We’d better set off or it will be dark         we know it.

A．before                        B．after                    C．when                  D．until

Among all these flowers         a bunch of red roses, which was given by my fiancé.

A．is included                  B．include                C．are included         D．included

Those goods are       for export, though a few of them may be sold on the home market.

A．accurately                  B．eventually            C．essentially            D．merely

--- I’m so tired, working all morning on the farm.

--- Why not take a rest, then?

---         .

A．Because I can’t afford it         B．I don’t know

C．Sorry, I can’t tell you             D．Maybe I should

    The horse and carriage is a thing of the past, but love and marriage are still with us and still closely interrelated. Most American marriages, particularly first marriages   1   young couples, are the result of attraction and affection   2  than practical considerations. In the United States, parents do not   3   marriages for their children. Teenagers begin   4  in high school and usually find mates(配偶) through their own academic and social   5  .

Though young people feel   6  to choose their friends from   7  groups, most choose a mate of similar background. This is due in part to parental   8  . Parents can not spouses(配偶)for their children, but they can usually   9  choices by 10 disapproval of someone they consider unsuitable.

  10  , marriages between members of different groups are increasing, probably because of the greater   11  of today’s youth and the fact that they are restricted by   12  prejudices than their parents. Many young people   13   their home towns to attend college, serve in the armed forces,   14  pursue a career in a bigger city. Once away from home and family, it’s more   15  for them to date and marry outside their own social group.

In mobile American society, interclass   16  are neither nor shocking. Interfaith marriages are on the   17  particularly between Protestants and Catholics. On the other hand,   18 marriage is still very uncommon. It can be difficult for couples to from different races to find a place to live,   19  friendships, and raise a family. Marriages between people of different national   20   (but the same race and religion) have been commonplace here since colonial(殖民的) times.

1．A．involving 　          B．linking 　            C．connecting 　     D．including

2．A．more　                B．less 　                C．other　              D．rather

3．A．provide                 B．consider              C．arrange               D．admit

4．A．dating　               B．appointing　        C．engaging 　        D．matching

5．A．positions 　          B．customs　           C．contracts　         D．contacts

6．A．certain 　             B．abnormal　         C．awkward　         D．free

7．A．limited                  B．identical               C．diverse                D．distant

8．A．order                    B．ignorance            C．guidance             D．rudeness

9．A．force                    B．influence             C．make                  D．offer

10．A．However             B．Moreover            C．Therefore            D．Furthermore

11．A．mobility               B．motive                 C．moral                  D．mission

12．A．greater                B．stronger              C．narrower             D．fewer

13．A．desert                 B．leave                   C．escape                D．remove

15．A．difficult               B．likely                   C．important            D．risky

16．A．communications   B．marriages            C．exchanges           D．associations

17．A．edge                   B．decline                C．rise                     D．air

18．A．international         B．interstate             C．internet               D．interracial

19．A．keep up               B．bring up              C．put up                 D．turn up

20．A．source                B．origin                  C．resource              D．standard

    Sixteen years ago, Eileen Doyle’s husband, an engineer, took his four children up for an early morning cup of tea, packed a small case and was never seen or heard of again. Eileen was astonished and in a state of despair. They had been a happy family and, as far as she knew, there had been nothing wrong with their marriage.

Every day of the year a small group of men and women quietly pack a few belongings and without so much as a note or a good—bye close the front door for the last time, leaving their debts, their worries and their confused families behind them.

Last year, more than 1,200 men and nearly as many women were reported missing from home—the highest in 15 years. Many did return home within a year, but others rejected the past completely and are now living a new life somewhere under a different identity.

To those left behind this form of desertion is a terrible blow to their pride and self- confidence. Even the finality of death might be preferable. At least it does not imply rejection or failure. Worse than that, people can be left with an unfinished marriage, not knowing whether they will have to wait seven years before they are free to start a fresh life.

Clinical psychologist Paul Brown believes most departures of this kind to be well planned rather than impulsive(冲动). “It’s typical of the kind of personality which seems able to ignore other people’s pain and difficulties. Running away, like killing yourself, is a highly aggressive act. By creating an absence the people left behind feel guilty, upset and empty.”

1．When her husband left home, Eileen Doyle ______________.

       A．could not forgive him for taking the children

       B．had been expecting it to happen for some time

       C．could not understand why

       D．blamed herself for what had happened

2．Most people who leave their families behind them_______.

       A．do so without warning                         B．do so because of their debts

       C．come back immediately                        D．change their names

3．Some people would even prefer the death to the running away of their spouse because       .

       A．their spouse would feel no pain during the death

       B．their spouse death would not be a bit terrible

       C．a desertion would not bring a feeling of rejection or failure

       D．their spouse’s death would make them feel less painful

4．Usually the man or woman left behind with an unfinished marriage __________.

       A．admits responsibility for the situation

       B．wishes the person who has left were dead

       C．will come back within a year

       D．will have no legal marriage life for seven years

5．Paul Brown regards leaving home in such circumstances as _____________.

       A．an act of despair

       B．an act of selfishness

       C．the result of a sudden decision

       D．the result of the enormous sense of guilt

Are you a team person? Are you at your best as part of a small, tightly united group of dedicated workers? If so, the future may hold more for you than you think.

High technology, some predicted, would make team work a thing of the past. That’s happening in those areas of business and data processing where one person and a computer can replace a team of workers.

But, elsewhere, teamwork is very much alive. High technology has led to a new type of teamwork in a number of fields, including advertising, scientific research, engineering design, architecture and ocean exploration. Through computer networking, scientists, engineers and technicians at different locations – often thousands of miles apart – can work on the same project at once. They can exchange ideas, try out different designs and test their results.

Examples? An engineering team can now design and try out a robot system, a new manufacturing process, or an entire factory before it is built. An architectural team can do the same with a building or a bridge. A medical team can simulate (模拟) a dangerous operation before performing it on a patient.

Of course, computer – assisted team effort doesn’t end with investigation and simulation. It now usually continues into actual design, manufacturing and testing. “Computer – aide design (CAD) and computer – aided manufacture (CAM) are breaking down barriers between traditional design and manufacturing functions,” explains Dr. Prakash Rao, an engineering manager at General Electric. “Interdisciplinary (跨学科的) teams and engineers follow a product from concept to production. Everything is interconnected like a network.”

Sometimes a computer – aided effort can extend beyond production. A team that produces robots may use them to explore space and ocean depth. For high – technology team work, the future seems limitless.

1．The underlined part “hold more” most probably means to          .

       A．maintain more chances                         B．give more rights

       C．make more regulations                         D．store more information

2．According to the passage, the writer believers that         .

       A．teamwork requires more use of computers than that of human beings

       B．teamwork will be completely replaced by computers

       C．the concept of teamwork is still alive and no longer the same as the past

       D．high technology would make teamwork a thing of the past

3．The examples given by the writer in Paragraph 4 serve           .

      A．to prove high technology has a promising future

       B．to explain his idea of new type of teamwork is reasonable

       C．to show that it tends to be an end to teamwork soon

       D．to indicate the computer – assisted team effort just means investigation and simulation.

4．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?

       A．Many fields of science and technology are now using computers effectively.

       B．No details are given in the passage about barriers between traditional design and manufacturing functions.

       C．Experts from different fields have to cooperate to develop a product from concept to production.

       D．High technology is nothing but a new type of teamwork plus CAD and CAM. 

5．The author’s attitude to towards the introduction of the computer to teamwork is of         .

       A．objection             B．indifference         C．support               D．doubt

    Proper arrangement of classroom space is important to encouraging interaction. Most of us have noticed how important physical setting is to efficiency and comfort in our work. College classroom space should be designed to encourage the activity of critical thinking.

We have entered the 21 st century, but step into almost any college classroom and you step back in time at least a hundred years. Desks are normally in straight rows, so students can clearly see the teacher but not all their classmates. The message behind such an arrangement is obvious. Everything of importance comes from the teacher.

With a little imagination and effort, unless desks are fixed to the floor, the teacher can correct this situation and create space that encourage interchange among students. In small or standard-size classes, chairs, desks, and tables can be arranged in a variety of ways. The primary goal should be for everyone to be able to see everyone else. Large classes, particularly those held in lecture halls, unfortunately, allow much less flexibility.

Arrangement of the classroom should also make it easy to divide students into small groups for discussion or problem-solving exercises. Small classes with movable desks and tables present no problem. Even in large lecture halls, it is possible for students to turn around and form groups of four to six. Breaking a class into small groups provides more opportunities for students to interact with each other, think out loud, and see how other students’ thinking processes operate all essential elements in developing new modes of critical thinking.

In courses that regularly use a small group format, students might be asked to stay in the same small groups throughout the course. A colleague of mine, John, allows students to move around during the first two weeks, until they find a group they are comfortable with. John then asks them to stay in the same seat, with the same group, from that time on. This not only creates a comfortable setting for interaction but helps him learn students’ names and faces.

1．The primary purpose of desk rearrangement is_______.

       A．for the teacher to divide students into small groups.

       B．to make it possible for students to interact with each other.

       C．for the teacher to find out how students think.

       D．to give students more opportunities to practice speaking.

2．The expression “step back in time at least a hundred years” in Paragraph 2 is intended to convey the idea that          .

       A．there is not much change in educational idea over the past hundred years

       B．critical thinking was encouraged even a century ago

       C．college classrooms often remind people of their college life

       D．a hundred years ago, desk arrangement in a classroom was quite different

3．The greatest advantage in allowing each student to find his own group might be that________

       A．learning is made comfortable in this way

       B．the teacher can easily remember students’ names and faces

       C．the teacher saves the trouble in doing that

       D．brighter students can help slower ones.

4．It is implied in the passage that          .

       A．students are allowed to changed groups throughout the course in John’s class

       B．classroom interaction between students is essential to the teachers

       C．a comfortable environment leads to higher working efficiency

       D．new kinds of desks and chairs should be made

5．The author mentioned John in the last paragraph in order to ________

       A．create a comfortable setting for interaction

       B．introduce an approach of learning students’ names and faces easily

       C．give an example that students stay in the same seat throughout the course.

       D．describe a good seat-arrangement mode in courses with small group format.

Some critics of American society say that dishonesty is rampant (猖獗) in the Federal Government. One example they city took place during March and April, 1980. For a whole month, they say, the United States lied to its allies (同盟国).

Cyrus Vance, who was then Secretary of State, was given the task of telling Great Britain, Japan, France, Germany and others that the United States would not take military action against Iran as long as we had the cooperation of our allies. Secretary of State Vance knew that the sudden attack to get out the American captives was already planned while he was talking to our allies. But he also knew that the reason for this deliberate lying was to save lives. The primary purpose of the deception(欺骗) was not to trick our allies but to mislead the Iranian kidnappers(绑架者) so that a rescue attempt could take place.

    Many students of ethics believe that lying for the sake of one’s country is justifiedin certain cases．In this case, having lied for the sake of his country, Secretary Vance secretly wrote a letter of resignation before the attack took place. By submitting(提交) his resignation before the attack, he showed that the result had nothing to do with his resignation. It can be said that former Secretary of State Vance deceived other governments only for humanitarian reasons. Then, once he had lied, he resigned.

  In that case, it is argued, lying may be justified. Without the deception, the rescue mission could not have taken place. Of course, dishonesty in government—at local, state and national levels—does not always have such noble reasons．A prime example is the so called Watergate Affair.

Most Americans were surprised and outraged by the news of Watergate Affair. But many Europeans were surprised at our surprise. Some European observers explained that they tend to think of lying；cheating, deception and corruption(腐败) as part of politics and government.

1．Secretary of State, Cyrus Vance lied, to the allies__________.

       A．to mislead Iranian government               B．on the purpose of saving lives

       C．for the sake of his own benefit              D．in order to get their cooperation

2．From the passage we learn that the United States ___________．

A．tricked their allies into attacking Iran  

B．took military action to capture Iranian kidnappers

C．undertook a rescue mission with the help of their allies

D．carried out an attack to rescue some Americans from the Iranian kidnappers

3．According to the passage, many students regard Vance’s lying as________.

       A．a reason for his resignation                   B．reasonable and acceptable

       C．unbelievable and unreasonable               D．an indication of his dishonesty

4．The author, like most Americans, regards the Watergate Affair as___________.

A．uncommon in politics and government

B．part of politics and government

C．justified dishonesty in government

D．a lie with noble reason   

5．What is the best title of the passage?

       A．The US government – a responsible government.

       B．Cooperation means military success.

       C．Should all dishonesty be criticized?

       D．Lying, a normal phenomenon in Europe.

阅读下面的短文，并根据短文后的要求答题。（请注意问题后的字数要求）

The mothers met while walking their beloved dogs in the local park, the Donald McDonald Reserve, several years ago and developed a friendship that began with small talk about their pets. This quickly turned to afternoon get – togethers where kids, dogs and grown – ups formed firm friendships.

Now the pair and their pets meet several times a week on the grass near Sandringham College, a place for a huge network of dog owners who have formed all kinds of friendships and a good old – fashioned sense of community. Dogs, as it seems, are good for your social life.

The combination of excited kids and dogs could be a recipe(处方) for disaster and the atmosphere on communal (群体的) walks is surprisingly harmonious. “There are some other people who don’t have kids who have started to meet us quite regularly,” Miller, a dog – owner, says. “The other day, there were seven dogs, five adults and six children all walking around the park together.”

Friendships formed through pets seem to cross cultural and age barriers and often involve helping when someone is sick or needs help caring for a pet. A woman says she’s answered several SOS calls from elderly people who have become ill suddenly and need a hand. “The friendships are such that you see these people every day and you get to know them… and they trust you with their pets and know they          at the last minute,” she says.

The dog – owner says that, even as a child, she noticed how dogs could act as conversational ice – breakers for adults. Like people, dogs are also born social creatures. “Dogs need to get into the game and be dogs – they are pack animals,” she says.

1．What is the best title of the passage? (Please answer within 10 words.)

2．Which sentence in the passage can replaced by the following one?

    Because dogs have the nature of living in groups, they need to be given the chances to get together and act like dogs.

3．Please fill in the blank with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (Please answer within 10 words.)

4．Translate the underlined sentence in the third paragraph into Chinese.

5．According to the passage, what functions do dogs have in people’s social life? (Please answer within 30 words.)