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脱式计算与简便运算
7
13
-0.4+
6
13
-
3
5
=
0
0
78-4.5-22-45
1
2
=
6
6
2-(6
5
12
-2.5)÷3
=
25
36
25
36
4
7
×
1
4
+0.25×
3
7
-
1
4
=
0
0
6-
5
3
×
1
2
-
1
6
=
5
5
〔1-(
1
12
-
1
18
)〕÷
5
8
=
14
9
14
9
9
8
-
3
13
÷
9
26
-
1
3
=
1
8
1
8
5
11
÷7+
1
7
×
6
11
=
1
7
1
7
5+3.6×2.5÷0.48=
23.75
23.75
22-
3
4
×
1
2
-
5
8
=
21
21
299÷(299+
299
300
)
=
300
301
300
301
[
13
8
-(
5
8
+
5
7
)]×
3
4
=
3
14
3
14
3.6×2
8
25
÷16.9÷(3
3
5
×1.1 6)×1.3=
2
13
2
13
1
1x2
+
1
2x3
+
1
3x4
+…+
1
99x100
=
99
100
99
100
分析:(1)可根据加法交换律及结合律进行计算;
(2)、(5)、(7)、(10)可根据一个数减几个数等于用这个数减去这几个数的和的减法性质计算;
(3)、(6)可根据四则混合运算的运算顺序计算:先算乘除,再算加减,有括号的要先算括号里面的;
(4)、(8)可根据乘法分配律进行计算;
(9)可将3.6拆分为9×0.4后再根据乘法结合律计算;
(11)可通过约分进行简算;
(12)可根据一个数减两个数的和,等于用这个数分别减去这两个数的减法性质进行计算;
(13)可根据乘法交换律及结合律进行计算;
(14)可根据分数简算公式
1
n(n+1)
=
1
n
-
1
n+1
进行简便计算.
解答:解:(1)
7
13
-0.4+
6
13
-
3
5

=
7
13
-0.4+
6
13
-0.6,
=(
7
13
+
6
13
)-(0.4+0.6),
=1-1,
=0;

(2)78-4.5-22-45
1
2

=78-(4.5+45.5+22),
=78-72,
=6;

(3)2-(6
5
12
-2.5)÷3

=2-(
77
12
-
30
12
)×
1
3

=2-
47
12
×
1
3

=2-
47
36

=
25
36


(4)
4
7
×
1
4
+0.25×
3
7
-
1
4

=
4
7
×0.25+0.25×
3
7
-0.25,
=(
4
7
+
3
7
-1)×0.25,
=0×0.25,
=0;

(5)6-
5
3
×
1
2
-
1
6

=6-
5
6
-
1
6

=6-(
5
6
+
1
6
),
=6-1,
=5;

(6)〔1-(
1
12
-
1
18
)〕÷
5
8

=[1-(
3
36
-
2
36
))]×
8
5

=[1-
1
36
8
5

=
35
36
×
8
5

=
14
9


(7)
9
8
-
3
13
÷
9
26
-
1
3

=
9
8
-
3
13
×
26
9
-
1
3

=
9
8
-
2
3
-
1
3

=
9
8
-
2
3
+
1
3
),
=
9
8
-1,
=
1
8


(8)
5
11
÷7+
1
7
×
6
11

=
5
11
×
1
7
+
1
7
×
6
11

=(
5
11
+
6
11
)×
1
7

=1×
1
7

=
1
7


(9)5+3.6×2.5÷0.48
=5+9×0.4×2.5÷0.48,
=5+9×(0.4×2.5)÷0.48,
=5+9×1÷0.48,
=5+18.75,
=23.75;

(10)22-
3
4
×
1
2
-
5
8

=22-
3
8
-
5
8

=22-(
3
8
+
5
8
),
=22-1,
=21;

(11)299÷(299+
299
300
)

=299÷299
299
300

=299×
300
299×300+299

=299×
300
299×(300+1)

=
300
301


(12)[
13
8
-(
5
8
+
5
7
)]×
3
4

=[
13
8
-
5
8
-
5
7
3
4

=[1-
5
7
3
4

=
2
7
×
3
4

=
3
14


(13)3.6×2
8
25
÷16.9÷(3
3
5
×1.1 6)×1.3
=3.6×2.32÷16.9÷3.6÷1.16×1.3,
=(3.6÷3.6)×(2.32÷1.16)×1.3÷16.9,
=1×2×1.3÷16.9,
=2.6÷16.9,
=
2
13


(14)
1
1x2
+
1
2x3
+
1
3x4
+…+
1
99x100

=(1-
1
2
)+(
1
2
-
1
3
)+(
1
3
-
1
4
)+…+(
1
99
-
1
100
),
=1-
1
2
+
1
2
-
1
3
+
1
3
-…+
1
99
-
1
100

=1-
1
100

=
99
100

故答案为:0,6,
25
36
,0,5,
14
9
1
8
1
7
,23.75,21,
300
301
3
14
2
13
99
100
点评:完成本题要注意分析式中数据的特点及内在联系,然后选择合适的方法进行计算.
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