People in different countries have different ways of doing things. Something that is polite in one country
may be quite impolite in another. In Britain, you mustn't lift your bowl to your mouth when you are having
some liquid (液体) food. But it's different in China. And in Japan you even needn't worry about making much
noise when you have in. It shows that you are enjoying it. But it is considered as bad manners in Britain. If
you are a visitor in Mongolia, what manners do they wish you to have? They wish you to give a loud "burp"
(打嗝) after you finish eating. Burping shows that you like the food.
     In Britain, you should try not to put your hands on the table when you're having a meal. In Mexico,
however, guests are expected to keep their hands on the table during a meal. But in Arab countries you must
be very careful with your hands. You mustn't eat with your left hand. Arabs consider it very bad manners
eating with left hands. So, what should you do if you are on a visit to another country? Well, remember when
in Rome do as the Romans do. You can ask the local people to help you or just watch carefully and follow
them.

Fill in each blank according to the passage you read. One word only for each blank.
     Different countries have different table manners, In Britain, you should remember not 1              lift your
bowl to your mouth when you are having some liquid food. And you should try not to put your hands on the
table when 2              a meal. If you are visiting Mongolia, you are supposed to give a loud "burp" after you
finish eating. Burping shows that you enjoy the food. In Arab countries you must be very careful with your
hands. Eating with your left hand is considered to 3               bad manners. So, if you are visiting another
country, remember to do as the 4               people do. You can ask them for 5               or just watch
carefully and follow them.

    One of the most famous movie prizes in the world is the Oscar. Every year in the United States, the
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Science (电影艺术科学院) gives Oscars to people who have done
well in the movies. There is an Oscar for the best movie of the year, another for the best actor, and Oscars
for doing many other things well in movies.
    Oscars are very important because people want to see movies that have won them. They also want to
see actors who have won Oscars. This means movies that have won Oscars make a lot of money. The
Academy first gave prizes to movies in 1927, but they were not called Oscars then. That happened four
years later. Most people think that Oscar was someone famous in the movies, but he wasn't. He was
someone that a woman called Margaret Herrick knew. She worked for the Academy and one day she saw
the prize on a table. She said, "He looked like my friend Oscar." From that time on the prizes were called
the Oscars.

Answer the following questions according to the passage.
1. What is the Oscar?
                                                                                                                             
2. Who can win the Oscars?
                                                                                                                             
3. Where does the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Science give Oscars to them? 
                                                                                                                              
4. When did the Oscars get their names?
                                                                                                                              
5. Why are Oscars important?
                                                                                                                               

       Paris is the capital of France. Its subway (地铁) is also very special. You can enjoy its culture when you
are in this city. First you can see many people reading books in the subway. Whenever they are in the subway
or at the station, there is always a book in the hand.
       The subway station in Paris is not big, but each of them has its special acts. Some stations look like ships.
Some stations have clothes, caps and shoes. And every station has a big advertisement picture. But many of
them are for selling clothes and cosmetics (化妆品).
       You can meet some beggars (乞丐) in the subway. But the beggars in the Pairs subway are also very
special. They often play the violin or guitar in the train. They don't feel shy at all. Instead they think it is natural.
After playing, they will go around the train and ask you to give them some money.
       If you want to learn more about Paris, go to the subway and enjoy its culture by yourself.
1. Which city is the capital of France?
                                                                                        
2. What do people usually do when they are in the subway? 
                                                                                        
3. Is the subway station very big in Paris?
                                                                                        
4. What can you buy in some subway stations?
                                                                                        
5. How do the beggars get money from people in the subway?
                                                                                        

     Thousands of years ago, people didn't live in cold places because they didn't know how to keep themselves
warm. Later they learned to make clothes. When an animal was killed, they made use of its skins to cover their
bodies.            
     Nature is people's good friend. It once helped people find fire, when lighting hit a forest and started a fire.
_____ The fire kept them warm, and also frightened wild animals. Soon people found the food cooked tasted
much better, so they began to use the fire to cook food.
     But people still didn't know how to make a fire. When they got a fire from the forest they tried to keep it
burning.            
     But later they found different ways to make fire. For example, they made fire by burning wood or knocking
two pieces of stones. 
     Today it's easy for people to make fire because they have matches, lighters and different kinds of heaters.
          
A. If it went out, they had to wait for years.
B. The skins keep them warm.
C. They can make fire at any time they need.
D. People took some of this fire to their homes.
E. People didn't know how to use fire.

     Long ago, people did not need money. They lived on wild animals, fruits and other plants.
     As time passed by, people learned to raise animals and crops. Sometimes, families produced more than they
needed, so they started to trade with other families. ____ However, it was not the kind of money we use today.
They used shells, rice, salt, large stones, etc.
     During the 600sBC, people began using coins as money. They soon found that coins were easier to carry
than goods and lasted a long time. _____
     The Chinese were the first to use the paper money, probably as early as the 11th century. The Italian
travelers Marco Polo saw the Chinese using money when he visited China in the 1200s. ____
     Today, we have many ways to pay for things. We do not use coins or paper money. Often people prefer to
pay for things by card.____
A. Later, countries began to make their own coins.
B. We use money to buy things every day.
C. Paying with a card is easier and safer than carrying around a lot of "real" money.
D. However, European countries did not start using paper money until 1600s.
E. Later, people began to use money as a means of exchange (交换).

     London's Chinese community (社区) dates back to the 18th century, when a small number of sailors moved
to the city to work in East London. As time went on, other Chinese people came to this area and it began to be
known as "Chinatown". However, London's Chinese community remained very small for many years: at the
start of the 20th century, there were just 545 Chinese people in Britain.
     _____ At first, the new immigrants (移民) found it difficult to get jobs. In the 1950s, however, a small
Chinese restaurant opened in London._____ Suddenly, Chinese restaurants and take-aways started opening in
every part of the city. Instead if too little work, the new Chinese immigrants now found that they had too much!
They worked as cookers, managers or waiters._____
     As time went by, London's Chinese community became more and more successful. The sons and daughters
of the original restaurant workers studied and worked very hard. And most went on to get highly paid jobs.
_____ Chinatown, however, is still lovely as ever.
A. Most of them enjoyed their loves and arranged their friends and relatives to join them from overseas.
B. It is difficult to find jobs.
C. Many British people visited it and said that Chinese food was wonderful.
D. After the Second World War, many farmers in Hong Kong lost their jobs and came to London.
E. Many Chinese families left Chinatown and moved to the more expensive area.

     In 1826, a Frenchman named Niepce needed pictures for his business. But he was not a good artist. So he
invented a very simple camera (照相机). He put it in a window of his house and took a picture of his garden.
____
     The next important date in the history of photography (摄影术) was in 1837. That year, Daguere, another
Frenchman, took a picture of his reading room. In his picture you could see everything very clearly, even the
smallest thing. This kind of photo was called a Daguerreotype.
     In about 1840, photography was developed. Then photographers could take pictures of people and moving
things. That was not simple.____ But this did not stop them, for example, some in the United States worked
very hard. 
     Mathew Brady was a famous American photographer. He took many pictures of great people.          
     Photography also became one kind of are by the end if the 19th century. Some photos were not just copies
of the real world.____
A. It was difficult to take pictures.
B. The pictures were unusual because they were very lifelike (栩栩如生的).
C. That was the first photo.
D. The photographers had to carry a lot of film and other machines.
E. They showed feelings, like other kinds of art.

      The customs in different countries are rather different. If I have dinner with a Chinese host, he always
puts more food onto my plates as soon as I have emptied it. That often discomforts me greatly. I have to eat
the food even if I don't want to, because it is considered (认为) bad manners in the West to leave one's food
on the plate. I have already noticed that when a Chinese sits at an American's dinner party, he very often
refuses (拒绝) the offer of food or drink though he is in fact still hungry or thirsty. This might be good
manners in China, but it is not in the West at all. In the United States, it is impolite to keep asking someone
again and again or insist on his accepting something. Americans have a direct (直接的) way of speaking. If
they want something, they will ask for it. If not, they will say, "No, thanks." When an American
dislikes the beer served by the host, for example, he might say, "No, thanks. I'll take some diet Coca-Cola
(可口可乐) if you have it." That is what an American will do. So when you go to the United States, you
had better remember the famous saying: When in Rome, do as the Romans do.

1. From the passage, we can know that the Chinese are usually _______ to the guests.

A. very hot
B. rude
C. impolite
D. cold

2. When a foreigner has dinner with a Chinese host, he often feels_______.

A. pleasant
B. uncomfortable
C. satisfied
D. happy

3. Why does a Chinese often refuse the offer of food or drink at a dinner party?

A. He has had enough.
B. He is shy.
C. He is afraid that others will laugh at him.
D. He thinks it's polite to do that.

4. When an American wants something to eat or drink at a dinner, he will _______.

A. ask for it through others
B. refuse the offer
C. ask for it directly
D. express himself indirectly (间接地)

5. "When in Rome, do as the Romans do" means "_______".

A. When you got to Rome, you should act as the Romans do
B. When you stay in Rome, you should do as the Romans do
C. When you are in a new country, you should do as the locals (当地人) do
D. Romans can be aft example for you