It is well-known that when an individual joins a group, he tends to accept the group’s standards of behavior and thinking. Many illustrations（事例）could be given of this from everyday life, but what is of particular interest to psychologists（心理学家）is the extent to which people’s judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group pressure, Asch and others noticed that people in a group will agree to statements that are contrary to the evidence of their senses. It would be a mistake to think that only particularly docile（听话的）people are chosen to take part in experiments of this type. Usually highly intelligent and independent people are used. In a typical experiment, this is what may happen.

   The experimenter asks for volunteers to join a group which is investigating visual perception（视觉）.The victims are not, therefore, aware of the real purpose of the experiment. Each volunteer is taken to a room where he finds a group of about seven people who are cooperating with the experimenter. The group is shown a standard card which contains a single line. They are then asked to look at a second card. This has three lines on it. One is obviously longer than the line on the first card; one is shorter and one the same length. They have to say which line on the second card is the same length as the line on the standard card. The other members of the group answer first but what the volunteer does not know is that they have been told to pick one of the wrong lines. When his turn comes, he is faced with the unanimous（全体一致的）opinion of the rest of the group-all the others have chosen line A but he quite clearly sees line B as correct. What will be do? According to Asch, more than half of the vietims chosen will change their opinion. What is equally surprising is that, when interviewed about their answers, most explained that they knew the group choice was incorrect but that they gave in to the pressure of the group because they thought they must be suffering from an optical illusion（视错觉）， or because they were afraid of being different.

53．The psychologists are particularly interested in       .

   A．the changes in the attitudes of the people

   B．the degree of changes of people’s opinions

   C．the result of the experiment

   D．the difference in people’s characters

54．People who are usually chosen to take part in the experiments are       .

   A．independent                                             B．easily guided

   C．foolish                                                    D．capable of reasoning

55．Which of the following statements is true?

   A．The experimenter and all the members of the group except the victim know the purpose of the experiment.

   B．All of them know the purpose of the experiment.

   C．Only the experimenter knows the purpose of the experiment.

   D．Only the victim knows the purpose of the experiment

56．More than half of the victims changed their opinion because       .

   A．someone in the group changed their opinion

   B．they thought their eyes must be cheated

   C．they thought the group choice was correct

   D．they had been told about the answer

It is well-known that when an individual joins a group, he tends to accept the group’s standards of behavior and thinking．Many illustrations（事例）could be given of this from everyday life, but what is of particular interest to psychologists is the extent to which people’s judgments and opinions can be changed as a result of group pressure．Asch and others noticed that people in a group will agree to statements that are contrary to the evidence of their senses．It would be a mistake to think that only particularly docile（听话的）people are chosen to take part in experiments of this type．Usually highly intelligent and independent people are used．In a typical experiment, this is what may happen． 

       The experimenter asks for volunteers to join a group which is investigating visual perception（视觉）．The subjects are not, therefore, aware of the real purpose of the experiment．Each volunteer is taken to a room where he finds a group of about seven people who are cooperating with the experimenter．The group is shown a standard card which contains a single line． They are then asked to look at a second card． This has three lines on it．One is obviously longer than the line on the first card; one is shorter and one the same length．They have to say which line on the second card is the same length as the line on the standard card．The other members of the group answer first but what the volunteer does not know is that they have been told to pick one of the wrong lines． When his turn comes, he is faced with the unanimous（全体一致的）opinion of the rest of the group----all the others have chosen line A but he quite clearly sees line B as correct．What will be done? According to Asch, more than half of the subjects chosen will change their opinion．What is equally surprising is that, having interviewed about their answers, most explained that they knew the group choice was incorrect but they gave in to the pressure of the group because they thought they must be suffering from an optical illusion（视错觉）, or because they were afraid of being different．

1．The psychologists are particularly interested in       ．

A．the changes in the attitudes of the people

B．the degree of changes of people’s opinions

C．the result of the experiment

D．the difference in people’s characters

2．People who are usually chosen to take part in the experiments are       ．

A．independent                                                 B．easily guided 

C．foolish                                                        D．capable of reasoning

3．Which of the following statements is true?

A．The experimenter and all the members of the group except the subject know the purpose of the experiment．

B．All of them know the purpose of the experiment． 

C．Only the experimenter knows the purpose of the experiment．

D．Only the subject knows the purpose of the experiment

4．More than half of the subjects changed their opinion because       ．

A．someone in the group changed their opinion

B．they thought their eyes must be cheated

C．they thought the group choice was correct

D．they had been told about the answer