Every profession or trade, every art, and every science has its technical vocabulary, the function of which is partly to refer to things or processes which have no names in ordinary English, and partly to secure greater exactness in expression. Such special dialects, or jargon, are necessary in technical discussion of any kind. Being universally understood by the devotees of the particular science or art, they have the precision of a mathematical formula(公式). Besides, they save time, for it is much more economical to name a process than to describe it. Thousands of these technical terms are very properly included in every large dictionary, yet, as a whole, they are rather on the outskirts of the English language than actually within its borders.

Different professions, however, differ widely in the character of their special vocabularies. In trades and handicrafts and other professions, such as farming and fishing, that have occupied great numbers of men from remote times, the technical vocabulary is very old. It consists largely of native words, or of borrowed words that have worked themselves into the very fiber of our language, hence, though highly technical in many particulars, these vocabularies are more familiar in sound, and more generally understood than most other technicalities. The special dialects of law, medicine, and philosophy have also become pretty familiar to cultivated person, and have contributed much to the popular vocabulary.

Yet, every profession still possesses a large body of technical terms that remain essentially foreign, even to educated speech. And the proportion has been much increased in the last fifty years, particularly in the various departments of natural and political sciences and in the mechanic arts. So new terms are coined with the greatest freedom, and abandoned with indifference when they have served their turn. Most of the new coinages（创新词语）are restricted to special discussions and seldom get into general literature or conversation. Yet no profession is nowadays, as all profession once were, a closed guild (行会). The lawyer, the physician, the man of science, and the cleric (神职人员) associate freely with his fellow creatures, and do not meet them in a merely professional way.

Furthermore, what is called popular science makes everybody acquainted with modern views and recent discoveries. Any important experiment, though made in a remote laboratory, is at once reported in the newspapers, and everybody is soon talking about it—as in the case of the Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy. Thus, our common speech is always taking up new technical terms and making them commonplace(常见的事).

36. What is the passage mainly about?

A. Technical terms’ characters in different occupations. 

B. Technical terms’s popularity in different cultures .

C. Technical vocabulary’ development.

D. Technical vocabulary’s functions.

37. What does the underlined sentence in Para. 1 mean?

A. Technical terms are usually used in the urban areas.

B. Technical terms are always used in the rural areas.

C. Technical terms don’t constitute the core of common speech.

D. Technical terms are not understood by English farmers.

38. From the passage, we can learn that______.

A. it is easier to become a professional today than it was in the past

B. there is more social communication between professionals and others

C. popular science has told its secrets to people all over the world

D. no one can understand more things in profession now than ever

39. It can be concluded from the last paragraph that _____.

A. the English language is becoming increasingly expanded

B. the words of the English language are always changing now

C. one can never be sure what a word means without consulting an expert

D. technical terms have little chance of being the main body of the language

40. The author mentions Roentgen rays and wireless telegraphy as examples of ________.

A. rapid occurrence of jargon                     B. quick talk of an experiment

C. precision of jargon in meaning                    D. fast expansion of technical words

CHICAGO(Reuters)-Smoking not only can wrinkle the face and turn it yellow—it can do the same to the whole body, researchers reported on Monday．

The study，published in the Archives of Dermatology，shows that smoking affects the skin all over the body-even skin protected from the sun．

“We examined non-facial skin that was protected from the sun，and found that the total number of packs of cigarettes smoked per day and the total．years a person has smoked were linked with the amount of skin damage a person experienced，” Dr．Yolanda Helfrich of the University of Michigan，who led the study，said in a statement．

“In participants older than 65 years，smokers had significantly more fine wrinkling than nonsmokers. Similar findings were seen in participants aged 45 to 65 years.” Helfrich's team added in their report．

The researchers tested 82 people，smokers and nonsmokers, taking pictures of the inner right arms．They ranged，in age from 22 to 91 and half were smokers．Independent judges decided how wrinkled each person's skin was．

When skin is exposed to sunlight，notably the face，it becomes coarse(粗糙的)．Wrinkled and discolored with a pale yellow tint，Helfrich's team wrote．

Several previous studies have found that cigarette smoking conduces to premature(过早的)skin aging as measured by facial wrinkles，the study said，but little has been done to measure the aging of skin not exposed to light．

The report did not discuss die mechanism involved but previous research has found that cigarette smoke，among other things，causes blood vessels(血管)beneath the skin to constrict (紧缩)，reducing blood supply to the skin．

Smoking can also damage the connective tissue that supports both die skin and the internal organs．

31. When your skin is exposed to sunlight long，it becomes all of the following Except ________.

A. discolored　 　B. coarse　　　　 　C. rough　　 　　D. flexible

32. What does the underlined phrase “conduces to” in Paragraph 7 mean?

A. help　　　 　 B. encourage　　 　 C. prevent　　 　 D. stop

33. How wrinkled a person's skin is doesn't relate to　　　 .

A. the number of cigarettes a person smokes　　 B. the kind and characteristics of skin

C. how long a person smokes　　　　　　　　 D. how long skin is under sunlight

34. From the passage smoking results in skin aging mainly because　　　 .

A. it can make skin come off 　　　　　　　　　B. it can make you feel tired

C. it will lower blood supply to skin　　　　 　　D. it can make blood run faster

35. The main purpose of the passage is to　　　 .

A. inform people about the result of the study　 B. advise people how to protect skin

C. warn people not to smoke again　　　　　 D. introduce a new way of avoid skin aging

IF and WHEN were friends. Every week they met and their conversation usually centered on all the things they were going to achieve. This particular Saturday when they met, WHEN sensed that IF was not in a great mood. WHEN questioned IF, “What’s wrong with you? You don't seem your usual cheery self?” IF looked at WHEN and replied, “I just don't feel I am making any progress. Last week I saw a course and wanted to take if only I had the time to take it.” WHEN knew exactly how IF felt. “I too saw a course and I am going to register when I get enough money.” said WHEN, “What about that new job you were going to apply for? You were so excited about it last week.” IF responded, “If my computer didn't break down last week, I would have applied. So I could not type my resume.”

“Don't worry about it.When you are ready another job will come through. I have been thinking about looking for another job too, but I will wait and when the weather gets nicer I will look then.” WHEN then went on to tell IF about his week, hoping that it would cheer him up a bit.

The man at the next table couldn't help overhearing WHEN and IF. “Excuse me gentlemen,” the man said. Surprised, IF and WHEN both looked at the man. The man continued, “I'm sorry, but I couldn't help hearing your conversation. I think I know how you could solve your problems.” Curious, IF asked the gentleman, “How do you think you can solve our problems?” The gentleman smiled and said, “You only need to listen to yourselves. It reminds me of an old proverb: 'If and When were planted, and Nothing grew'.” The gentleman went on, “Just start doing, take action, and stop talking about 'if and when'.” IF and WHEN suddenly realized that what the gentleman had said was so true. Both of them were guilty of thinking and living their life for the "ifs and whens". The gentleman left and their conversation changed. They made up their mind that when they met for lunch next week, there would be no "ifs and whens"; they would only talk about what they accomplished! Soon another week came.

26. IF was not in a good mood because _________.

A. he failed to arrange time for a course     B. he missed a course for lack of money

C. he was upset by the bad weather         D. he was not satisfied with his resume

27. Which of the proverbs goes with the saying underlined in Paragraph 3?

A. Where there is a will, there is a way.      B. There are no gains without pains.

C. Belief is the great guide of human life.    D. A bad beginning makes a bad ending.

28. IF and WHEN were advised to solve their problems by _________.

A. setting more goals for their future

B. stop using “ifs and whens” in conversations

C. putting their plans into action immediately

D. changing the topics of their weekly conversation

29. After listening to the suggestions from the gentleman, WHEN felt _________.

A. cheerful        B. regretful        C. disappointed         D. upset

30. The paragraph that follows the last one probably talks about _________.

A. the success in IF’s and WHEN’s job interview   B. the effect of the gentleman’s advice

C. the schedule made by IF and WHEN           D. the achievements of IF and WHEN

In a basketball game, when things are going badly and the coach doesn’t like the way his team  16  (perform), he instructs his players to call a “timeout”. At this point, the game is stopped for a few minutes and the coach gathers the team to discuss    17   (adjust) which are needed to get the players back on track and to perform more    18    (effect). Of course, during the timeout, the coach also points out what the players did is right,    19   helps to reinforce their positive behavior.

Here is the question: How often in    20   life do you call a “timeout” to review what is working for you and to put    21   end to what isn’t? Probably not often enough. Unfortunately, we tend    22   (become) entrenched(根深蒂固的) in habits which are not moving us   23  _ the direction of our goals. Life is continually providing feedback,    24    . And it’s up to you to become aware    25   these useful clues---to learn from the results you are producing and to make any change that may be necessary.

Culture shock is a complex topic, but I'm a simple man with simple perspectives. So my experience of foreign culture boils down to three basic stages: anger, acceptance and appreciation.

When I began my life in China I was often filled with frustration and 　 1　 over the way things were. Things were seen as clearly “ 2　 ” and I rejected the view of there being other ways of doing things. Afterwards I came to 3　 different ways of doing things but still saw my own ways as superior.

My views were still heavily colored by 　4　 and I often accepted situations I felt 　5　 by simply coining the phrase "That's China," 　 6　 China was a backward country that simply didn't do things correctly. Finally, however , I came to understand and appreciate the new 　7　 and ways of doing things, sometimes using them as effectively as the 　　8　 .

For example, fish is never 　9　 with the head in my country, thus my feelings went from “Ugh! I can’t eat this! The fish is 　 10　 at me saying, `You're a 　11　 man.' Take this off the table,” to “I’ll let my friends enjoy, but I'll just stick with the other dishes,” and to "Would anyone mind if I eat the eyeball?"

It is not the same with every westerner, and some take 　 12　 than others to go through the three stages. It all depends on how 　13　 you are and how tightly you 　14　 to your own culture. It took a little over a year of living in China before I finally appreciate the new culture. Now, I'm more 　 15　 in China than in my own country.

1. A. curiosity　　　 　 B. fear　　　　　　 　 C. purpose　　　　 D. anger

2. A. wrong　　　　 B. right　　　　　 　 C. wise　　 　　　　D. smooth

3. A. find　　　 　　　 B. use　　　　　　　 C. accept　　　　　 D. refuse

4. A. preferences　 　　 B. references　　　 C. facts　　　　　　 D. standards

5. A. necessary　　 　　 B. important　　　　 C. nervous　　　　　 D. stupid

6. A. mentioning　 　　 B. saying　　　　　 C. meaning　　　　 D. referring

7. A. character　　 　 B. personality　　　 　 C. revolution　　　 　 D. culture

8. A. locals　　 　　　　　 B. foreigners　　　 　 C. researchers　　　 D. citizens

9. A. bought　　 　　　 　　B.sold　　　　　 　 C. served　　　　　 D. separated

10. A. glancing　　 　 B. laughing　　　　 C. shouting　　　　 D. staring

11. A. kind　　　　 　 B. cruel　　　　　 　　 C. brave　　　　　 　 D. unique

12. A. more　　　 　 B. less　　　　　　 C. further　　　　　 D. longer

13. A. adaptable 　　　　 B. considerable　　 　 C. dependable　　　 　 D. enjoyable

14. A. get　　　　 　　 B. hold　　　　　　 C. catch　　　　 　　D. insist

15. A. anxious　　 　　 B. welcomed　　　　 C. comfortable　　　 D. miserable

阅读下面的短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Winning style

       Failure is unavoidable on one’s way to success and should not be afraid of. If one wants to succeed, he should have a plan and stick to it.

       Experiencing failure is unavoidable on your journey to success. Every defeat is only a small part of victory. You’ll find that the number of times you succeed is in direct proportion(成比例) to the number of times you fail and keep trying.

Failure is nothing but education, and nothing but the first step to something better. You can’t be afraid to lose. It isn’t enough to just want something. You’re going to need a plan to get the things that you want.

The problem is learning how to bridge the gap which exists between where you are now and the goals that you want to reach. With a definite step-by-step plan you cannot fail because each step will carry you along to the next step like a track. All you need is the plan, the road map and the courage to move on to your destination.

Knowing where you’re going is all you need to get there. You can’t get lost on a straight road.

[写作内容]

    1. 以约30个词概括上文的主要内容。

2. 以约120个词谈谈你对“失败与成功”的看法，内容包括：

(1) 你是如何看待失败与成功之间的关系；

(2) 列举你失败的一次经历及当时你的感受；

(3) 你当时是如何走出失败的。

[写作要求]

1. 作文中可以使用亲身经历或虚构的故事，也可以参照阅读材料的内容，但不得直接引用原文中的句子。

2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称。

 [评分标准]

    概括准确，语言规范，内容连贯。

上周《佛山日报》社对佛山市南海区某中学的2000名现行高中生就如何度暑假的方式进行了一项问卷调查，其结果如下：

[写作要求]

1．只能用五个句子表达全部内容；

2. 本文开头已给出，不计算在5个句子中。

[评分标准]

句子结构准确，信息内容完整，篇章结构连贯。

[参考词汇]

报社 newspaper departments         提高，增强 enhance

Last week, Foshan Daily made a survey among 2000 senior high school students coming from Foshan city on how to spend their approaching summer holidays, and the result is as follows.

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

下面是一篇应用文及其应用场合的信息，请阅读下列应用文和相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。请在答题卡上将对应题号的相应选项字母涂黑。

首先，请阅读下面有关购车的五条建议：

A.   Don't assume that the sticker price is the purchase price.

To get the lowest price, go in with a starting price that's based not on the sticker price but on how much the dealer paid for the vehicle. A reasonable price to start negotiations is either 4 to 8 percent over what the dealer paid or the CR Wholesale Price, depending on the demand for the model.

B.   Do your homework.

Thoroughly research your choices. Read a variety of reviews. Check the reliability, safety, fuel economy, and pricing of any models you're considering. And don't wait until the day you plan to buy to test drive the vehicles. If you have a trade-in, know its approximate worth. That will depend on the vehicle's age, condition, mileage, and equipment, as well as where you trade it in.

C.  Negotiate one thing at one time。

        Make clear that you want the lowest possible mark-up over your starting price. Add that you intend to visit other dealerships selling the same vehicle and will buy from the dealer with the best price. Only after you’ve settled on the price should you discuss financing, leasing, or a trade-in, as necessary. Negotiate each item individually. Remember, you’re in charge and can leave at any time. Heading for the door can sometimes jump-start a slow-moving negotiation or bring a lower offer.

D.  Don’t pay for extras you don’t need.

        Don’t accept those unnecessary services and fees. If the items are on the bill of sale, put a line through them. Vehicle bodies are already coated to protect against rust. And CR reliability survey show that rust is not a major problem with modern cars. You can treat upholstery and apply paint protectant yourself with good off-the-shelf products. You can do your own VN etching with a kit that costs about $25.

E.   Other costs.

In addition to the vehicle price, you need to consider other costs, including: Sales tax; Registration fees; Insurance premiums Taxes and registration fees can increase your out-of-pocket cost by as much as 10 percent or more, and driving a car that’s worth more than your current one will cost more to insure. Be sure to check with your insurance agent or get insurance quotes online so you understand what you’re getting into.

F.    Arrange financing in advance.

Compare interest rates at several banks, credit unions, and loan organizations before checking the dealer's rates. If pre-approved for a loan（贷款）, you can keep financial arrangements out of the negotiations. Automakers may offer attractive financing terms, but make sure you qualify for them.

请结合以上建议，与下面的情形进行匹配。

46. Many dealerships prey on the unprepared. Going into a showroom “cold”-- without having gathered key facts and preliminary(初步的) pricing figures -- gives the salesperson too much control over the buying process.

47. The dealer invoice price is commonly available on Web sites and in pricing guides. But the invoice price isn't necessarily what the dealer paid. There are often behind-the-scenes bonuses（幕后红利）, such as dealer incentives（奖励） and holdbacks, that give the dealer more profit margin（空间）.

48. Salespeople like to mix financing, leasing, and trade-in negotiations together, often asking you to negotiate around a monthly payment figure. This tactic（策略） gives the dealer more latitude to offer you a favorable figure in one area while inflating（抬高）figures in another.

49. The salesperson may try to sign you up for a higher interest rate than you could get elsewhere.

50. Dealers often try to sellyou extras such as rust proofing, fabric protection, and paint protection or push etching your Vehicle Identification Number on windows to deter thieves.

They may be just passing your office, computer bag slung (悬挂) over one shoulder. Or they may be sitting in a car outside it, causally tapping away at a laptop. They look like innocent passers-by. In fact, they are stealing your corporate secrets.

Drive-by hacking is the trendy term given to the practice of breaking into wireless computer networks from outside the buildings that house them. A recent study in the UK, sponsored by RSA Data Security, found that two-thirds of organizations with wireless networks were risking their data in this way. Security experts patrolled (巡逻) several streets in the City of London seeking evidence of wireless networks in operation.

Of 124 that they identified, 83 were sending data without encrypting（加密） them. Such data could readily be picked up by a passer-by armed only with a portable computer, a wireless modem and a few pieces of software that can be freely downloaded from the Internet.

The data could include sensitive company documents containing valuable information. Or they could be e-mail identities and passwords that could be used by hackers to log into corporate networks as if they were legal users.

Most companies using wireless networking technology do not take even the simplest of measures to protect their data. Nearly all wireless network technology comes with some basic security features that need only to be activated (激活) in order to give a minimum level of security, for example, by encrypting the data being passed over the network.

Raymon Kruck, business development manager at Check Point Software, a security technology specialist, believes this could be partly a psychological problem. People see the solid walls of their building as safeguards and forget that wireless networks can extend up to 200 meters beyond physical walls.

Companies without any security at all on their wireless networks make it ridiculously easy for hackers to break in. Switching on the security that comes with the network technology should be automatic. Then there are other basic steps a company can take, says Mr. Kruck, such as changing the passwords on the network from the default (默认) setting.

Companies can also install firewalls, which form a barrier between the internal network and the public Internet. They should also check their computer records regularly to spot any abnormal activity, which might betray the presence of a hacker.

41. According to the study sponsored by RSA Data Security, two thirds of the subjects _______.

A. had most of their company data stolen　

B. depended on wireless computer networks

C. were exposed to drive-by hacking　　　

D. were unaware of the risk of wireless hacking

42.　 Whichof the following is NOT considered in the study?

A.The number of computer hacking incidents.

B.The number of wireless computer networks identified.

C.The way in which data are sent and received.

D.The way in which data are hacked and stolen.

43.　 Most wireless network technology has_________.

A.data encryption program　　 B. password security programs

C.illegal-user detection D. firewall

44.　 Raymond Kruck most probably agrees that wireless network security involves ________.

A. wireless signal administration　 B. changes in user’s awareness

C. users’ psychological health　　 D. stronger physical walls

45.　 The passage is lost likely to be seen in a __________

A. book review　 B. science fiction C. textbook　 D. computer magazine

From bankers to factory staff, employees in the West face a cold prospect of losing their jobs as a global recession(衰退) starts to bite. For colleagues in the East, the pain is more likely to come through a pay cut.

Human resource experts say cultural differences explain why Asian companies try harder to preserve jobs in difficult times, which will prevent unemployment and may help Asian economies survive at a time of slowing exports. The East Asian attitude may also make it easier for companies to recover quickly from the economic downturn since they will not need to rehire or train new staff, but build up a more loyal and devoted group.

“In the Confucian mindset(儒家思想), the right thing to do is to share the burden, which is the sense of collective(集体的) responsibility. While in the West, it’s more about individual survival,” said Michael Benoliel, associate professor of organizational behavior at Singapore Management University (SMU).

In contrast, local Western companies from General Motors to Goldman Sachs plan to lay off workers by the thousands, but at the Asian units of Western multinationals or western units of Asian groups, job cuts will probably be less severe.

Japan’s jobless rate was 4 percent in September, up from 3.8 percent in January, while Hong Kong’s was flat at 3.4 percent. But US unemployment is expected to have jumped to 6.3 percent last month from below 5 percent in January.

Experts say that while there are noticeable differences in labor practices in East and West, the gap will narrow as more firms become more multinational and competition forces firms to adopt the best practices of rivals from abroad.

36. The underlined word “prospect” in the first paragraph most probably means _________.

　　　 A．weather 　　 B．scene　 　C．future　 　 D．place

37. Compared with job cuts, pay cuts can bring the following benefits EXCEPT that _________.

　　　 A．it’s helpful to the economy recovery

　　　 B．it costs the company less money to survive

　　　 C．it will keep the experienced and skilled workers

　　　 D．it can form a team working harder and more loyally

38. According to Michael Benoliel, the Confucian mindset focuses on _________.

　　　 A．human rights　　　　 B．sharing responsibility

　　　 C．personal profits　　　 D．individual survival

39. In which company can we infer the job cuts will be probably the most severe?

A．A local American group.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　 B．A small Japanese company.

　　　 C．A German branch of a Korean multinational.

D．A Hong Kong’s unit of a French company.

40. The passage mainly tells us ________.

　　　 A．the difficulties all the companies around the world will meet with today

　　　 B．the cultural differences between Eastern and Western world at present

　　　 C．the ways to cut down the cost of the companies in economic downturn

　　　 D．the different labor solutions of Asian and Western in global recession