Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to get rid of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus (校园) of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem — how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which uses not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as light bulbs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well that no fuel is needed to make the campus’s six buildings comfortable.

Some parts of most modern buildings — theaters and offices as well as classrooms, are more sufficiently heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned (使用空调的) even in winter. The technique of saving heat and redistributing (再分配) it is called “heat recovery”. A few modern buildings recover heat, but the University’s system is the first to recover heat from buildings and reuse it in others.

Along the way, Pittsburgh has learned a great deal about some of its producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. Male students send out more heat than female students, and the larger a student is, the more heat he produces. We may conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hard working overweight male genius.

1.What is the characteristic of the buildings on Johnstown campus of the University of

Pittsburgh?

A. They collect body heat to control the temperature inside.

B. They are more comfortable to live in than other buildings.

C. They use the light bulbs to heat the classroom.

D. They consume less fuel to keep the classrooms cool.

2.According to the passage, the technique of heat recovery is used ______.

A. to find the producers of heat

B. to provide heat for the hot water system

C. to make the campus more beautiful

D. to collect heat and reuse it

3.The underlined phrase “the hottest prospect” in this passage refers to ______.

A. the person who suffers most from heat

B. the person who needs more heat than others

C. the person who gives off most heat

D. the person who makes better use of heat

4.Which of the following may be the best title for this passage?

A. Recovery of Body Heat

B. Modern Building’s Heat System

C. Body Heat and Its Producers

D. Ways of Heating Building

As an elementary school student in New York City, Robert Lee would stare in disbelief at his classmates throwing away half-eaten sandwiches after lunch. His Korean immigrant parents had taught him and his older brother not to waste food.

While studying finance and accounting at New York University, Robert remembered this lesson and joined Two Birds One Stone, a food-rescue club on campus that delivered, five days a week, uneaten pasta, vegetables, and other leftovers from the dining hall to nearby homeless shelters.

When Robert and fellow club member Louisa Chen entered a college entrepreneurship（创业） contest, they proposed a slightly different idea for a food-rescue nonprofit group: Their program wouldn’t have a donation minimum (meaning they would gladly pick up one bag of leftover bagels or a single pot of soup), would operate seven days a week, and would be run entirely by volunteers.

Their idea won the competition. With the $1,000 prize, they founded Rescuing Leftover Cuisine (RLC) in July 2013. In just the first few weeks, Robert’s team delivered a donation of enough spaghetti and meatballs to feed 20 people in line at a New York City homeless shelter that had run out of food.

Robert, who had taken a job at J.P. Morgan, devoted his spare time to creating a network of New York City restaurants that agreed to donate food, and he found volunteers to make food deliveries to homeless shelters. After RLC received national press attention, homeless shelters and soup kitchens in Portland, Oregon, Washington, DC and other cities reached out to Robert for partnership advice. To date, RLC has distributed more than 250,000 pounds of food in 12 cities around the country.

Only a year into his finance job, Robert gave up his six-figure salary to focus on RLC. “I compared one hour of impact at J.P. Morgan to one hour at RLC, and the difference was just huge,” he says. He’s now the group’s only full-time employee.

“One shelter recently told us that our donations allow them to provide entire dinners for more than 300 people, three nights a week,” Robert says. “Things like that make me glad I quit my job.”

1.Which of the following statements about RLC is NOT true?

A. It became successful immediately.

B. It has attracted nationwide attention.

C. It was started from a food-rescue club.

D. It delivers food to shelters by volunteers.

2.Where did Robert get the money to found RLC?

A. He saved money in college.

B. He won the prize at a competition.

C. He borrowed money from his friend

D. He received donations from restaurants.

3.Why did Robert quit his job at J.P. Morgan?

A. He couldn’t make as much money as he hoped.

B. The job at J.P. Morgan takes too much of his time.

C. RLC needs a full-time employee to develop its business.

D. Working for RLC is more meaningful than for J.P. Morgan

4.According to Robert, which of the following words best describes the job at RLC?

A. rewarding B. surprising

C. tiring D. exciting

The language we use affects the decisions we make, according to a new study. Participants made more reasonable decisions when money-related choices were given in a foreign language that they had learned in a classroom setting than when they were asked in a native tongue.

To study how language affects reasoning, University of Chicago psychologists looked at a well-known phenomenon: people are more risk-taking when a decision irrelevant to their own feelings (such as which medicine to give to a sick elephant) is presented in terms of a potential gain than when it is framed as a potential loss even when the outcomes are the same. In the study, native English speakers who had learned Japanese, native Korean speakers who had learned English and native English speakers studying French in Paris all showed the expected tendency when they were asked the question in their native tongue. In their foreign language, however, the tendency disappeared.

A second set of experiments tested another cognitive (认知的) prejudice –we expect a personal loss will be more painful than the same amount of gain will be pleasant, so the benefit of winning must be disproportionately large for us to take a bet(打赌) (such as gambling with our own money). Again, the foreign-language effect was obvious in two different experiments, one with native Korean speakers and one with native English speakers. The Koreans took more theoretical bets in English than Korean, and the native English speakers took more real bets in Spanish than they did in English.

“When people use a foreign language, their decisions tend to be less prejudiced, more analytic, more systematic, because the foreign language provides psychological distance,” lead author Boaz Keysar suggests. Cognitive prejudices are rooted in emotional reactions, and thinking in a foreign language helps us disconnect from these emotions and make decisions in a more economically reasonable way. This study did not consider, however, the cases in which emotional engagement improves, rather than prevents, our choices: “We have an emotional system for a good reason,” Keysar says.

1.What is the foreign language effect discussed in this passage?

A. People make more reasonable decisions in a foreign language than in their native tongues.

B. Foreign languages play more important roles in making decisions than native languages do.

C. Emotional engagement can prevent reasonable decision makings but improve them as well.

D. Cognitive prejudices are more likely to appear in a foreign language than in a native tongue.

2.What does the underlined sentence mean?

A. People need to win a large sum of money before they decide to take a bet.

B. People are advised not to take a bet if they are not ready for the pain of losing.

C. People don’t take a bet unless they would win much more than they would lose.

D. People will feel more pleasant winning a bet than winning a large sum of money.

3.According to Keysar, what is the reason of the foreign language effect in this research?

A. Foreign languages have great effect on decision makings.

B. People are less prejudiced when thinking in a foreign language.

C. People are more risk-taking in a foreign language environment.

D. Personal feelings have little influence in foreign language thinking.

High school students and families are increasingly questioning whether investing in a college or university education is still worth it.

The short answer is “Yes.” 1. A wide range of statistics shows the economic advantage of a four-year college education. Over a lifetime, students who graduate from college can expect to make about 60% more than those who do not, well over a million dollars more than they would otherwise. 2. They vote more often, volunteer more often and are more likely to own a home. They are healthier and less likely to smoke. They and their children are less likely to be overweight, and their children are more likely to go to college.

But what about the benefits of college that are more difficult to measure? 3.

College takes students to places they’ve never been before. College is a passport to different places, different times, and different ways of thinking. It gives students a chance to understand themselves differently, seeing how their lives are both like and unlike those who inhabited other times and other lands. 4.

College introduces students to people they’ve never met before. One of the most important ways in which students learn, at colleges and universities everywhere, is by communicating with people who are different from themselves both inside and outside of the classroom.

5. No one doubts the value of speed, connectivity (网络连通性) and the virtual world in an economy that enjoys all three. But “thinking” is a word that is too often forgotten in our rush to communicate faster and left behind as our brains struggle to keep up with our devices (设备). College teaches students to change information to insight and knowing to understanding, preparing students for lifetime of considering information and growing in knowledge and in wisdom.

Higher education is valued by people who dream bigger and achieve more, who create their own futures, and shape their own destinies.

A. There is no doubt that college pays off financially.

B. College teaches students the virtue of slowing down.

C. College graduates also tend to lead more active lives.

D. Education encourages people to live healthier and longer lives.

E. College opens minds and worlds in ways that are beyond measurement.

F. For many of us, it is the best chance we will have to follow our curiosity.

G. They are equally significant and add up to a lot of value over the course of a lifetime.

J. K. Rowling: The Wizard Behind Harry Potter

J. K. Rowling was born as Joanne Rowling on July 31, 1965 in England. At age four, Rowling and her family _____ to Winterbourne. It was here that she met a brother and sister who lived in her neighborhood with the last ______Potter. During her childhood, Rowling _____writing and story-telling.

Pressured by her parents to _______ a secretary, Rowling attended the university of Exeter beginning at age 18 and studied French. After college, Rowling stayed in London and worked at several jobs.

While on a train from Manchester to London in 1990, Rowling came up with the ________for Harry Potter. Pen-less at the time, Rowling spent the remainder of her train-ride ________about the story and began to write it down as soon as she arrived home.

Rowling ________ to write snippets about Harry and Hogwarts, but wasn’t done with the book when her mother died on December 30, 1990. Her mother’s death hit Rowling _______ . In a (an) _______ to escape the sorrow, Rowling accepted a job teaching English in Portugal.

In Portugal, Rowling met Jorge Arantes and the two married on October 16, 1992. _______the marriage proved a bad one, the couple had one child together, Jessica. After getting ________ in 1993, Rowling and her daughter moved to Edinburgh to be near Rowling’s sister.

Before starting another full-time job, Rowling was determined to finish her Harry Potter manuscript. ______ she had completed it, she sent it to several literary ______ . After a year of searching and a number of publishers turning it _______ , the agent finally found a publisher _____ to print the book.

Rowling’s fist Harry Potter book, Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone became hugely popular, attracting ________ of young boys and girls as well as adults. With the public demanding ________ , Rowling quickly got to work on the _______ six books, with the last one published in July 2007.

In 1998, Warner Bros. bought the film ________ and since then ________ popular movies have been made of the books. From the book, the films, and the merchandise bearing Harry Potter images, Rowling has become one of the richest people in the world.

1.A. carried B. moved C. sent D. lived

2.A. family B. member C. name D. sign

3.A. loved B. preferred C. chose D. handed

4.A. change B. share C. assume D. become

5.A. method B. score C. concept D. possibility

6.A. declaring B. making C. dreaming D. managing

7.A. continued B. checked C. exchanged D. practiced

8.A. peacefully B. easily C. tensely D. hard

9.A. plan B. question C. ambition D. attempt

10.A. Instead B. Although C. Therefore D. However

11.A. divorced B. beaten C. ached D. thrown

12.A. While B. Once C. Before D. Since

13.A. agents B. subjects C. volunteers D. readers

14.A. off B. up C. down D. over

15.A. wondering B. aiming C. looking D. willing

16.A. reporter B. partner C. audience D. friend

17.A. more B. better C. longer D. thinner

18.A. last B. whole C. rest D. next

19.A. powers B. rights C. guidance D. leaders

20.A. directly B. extremely C. separately D. eventually

She just makes Jell-O

While my 89-year-old grandmother, Donna, doesn’t bother to remember small details like who I am or why I’m at her house, she 1. (vivid) recalls conversations we may or may not have had many years ago. Obviously, while 2. (make) uncomfortable small talk over dinner, I once said, “This Jell-O is good.” She took that to mean, “This is my favorite food of all time, and if you don’t continue to make it, I will burn down 3. (you) house.” The next time I visited, she had a bowl of orange Jell-O with 4. (orange) in it just for me. I had to be polite, so I 5. (eat) it all. She took that to mean I didn’t think there was enough, so the next time, she made even 6. (much). For each visit since 7. , she’s made larger quantities of such food. Even worse, the rest of my family stop eating any of it 8.they think it’s funny to watch me jam a cubic yard of gelatin(果冻) down my throat. They won’t be 9. （laugh）when I die from overeating. Actually, they probably 10. , especially when my grandma makes a basin of Jell-O as the funeral food.

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。

文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

If we stand on a city street and looking up at the sky, the stars seems dim or far away. The lights of city blind us. Tall buildings shut out great parts of the sky.

But let us go out and climb a hill on a clear summer night. The city’s lights and buildings left far behind. The sky seems like a soft blue curtain over our heads. And the stars are like diamond twinkling in the sky.

As we stand looking upward, we are doing something which men have been doing from the beginning of history. Wisely men and shepherds looked in wonder at the same pinpoints of light thousands of years ago. What were they made of? How did they come to be up there in the sky?

People watched the heavens to find answers of these questions. The study of stars is the old of all sciences.

有一个加拿大中学生访华团到你校进行一天的参观访问。假如你是学生会主席，负责接待工作，代表团到校后你需先把这一天的活动安排（见下表）向他们作简要介绍，并征询他们的意见和要求。用100个左右的词写出这段介绍的内容，开头已给出（不记入要求的字数）。

Dear Canadian friends,

Glad to meet you and welcome to our school. Now let me tell you the arrangement for your visit .

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________

Melbourne, Australia

Melbourne is a hot-spot travel destination, and it’s easy to see its beautiful beaches and busy city life.

Why it’s a great choice: Australia as a whole is considered a safe destination for international travel, and because of that, many solo travelers go there as an English-speaking country, you won’t be faced with any language barriers. Melbourne is easy to get around because you can walk or bike practically anywhere!

Thailand

Thailand is great for solo travelers—perhaps because it is one of the Buddhist mindsets, which promote equality among the sexes.

Why it’s a great choice: Thailand is known for its friendly atmosphere, and as a travel hot-spot, there are plenty of chances to meet other like-minded travelers. It is well known for being very cheap, especially in the north. It is a good choice if you want to get away on a budget. Thailand has a lot to offer, from the party-central Bangkok to beautiful beaches and tropical（热带）jungle.

Hong Kong, China

Hong Kong is a great place to relax for solo travelers as it is full of “Zen moments,” such as beautiful gardens and Tai Chi classes.

Why it’s a great choice: Hong Kong is regarded as one of the safest cities in the world. If you’re not well-traveled, or perhaps a bit tired of things like language barriers, Hong Kong is a great place to start, as it mixes both Eastern and Western at the same time.

Bali, Indonesia

Bali is a spiritual place with yoga, spas, healthy food and beaches. The combination of friendly people and splendidly visual culture has made Bali Indonesia number one tourist attraction.

Why it’s so great: You won’t be the only solo traveler in Bali. Everyone is known for being extremely friendly and you’re sure to meet some amazing characters along the way. As a Hindu island, Bali is the perfect place for a relaxing and spiritual retreat（静修）. The Sacred Monkey Forest in Ubud is fantastic—if you like monkeys, anyway.

1.What do the four places have in common according to the text?

A. They offer good spas and yoga.

B. There’re no language barriers.

C. They’re great for solo travelers.

D. They’re cheap to travel around.

2.Where can you enjoy both convenient transport and beautiful beaches?

A. Melbourne, Australia. B. Thailand.

C. Hong Kong, China. D. Bali, Indonesia.

3.What has made Bali Indonesia No.1 tourist attraction?

A. Yoga, spas, healthy food and beaches.

B. Meeting some amazing characters along the way.

C. Fantastic monkeys in the Sacred Monkey Forest.

D. Friendly people and splendidly visual culture.

Andy rode slowly on his way to school, day-dreaming about the fishing trip that his father had promised him. He was so busy dreaming about all the fish he would catch that he was unaware of everything else around him.

He rode along until a strange sound drew him to the present. He came to a stop and looked curiously up to the heavens. What he saw shocked and terrified him. A huge swarm of bees filled the sky like a black cloud and the buzzing mass seemed to be heading angrily towards him.

With no time to waste, Andy sped off in the opposite direction, riding furiously—but without knowing how to escape the swarm. With a rapidly beating heart and his legs pumping furiously, he sped down the rough road. As the bees came closer, his panic increased. Andy knew that he was sensitive to bee stings(蜇). The last sting had landed him in hospital—and that was only one bee sting! He had been forced to stay in bed for two whole days. Suddenly, his father’s words came to him. “When you are in a tight situation, don’t panic. Use your brain and think your way out of it.”

On a nearby hill, he could see smoke waving slowly skywards from the chimney of the Nelson family home. “Bees don’t like smoke,” he thought. “They couldn’t get into the house.” Andy raced towards the Nelson house, but the bees were gaining ground. Andy knew he could not reach the house in time. He estimated that the bees would catch up with him soon.

Suddenly, out of the corner of his eyes, he spotted a small dam used by Mr. Nelson to irrigate his vegetable garden. Off his bike and into the cool water he lived, disappearing below the surface and away from the savage insects. After holding his breath for as long as he could, Andy came up for air and noticed the bees had gone. Dragging himself out of the dam, he struggled up the hilly slope and rang the doorbell. Mrs. Nelson took him inside and rang his mother.

“You’ll really need that fishing break to help you recover,” laughed his mother with relief. “Thank goodness you didn’t panic!” But Andy did not hear her. He was dreaming once again of the fish he would catch tomorrow.

1.Why did Andy fail to notice the swarm of bees earlier?

A. He was riding to school.

B. He was listening to a strange sound.

C. He was going fishing with his father.

D. He was lost in the thought of the fishing trip.

2.Which of the following is NOT mentioned about the swarm of bees in the passage?

A. They crowded like a black cloud.

B. They shocked and terrified Andy.

C. They tried to attack Andy in a mass.

D. They made Andy stay in hospital for two days.

3.How did Andy avoid the bees in the end?

A. He rode off in the opposite direction.

B. He asked Mr. Nelson for help.

C. He hid himself under the water.

D. He rushed into the Nelson house.

4.Which of the following can best describe Andy’s escape from the bees?

A. No pains, no gains.

B. In time of danger, one’s mind works fast.

C. Once bitten, twice shy.

D. Where there is a will, there is a way.