’s John) 谁在那儿？是我。（是约翰）

Go and see who it is that rings. It’s Bill.

去看看是谁来的电话，是比尔。

The Greens have a new baby. It’s lovely.

格林家有一个新生婴儿。它很可爱。

指时间，距离，自然现象（天气，气候，明暗）量度，价值等

It’s Sunday today.  今天是星期天。

It’s three months since he came here.

自从他来到这里，已经三个月了。

How far is it to the Great Wall .到长城有多远？

It’s getting dark.  天快黑了。

―How much is the coat?  ―It’s ninety dollars.

这件衣服多少钱？九十美元。

二、引导词it

用  法

例                  句

形

代替不定式短语

It is up to you to decide.  这事要由你决定。

It makes me happy to hear you have recovered.

听说你恢复了健康，这使我很高兴。

式

主

代替动名词短语

It’s no good smoking.   吸烟没有好处。

It’s worthwhile working the whole night on the problem.

用整夜的时间来研究那个问题是值得的。

语

代替主语从句

It doesn’t matter what you do. 你干什么都没有关系。

It seems that everyone has known the news.

好象大家都知道这个消息。

形式

代替不定式短语

I consider it better to be early.

我认为能够早一些更好。

We found it impossible to get there before July .

我们觉得，要在七月以前到达那里是不可能的。

宾语

代替动名词短语

We thought it no use doing that.

我们认为做那事没有用。

代替宾语从句

The teacher makes it clear that everyone should hand in his homework on time .

老师清楚地指出，每个人都应该按时交作业。

强调句型：It is (was) +被强调部分+ that (who) + 其它

强调

部分

例          句

说     明

主

语

It is I who am to blame. 是我该受责怪。

It was your uncle that (who) came yesterday.

昨天来的是你叔叔。

原句的谓语动词如果是现在或将来时态用It is …that(who)如果原句谓语动词是过去时态，则用It was…that(who)。在

宾

语

It was a new pen that Mother gave me .

母亲给我的是一支新钢笔。

强调时间，地点，原因或方式时不要用when, where, how, 必须用that。

地点

It was in the classroom that I left my umbrella.

我把雨伞就落在了教室里。

状

时间

It is at eleven that the train leaves.

火车是在十一点钟离开。

方式

It was just as he ordered that I acted.

我正是照他吩咐的那样做的。

语

原因

It was because he was in trouble that I tried my best to help him.

正是因为他处境困难我才尽力帮助他。

宾

补

 It was red that we painted the gate.

我们把门油漆成红的颜色。

It was chairman that they elected him .

他们选他担任的是主席的职务。

there be结构

Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.

自从1978年以来中国发生了巨大的变化。

As soon as I arrive in Shanghai, I’ll write to you.我一到上海就给你写信。

状语从句在主句之前时一般用逗号与主句分开，如从句在主句之后则不必用标点符号。

非

限

制

性

定

语

从

句

人

物

没有固定的先行词而是一个句子

who

whom

which

which

as

George ,who is my classmate, has won a scholarship.

乔治获得了奖学金，他是我的同学。

Dr. Li , whom I know very well, will come here tomorrow.

李大夫明天将来这儿，我跟他很熟悉。

I gave him a New Year card ,which he enjoyed very much.

我给他一张贺年卡，他很喜欢它。

He studies hard at school when he was young, which leads to his success in his later life .

他年轻时在校学习努力，这导致了他后来生活中的成功。

He gets up early ，as is always his habit.

他总是早起床，这是他的习惯。

John was admitted into the college, as we had expected.

约翰被大学录取了，这是我们期待的。

The earth ,as is known to all ,is round.

人人皆知，地球是圆的。

who, whom不能省去，也不能用that代替

which指物，不可省去，也不能用that代替

which作主语指它前面的整个句子，不可用that代替，强调结果。

as指全句，在从句中做主语。

as指全句意思，在从句中做宾语。

as引导的定语从句可以放在句首，句中或句末。

This is the same book as I lost yesterday.

这本书与我昨天丢失的那本书一样。

用于the same… as, such… as ,as…as等结构中。

（3）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句

从句与先行词的关系

从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，如果省去，主句的意思就会不完整或不明确。

从句只是对先行词的附加说明，如果省去,主句的意思仍然清楚或完整

标  点

从句和主句之间不用逗号分开

从句和主句之间通常用逗号分开

_关

_系

_代

_词

指人who (that) whom

指物which (that)

人和物whose

关系代词在从句中作宾语时可以省去

指人who（作主语）whom（做宾语）

指物which

人和物的whose

关系代词一般不可省

修饰

从句只修饰一个名词或代词

可以修饰一个名词或代词也可修饰整个主句

翻译

定语从句译在被修饰词的前面

定语从句通常被译成另一个独立的句子

【专项训练】

       1．Football         is a very interesting game , is played all over the world．

       A．that               B．which      C．it            D．who

       2．Is there anything else          you require?

       A．which             B．that     C．who                D．what

       3．The last place        we visited was the Great Wall．

       A．which             B．that         C．where          D．it

       4．He talked happily about the men and books       interested him greatly in the school．

       A．which      B．who       C．it     D．that

       5．The reailway tunnel,though        the train goes, will be completed soon．

       A．which            B．that      C．it                  D．whom

       6．His uncle works in a factory        bicycles are made．

       A．that               B．which     C．where         D．there

       7．There is no dictionary          you can find everything．

       A．that         B．which       C．where             D．in that

       8．Next month,         you’ll spend in your hometown is coming．

       A．which      B．that        C．when                     D．where

       9．Next month,           you’ll be in your hometown is coming．

       A．which      B．that     C．when              D．where

       10．I often thought of my childhood ,         I lived on a farm．

       A．which      B．where          C．when                D．who

       11．He wanted to know the time           he needed to know ．

       A．that                B．when        C．where                    D．what

       12．There isn’t so much noise in the country           in big cities．

       A．that                B．which         C．where                 D．as

       13．They could only read such stories            had been rewritten in simple English ．

       A．that                B．which      C．as                     D．what

       14．The stems of bamboo are hollow           makes them very light．

       A．which      B．as     C．that            D．it

       15．Crusoe’s dog hecame ill and died ,          made him very lonely ．

       A．as                  B．which      C．that                         D．this

       16．They’ve invited me to their party ,          is kind of them．

       A．as         B．which       C．That               D．this

       17．          we know now ,bats come out only at night ．

       A．As          B．Which     C ．That         D．What

       18．John got beaten in the game ,        had been expected ．

       A．as           B．that     C．what              D．who

       19．         has been said above ,grammar is a set of dead rules．

       A．Which            B．What       C．That                D．As

       20．Do you know the reason           he was late?

       A．that                B．which        C．for what               D．for which

       21．He built a telescope          he could study the skies．

       A．in which                      B．with that     C．through which    D．by it

       22．I have bought two ballpens ,           writes well ．

       A．none of which       B．neither of which    C．none of them            D．neither of them

       23．There are two thousand students in our school ,          are girls ．

       A．of whom two thirds B．two -thirds of them   C．two -third in them       D．two -thirds in which

       24．Do you know the man          ?

       A．whom I spoke       B．to who I spoke    C．I spoke to             D．that I  spoke

       25．The factory         we’ll visit next week isn’t far from here ．

       A．where            B．in which     C．which            D．to which

       26．This is one of the best films           this year．

       A．have been shown   B．that have shown  C．that have been shown    D．which has been shown

       27．Can you lend me the book          the other day ?

       A．you talked about B．about that you talked   C．that you talked   D．which you talked

       28．Is there any one in you class           family is in the city ．

       A．who               B．who’s       C．which      D．whose

       29．I’ll never forget the days           we stayed together．

       A．when             B．in which         C．which         D．what

       30．Is           some German friends visited last week ?

       A．this school     B．this the school       C．this school one               D．this school where

       31．I’ll tell you           he told me last month ．

       A．all which       B．all what     C．that all           D．all

       32．Do you know the reason           she got so angry yesterday?

       A．for why         B．for that      C．which                    D．why

       33．I still remember the day          she first wore that pink dress．

       A．which            B．in which      C．on that                D．on which

       34．I’ll show you a store           you may buy all         you need ．

       A．in which , /            B．where , which       C．which , that      D．that , that

       35．Winter is the time of year            the days are short and nights are long．

       A．where     B．when       C．that                 D．on which

       36．The train           she was travelling was late．

       A．which            B．on which      C．for which                   D．on that

       37．The second World War            millions of  people were killed ended in 1945．

       A．during which               B．in that       C．where     D．on which

       38．Is oxygen the only gas          helps fire burn ?

       A．that                B．/        C．which             D．it

       39．This is the best hotel in the city           I know ．

       A．which      B．that       C．where        D．it

       40．I’ve read all the books            were borrowed from the library ．

       A．that                B．/        C．which      D．they

       41．The scientist and his achievements           you told me about are admired by us all．

       A．which             B．who       C．that                   D．whose

       42．She hasn’t got enough money           to buy the rings ．

       A．which            B．that     C．with which     D．for which

       43．Finally came the day           he bad to beging his study for the next term．

       A．which      B．since        C．that         D．till

       44．We hope to get such a tool         he is using ．

       A．which      B．as        C．that              D．where

       45．Is there anything          to you ．

       A．that is belonged    B．that belongs   C．which belongs     D．that belong

       46．You can take any seat           is free ．

       A．which     B．where     C．that            D．in which

       47．The old woman has two sons ,one           is a teacher．

       A．of them   B．of which    C．of whom   D．of who

       48．My hometown is no longer the same            it used to be ．

       A．which            B．as      C．that                 D．like

       49．You may take anything useful           ．

       A．you want              B．what you want    C．you want them     D．which you want

       50．He tore up my photo and            upset me ．

       A．that         B．it      C．which        D．what

       51．During the days            , he worked as a servant at the Browns．

       A．followed        B．following   C．to follow    D．that followed

       52．The beautiful dress           Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers ．
     A．that              B．wearing which C．worn by               D．in which

       53．The clever boy made a hole in the wall ,        he could see what was going on inside the house．

       A．in which        B．through which      C．at which               D．on which

       54．The brave man ,           the tiger was shor is a good bunter．

       A．by which       B．by whom     C．by that                D．of whom

       55．The knife           we used to cut the bread is very sharp ．

       A．with  which B．with it    C．with that     D．which

【答案】：

1 B         2 B         3 B         4 D         5 A         6 C         7 C         8 A         9 C         10 C

11 A        12 D              13 C              14 A              15 B              16 B              17 A              18 A              19 D              20 D

21 C              22 B              23 A              24 C              25 C              26 C              27 A              28 D              29 A              30 B

31 D              32 D              33 D              34 A              35 B              36 B              37 A              38 A              39 B              40 A

41 C              42 C              43 C              44 B              45 B              46 C              47C        48 B              49 A              50A

51 D              52 D              53 B              54 B              55 A

八、名词性从句

知识要点：

1、熟悉并掌握各个连接词、关系代词和连接副词的用法。

2、熟悉并掌握复合句即名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句），定语从句和状语从句。

什么叫复合句：由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。在复合句中主句是全句的主体，从句是全句的一个成分，不能独立。

从句通常是用关联词来引导的。在这里关联词还起联系从句和主句的作用。

主从复合句（Complex Sentences）

主语从句（Subject Clauses）

1、名词性从句

表语从句（Predicative Clauses）

Noun Clauses

宾语从句（Object Clauses）

同位语从句（Appositive Clauses）

2、定语从句

（Attributive Clauses）

3、状语从句

（Adverbial Clauses）

注：以it作形式主语，把主语从句后置的常用的句型有：

（1）It + be + 形容词 + that从句

（2）It + be + 名词词组 + that从句

（3）It + be + 过去分词 + that从句

（4）It seem, happen等不及物动词 + that从句

二、常用的关联词

1、从属连词

  that（无词义）；whether是否；if假如，是否

  although(though)虽然；because因为

  when当…时候；before在…前；after在…后

  since既然，自从；as正如，尽管，一边，由于；while在…期间

  as soon as一…就；as long as只要；as if好像

2、连接代词

  who, whom, which, what, whose

3、连接副词

  when, where, why, how

4、关系代词

  who, whom, whose, which, that

5、关系副词

  when, where, why

1、主语从句：

种类

关联词

例     句

说     明

连

that

  That he will come and help you is certain. 他来帮助你是确实无疑的。

  that在句首不可省去

词

whether

  Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。

  主语从句中只能用whether不可用if。

主

语

连接代词

who

what

which

whatever

  What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么，还不清楚。

  Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。

  主语从句放在句首，句子常显得笨重，因此一般

从

句

连接副词

when

where

why

how

  It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。

  Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行，还没有宣布。

把它移到句子后面，前面用引导词“it”来作形式主语。

       2、宾语从句：

种类

关联词

例     句

说    明

陈述意义

that

  I believe(that) he is honest. 我相信他是忠诚的。

We must never think(that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好，别人什么都不好。

  that在句中不担任任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。

宾

疑问意义

if

whether

  I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。

  Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。

  I don’t know if(whether) it is interesting. 我不知道它是否有意思。

  He doesn’t care if it isn’t a fine day. 他不在乎天气是否好。

  whether常与or not连用，不能用if代替。

  作介词宾语要用whether不能用if。

从句是否定句时一般用if引导。

语

特殊疑问意义

who, whom,

which,whose,what, when,

where, why,

how,whoever,

whatever,

whichever

  Please tell me what you want. 请告诉我你需要什么？

  She always thinks of  how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。

  She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人，她都会给予热情的支持。

  宾语从句作及物动词宾语也可做介词的宾语。

从

注1

  We must make it clear that anyone who breaks the law will be punished. 我们必须认清无论谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。

  如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，将从句后置。

句

注2

  We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。

  I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。

  think, believe, imagine, suppose等动词引出的宾语从句，要将从句中的否定形式，移动主句中。

       3、表语从句：

种类

关联词

例   句

说     明

表

连词

that

whether

as if

  The problem is(that) they can’t get here early enough. 问题是他们不能很早到达这里。

  It looks as if it’s going to rain. 看起来天要下雨。

  在非正式的文体中that可以省去。

语

从

连接代词

who

what

which

  That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。

  The question is who(which of you) will be the next speaker. 问题是谁（你们哪一位）接着发言。

  表语从句位于主句系动词之后

句

连接副词

when

where

why

how

  This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。

  That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。

       4、同位语从句：

种类

关联词

例     句

说     明

同

位

语

从

句

  由连词that引导，不担任成分，也可有when, how, where等引导。

  The news that he had landed on the moon spread all over the world. 他曾在月球上登陆这个消息传遍世界。

  I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。

  The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。

  He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not. 他必须回答他是否同意此事这样一个问题。

  同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容，常用的名词如：fact, news, idea, hope, thought,question, order, fear, doubt, word, proof， belief, story等。

名词性从句包括四种从句即主语从句、表词从句、宾语从句和同位词从句。名词性从句的特点：that 、who、 whom、 what 、whether及 when、 where引导名词性从句时必须是陈述句词序：
1、主词从句：

That light travels in straight line is known to all .(That 引导主语从句不可省)
When the plan is to take off hasn’t been announced ．

主语从句通常以it 做形主语出现

It was my fault that I had him play foatball all faternoon.

It is important that we should go to the school to talk with the teacher.

2、表语从句，即名词性从句放在表语位置就是表语从句，需要注意的，主语是 reason时，表语要用that引导而不是because．
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .

3、宾语从句that 常可以省略，并且注意时态呼应，当主句为过去时时，从句时态一定往前推移，不可出现现在时或现在完成时。

The teacher told us that Tomo had left us for America．

4、同位语从句注意与定语从句区别，同位语从句对前一名词做补充说明，在从句中无语法位置，而定语从句所修饰词在从句中占一语法位置如：

The idea that one can do the work without thinking is wrong．( 同位idea在从句中无位置，而从句只是具体说明idea的内容）。

The idea that you put forward at the meeting is wrong ．(定语从句，idea做put forward 的宾语)。

【专项训练】

        1．I wonder how much          ．

       A．cost these shoes     B．do these shoes cost     C．these shoes cost     D．are these shoes cost

       2．Nobody knew            ．

       A．where he comes     B．where he was from C．where he is from D．where does he come from

       3．Excuse me ,would you please tell me            ．

       A．when the sports meet will be taken place ．

       B．when was the sports meet going to be held．

       C．when is the sports meet to begin ．

       D．when the sports meet is to take place ．

       4．Cornputers can only give cut            has been stored in them .

       A．that               B．which    C．what      D．anything

       5．She wanted to know           ．

       A．whether I knew her and where did she work

      B．if I knew her and the factory she worked there

       C．wherther I knew her and the factory she worked

       D．if I knew her and the factory where she worked

       6．My friend wouldn’t tell me           his new car ．

       A．how much he paid for                B．how much did he pay

       C．he paid how much for                D．did he pay how much

       7．A simple experiment shows            air has some strength ．

       A．what              B．that     C．which            D．who

       8．He           you are not going abroad．

       A．surprised that       B．is surprised that    C．surprised at               D．is surprised whether

       9．Father asked             ．

       A．what was wrong with me           B．what’s wrong with me

       C．what wrong was with me           D．what wrong is with me

       10．It doesn’t matter              I rest or not ．

       A．if                   B．whether    C．that                  D．when

       11．The trouble is           we are short of tools ．

       A．what       B．that     C．how               D．why that

       12．That is             there appears a rainbow in the sky ．

       A．what              B．when     C．why             D．however

       13．           I can’t understand is            he wants to change his mind．

       A．That , that            B．Which , what    C．What , what           D．What, why

       14．It is possible            he misunderstood           I said．

       A．that ,that              B．what, what       C．what , that           D．that , what

       15．The thought           he might fail in the exam worried him ．

       A．which            B．that        C．when              D．/

       16．The fact           he is an orphan is well known．

       A．wha                B．that         C．which             D．/

       17．            I was free that evening

       A．It happened to      B．It happened that    C．That happened         D．It was happened that

       18．          I will accept the gift is none of your business．

       A．If            B．Whether         C．What      D．Which

       19．          I have will be yours sooner or later ．

       A．No matter what     B．No matter whatever      C．Whatever D．That

       20．He always thinks            he can do more for the people．

       A．of how           B．how       C．of that              D．why

       21．           in the newspaper that the Japanese Minister will arrive next Monday ．

       A．It says            B．It is said         C．It has said      D．He is said

       22．We think it important          college students should master at least one foreign language ．

       A．which            B．that        C．what                D．whether

       23．Comrade Wang is to give us a talk on          he saw and heard in Britain．

       A．what                     B．all what      C．that               D．which

       24．The town is no longer            it was ten years ago．

       A．which            B．that           C．what                  D．when

       25．            told yuou that was lying ．

       A．who                B．whoever       C．Anyone              D．The person

       26．Word came           I was wanted at the office．

       A．which            B．why        C．that                 D．whether

       27．           nothing to do with us ．

       A．What he did is      B．What he has done    C．What did he do      D．What he has done has

       28．The problem is            will go ．

       A．that                      B．that who      C．who                    D．whoever

       29．          there is life on another planet is almost impossible．

       A．How              B．That         C．Why             D．Whether

       30．          was a well -known fact．

       A．That their team was weak           B．That their team being weak

       C．Their team was weak                  D．If their team was weak

【答案】：

1 C         2 B         3 D         4 C         5 D         6 A         7 B         8 B         9 A         10 B

11 B        12 C              13 D              14 D              15 B       &nb