解:(1)36+4x=80,
36+4x-36=80-36,
4x=44,
x=11;
(2)50%-
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x=
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,
50%-
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x+
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x=
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+
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x,
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x+
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=
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,
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x
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=
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-
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,
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x=
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,
x=
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;
(3)
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=
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,
2.5x=7.5×12,
2.5x÷2.5=90÷2.5,
x=36;
(4)x÷
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=
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×
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,
x÷
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=
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,
x÷
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×
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=
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×
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,
x=
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.
分析:(1)根据等式的性质,方程两边同减去36得4x=44,再方程的两边同除以4来求解;
(2)根据等式的性质,方程两边同加上
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x得
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+
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=
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,再方程的两边同时减去
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得
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x=
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,进而两边再除以
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即可;
(3)根据比例的性质,把比例转化为2.5x=7.5×12,再根据等式的性质方程的两边同除以2.5即可;
(4)先求出
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×
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的积,再根据等式的性质方程的两边同乘上
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求解即可.
点评:此题考查利用等式的性质解方程,即“方程的两边同时加上或减去一个相同的数,同时乘或除以一个相同的数(0除外),等式仍然成立”;也考查了利用比例的性质解比例,即“两外项之积等于两内项之积”;要注意:在脱式时等号需对齐.