4、It was once thought that air pollution affected only the area around large urban districts with factories and heavy automobile traffic. Today, we know that although these are the areas with the worst air pollution, the problem is literally(=really) worldwide. On several occasions over the past decade, a heavy cloud of air pollution has covered the entire eastern half of the United States and led to health warnings even in rural areas away from any major concentration of manufacturing（制造业的） and automobile traffic. In fact, the very climate of the entire earth may be affected by air pollution. Some scientists feel that the increasing concentration of carbon dioxide in the air resulting from the burning of fossil fuels is creating a “greenhouse effect” holding in heat reflected from the earth and raising the world’s average temperature. If this view is correct and the world’s temperature is raised only a few degrees, much of the polar ice cap will melt and cities such as New York, Boston, Miami, and New Orleans will be under water.

Another view, less widely held, is that increasing particulate matter（颗粒物质）in the atmosphere is blocking sunlight and lowering the earth’s temperature a result that would be equally disastrous（损失惨重的）. A drop of just a few degrees could create something close to new ice age and would make agriculture difficult or impossible in many of our top farming areas. At present we do not know for sure that either of these conditions will happen (though one recent government report prepared by experts in the field concluded that the greenhouse effect is very likely). Perhaps, if we are very lucky, the two tendencies will offset each other and the world’s temperature will stay about the same as it is now.

51. As pointed out at the beginning of the passage, people used to think that air pollution       .

       A. caused widespread damage in the countryside

       B. affected the entire eastern half of the United States

       C. had damaging effects on health

       D. existed merely in urban and industrial areas

52. As far as the greenhouse effect is concerned, the author       .

       A. shares the same view with the scientists

       B. is uncertain of its occurrence

       C. rejects it as being ungrounded

       D. thinks that it will destroy the world soon

53. The word “offset” (Para. 2) could best be replaced by       .

       A. slip into                B. make up for          C. set up                   D. catch up with

54. It can be inferred from the passage that           .

       A. raising the world’s temperature only a few degrees wouldn’t do much harm to life on earth

       B. lowering the world’s temperature merely a few degrees would lead many major farming areas to disaster

       C. almost no temperature variations have occurred over the past decade

       D. the world’s temperature will remain constant in the years to come

55. This passage is primarily concerned with       .

       A. the greenhouse effect                            B. the burning of fossil fuels

       C. the potential effect of air pollution           D. the likelihood of a new ice age

3、When people ask your children to “get an education”, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to give manpower for your society.

Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you are occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Washington or Thomas Edison and you can successfully stop study in primary schools.

Get a college degree, if possible. With a BA, you should start to find a job. You have to put on the brakes now. If you do go for a master’s degree, make sure it is an MBA and only from a first class university. Otherwise, the famous law of diminishing (报酬递减率) begins to work.

Do you know, for example, that long distance truck drivers make more money a year than full professors? Yes, each driver was paid $28,000 in 1997 while a full professor managed to get $27,930.

A PhD is the highest degree you can get, but except in a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial aim, you are facing a not very bright future. There are more PhDs unemployed in this country than in any other part of the world by far.

If you became a PhD in English or history or political science or languages or worst of all in philosophy（哲学）, you take the risk of becoming over educated for our national demands.

Thousands of PhDs are selling shoes, driving taxis, waiting on tables and filling out applications month after month, and then may be taking a job in some high school or college with the pay much less than a doorkeeper makes.

46. According to the writer, society expects education to turn out people who will       .

       A. raise their payment                  

       B. get employed

       C. become specialized in some field

       D. meet the demands as a source of manpower

47. Longdistance truck drivers make more money a year than full professors because         .

       A. the famous law of diminishing functions

       B. long distance truck drivers only get a high school diploma

       C. full professors are PhDs in English or history

       D. long distance truck drivers work harder than full professors

48. If you don’t want to be occupationally dead, you       .

       A. should look for a job in a primary school

       B. must at least get a high school diploma

       C. have to get as high an education as possible

       D. should try to avoid being overeducated in philosophy

49. The underlined phrase “put on the brakes” in the 3 rd paragraph means “      ”.

       A. stop learning for a high degree

       B. take up a master’s degree at once

       C. go on studying in a first class university

       D. find any interesting job

50. What can we know from the passage?

       A. The higher education you get, the more money you will earn.

       B. There are more PhDs than the society demands.

       C. Neither George Washington nor Edison received formal education.

       D. If you are specialized in physics, you can’t get a good job easily.

2、After I finished school, I began to look for work. Now, several months later, I had not found ___31___ kind of work I was interested in ___32___.

One morning I received a phone call. “Is that Jenny Smith?” a man asked. “I have been told you’re looking for a job.” I agreed. Then he went ___33___. “I hear that you did well in your studies and ___34___ you were active in sports. Well, I might have a ___35___ for you. If you have ___36___ (interesting) in it, come over to my office. I’ m Tim Brown of the All-Star Clothing Factory.”

I went up to see Mr. Brown that afternoon. While ___37___ (ask) me questions, he looked at me, up and down carefully.

At last he said, “Ok, I’ll let you have the job.” My heart started beating ___38___ (fast ). Would he take me on as a laboratory assistant? I wanted to become a scientist or an engineer some day. When he spoke again, I couldn’t believe my ___39___. ___40___ he needed was not a future scientist, but a model.

1、Here is a phrase we hear a lot: “You can’t trust anybody anymore.” Doctors and politicians and merchants and salesmen. It isn’t necessarily so.

Man named Steven Bill   21   the theory. In New York City, with taxicab drivers.  Brill pretended to be a wealthy foreigner with little   22   of English.  He got into several dozen   23   around New York City to see how many drivers would   24   him.  His friends predicted in advance that most would   25   the advantage of him in some way.

One driver out of thirty-seven cheated him.  The   26   took him directly to his destination and charged him   27  .  Several   28   to take him when his destination was only a block or two away, even getting out of their cabs to show him how __29   he already was. The greatest irony (讽刺) of all was that several   30      warned him that New York City was full of crooks (骗子) and to be careful. 

Who says people are no damn good?  What kind of talk is that?

40、It is difficult to           the exact meaning of some words when you translate them into a foreign language.

A. show off          B. turn out                   C. bring out                 D. take to

39、We can see monuments here and there. Those who have made great          to human beings and society will never be forgotten.

      A. advance            B. progress                  C. contribution             D. achievement

38、Recently, there ________ a boom in population mobility, and according to the survey in 2000, 17 percent of the population _______ every year.

       A. is; moves          B. has been; moves             C. is; move                   D. has been; move

37、Anyone who has spent time with children          the difference in the way boys and girls           similar situations.

       A．aware of; respond to                           B．is aware of; respond to

       C．aware; responding                               D．is aware of; respond