For most students, the time of exams is very stressful and difficult. Some people find exam time so bad
that they become ill, because they are afraid of failing; they are afraid of letting their parents and families down.
If exams are really making you ill or worried, don't hide your feelings. Talk to someone about it. If one person
doesn't help you, ask someone else.
       How to get through exams? Here are some top tips by educational psychologists (教育心理学家): 
       Ask a teacher or tutor about how to revise, and exam skills-how to work when you are in an exam.
       Take short rests during your time of work and revision. If your mind is tired, it will not remember well. 
       Plan your work: revise at times when you know you will work at your best.
       Get enough sleep, and eat healthy food.
       If you feel ill, talk to someone about your worries. But don't be too relaxed! Some stress over exams makes you work hard for them.
       If it upsets (沮丧) you to talk to your friends about an exam when it is finished, don't do it! In fact, don't
even think about the exam you have finished. What is done is done. You cannot change what you have written! 
        To this advice, we would add:
        If you are studying in the evening, don't go straight to bed afterwards. Your mind will still be "going round
and round"-thinking too much. Do something else, maybe walk or get exercise. Choose something that will relax
you, and make you think of other things.

         Leaves are nature's food factories. Plants take water from the ground through their roots. They take a gas
called carbon dioxide (CO₂) from the air. Plants use sunlight to turn water and CO₂ into glucose. Glucose is a
kind of sugar. Plants are glucose as food for energy to grow. The way plants turn water and CO₂ into glucose
is called photosynthesis. That means "putting together with light". A chemical called chlorophyll helps make
photosynthesis happen. Chlorophyll is green. It gives plants their green colour.
         As summer ends and autumn comes, the days get shorter and shorter. This is how the trees "know" to
begin getting ready for winter.
         During winter, there is now enough light or water for photosynthesis. The trees will rest, and live on the
food they have stored during the summer. They begin to close their food-making factories. The green
chlorophyll disappears from the leaves. Then, we begin to see yellow and orange colours. A few of these colors
stay in the leaves all the time. We just can't see them in the summer, because they are covered up by the green
chlorophyll.        
          Red and purple colors we see in leaves are made mostly in the autumn. In some trees, like maples (枫树),
glucose is stored in the leaves after photosynthesis stops. Sunlight and the cool nights of autumn turn this
glucose into red. The brown color of trees like oaks (橡树) is made from wastes left in the leaves.

1. The word "chlorophyll" in the first paragraph means ____ in Chinese.

A. 叶绿素
B. 氧气
C. 胡萝卜素
D. 蛋白质

2. Where is CO₂ from?

A. Ground.
B. Roots.
C. Sunlight.
D. Air.

3. The way ______ is called photosynthesis.

A. plants get CO₂ from the air
B. plants take water from the ground
C. plants turn water and CO₂ into glucose
D. plants use glucose as food for energy to grow

4. Red and purple colors in leaves are made mostly in _______.

5. _______in the leaves changes into red color in autumn.

A. Sunlight
B. Water
C. Glucose
D. Chlorophyll

                                                                   Puppy People 
       Imagine taking a lovely puppy into your family. You love and train it through its first year, knowing
that at the end of the year, you'll have to give it up. That's just what puppy raisers do. Puppy raisers raise
guide dogs for blind and very weak people. 
       When a potential guide dog puppy is about eight weeks old, it goes to live with a family, sleeping inside
the house as a member of the family. It's fine if the family has lots of children or other pets, since a guide
dog needs to learn how to behave no matter who or what else is around.
       The puppy raiser's duty is not to turn the puppy into a guide dog, but to make the dog a well-behaved
family member. That means someone must spend special time with the puppy, playing with it and training it.
        Guide dogs take blind people into a complex world. There are many interesting things that could keep
the dog from working. The puppy raiser helps the puppy become socialized, or well-behaved in groups, by
giving it the chances to experience lots of new environments and praising it when it stays quiet. Visits to the
park, shopping centre, and bus stop are all very helpful field trips for the puppy. Since guide dogs may have
to travel in cars, buses, planes and boats, puppy raisers try to give their puppies useful experiences of this
nature too. Many puppy raisers even take their puppies to work with them. 
        Although the puppy raiser is not responsible for training the puppy to be a guide dog, the puppy can
be taught orders which can be easily understood. Everyday training classes teach the dog such easy orders
as "Sit," "Down," and "Stay." The one order the puppy is not taught is "Heel," because a guide dog stands in
front of the trainer, not at the trainer's side.
        Dogs love to eat, but it is important for future guide dogs to learn to eat only from their own bowls.
They can be easily attracted by smells of food and something they can see while they are working, so there
can be no asking for food at the table and no things from strangers.
        When the dog is between a year and eighteen months old, the puppy raiser's job is over. The dog is
now ready to do its real work. The family members have given their time and care to the dog. When their
work is done, they always feel sad to give up the dog they have loved so much. 
        They can do it only because they know someone else needs the dog more than they do.
1. puppy 小狗                      2. raiser 饲养者                  3. potential 有潜力的
4. behave 行为举止              5. complex 复杂的              6. socialized 合群的
7. praise 表扬                      8. responsible 负责的

A. people love to have them
B. it needs someone to look after it
C. the family can teach him guiding skills
D. it has to learn to become well-behaved

2. The meaning of "Heel" in the 5th paragraph is "_______".

A. Follow me
B. Stay with me
C. Walk beside me
D. Stand in front of me

3. As puppy raisers, they shouldn't _______.

A. feed the puppy at the table
B. take the puppy for field trips
C. praise the puppy when it behaves badly
D. teach the puppy some easy orders

4. According to the text, to raise a puppy guide dog, you have to _______.

A. know a lot about blind people
B. take the dog to work with you
C. give the dog a lot of time and care
D. have many children and other pets