(08·江西D篇)

Intellectual property (IP) is a product of the mind that has commercial value．The concept dates back to 1623,when the first patent law to protect IP rights was passed．IP rights protect an artist from having his/her creative ideas copied by another．For example, if somebody generates an idea for a novel, that idea is protected by IP rights．If someone else wishes to represent the idea or develop it further, he/she must consult the original artists, who will normally be rewarded financially for its use．Back in the 17th century, IP rights were primarily carried out to protect newly developed manufacturing processes against stealing,but today, intellectual property rights, are also enjoyed by those who create music, art and literature．

In recent years, IP rights have been the focus of a great deal of discussion because of a technology which looks set to weaken them altogether: the Internet．Many years ago, if you wanted a recording of a song, you would have to purchase it from a music store; if a novel, from a book store．In those days, IP rights were easily protected since it was very difficult to obtain intellectual property without paying for it．However, a lot of IP, including songs, films, books and artwork, can be downloaded today free of charge using the Internet．This practice has now taken the world by storm, dramatically affecting the way in which we view IP rights．

68．According to the writer, in the beginning, IP rights were mainly of use to ____  __．

A．those creating music, art and literature

B．novelists

C．engineers and inventors

D．those not receiving financial reward for their work

69．What do we know about the Internet according to the passage?

A．It makes IP rights harder to protect．

B．It sells songs and films．

C．It does not affect the way we understand IP rights．

D．It prevents the production of artwork．

70．According to Paragraph 2, what has “taken the world by storm”?

A．Intellectual property rights．

B．The Internet．

C．Free downloading．

D．The large number of songs, films and books．

71．A possible title for this passage could be _____  _．

A．A History of IP Rights                        B．Ways to Protect Your IP Rights

C．The Present and the Future of IP        D．IP Rights and Our Attitudes

 (08·辽宁B篇)

Heroes of Our Time

A good heart

       Dikembe Mutombo grew up in Africa among great poverty and disease.He came to Georgetown University on a scholarship(奖学金) to study medicine—but Coach(教练) John Thompson got a look at Dikembe and had a different idea. Dikembe became a star in the NBA, and a citizen of the United States. But he never forgot the land of his birth, or the duty to share his fortune with others. He built a new hospital in his old hometown in the Congo. A friend has said of this good-hearted man: “Mutombo believes that God has given him this chance to do great things.”

Success and kindness

       After her daughter was born, Julie Aigner-Clark searched for ways to share her love of music and art with her child. So she borrowed some equipment, and began filming children’s videos(录像) in her own house. The Baby Einstein Company was born, and in just five years her business grew to more than $20 million in sales. And she is using her success to help others—producing child safety videos with John Walsh of the National Center for Missing and Exploited Children. Julie says of her new program: “I believe it’s the most important thing that I have ever done. I believe that children have the right to live in a world that is safe.”

Bravery and courage

       A few weeks ago, Wesley Autrey was waiting at a Harlem subway station with his two little girls when he saw a man fall into the path of a train. With seconds to act, Wesley jumped onto the tracks, pulled the man into the space between the rails(铁轨), and held him as the train passed right above their heads. He insists he’s not a hero. He says: “We have got to show each other some love.”

60. What was Mutombo praised for?

   A. Being a star in the NBA.                                  B. Being a student of medicine.

   C. His work in the church.                                  D. His willingness to help the needy.

61. Mutombo believes that building the new hospital is ______.

   A. helpful to his personal development

   B. something he should do for his homeland

   C. a chance for his friends to share his money

   D. a way of showing his respect to the NBA

62. What did the Baby Einstein Company do at its beginning?

   A. Produce safety equipment for children.

   B. Make videos to help protect children.

   C. Sell children’s music and artwork.

   D. Look for missing and exploited children.

63. Why was Wesley Autrey praised as a hero?

   A. He helped a man get across the rails.

   B. He stopped a man from destroying the rails.

   C. He protected two little girls from getting hurt.

   D. He saved a person without considering his own safety.

 (08·辽宁A篇)

I travel a lot, and I find out different “styles”(风格) of directions every time I ask “How can I get to the post office?”

Foreign tourists are often confused(困惑的) in Japan because most streets there don’t have names; in Japan, people use landmarks(地标) in their directions instead of street names. For example, the Japanese will say to travelers, “Go straight down to the corner. Turn left at the big hotel and go past a fruit market. The post office is across from the bus stop.”

In the countryside of the American Midwest, there are not usually many landmarks. There are no mountains, so the land is very flat; in many places there are no towns or buildings within miles. Instead of landmarks, people will tell you directions and distances. In Kansas or Iowa, for example, people will say, “Go north two miles. Turn east, and then go another mile.”

People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map; they measure distance in time, not miles. “How far away is the post office?” you ask. “Oh,” they answer, “it’s about five minutes from here.” You say, “Yes, but how many miles away is it?” They don’t know.

It’s true that a person doesn’t know the answer to your question sometimes. What happens in such a situation? A New Yorker might say, “Sorry, I have no idea.” But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers “I don’t know.” People in Yucatan believe that “I don’t know” is impolite. They usually give an answer, often a wrong one. A tourist can get very, very lost in Yucatan!

56. When a tourist asks the Japanese the way to a certain place, they usually ______.

   A. describe the place carefully                      B. show him a map of the place

   C. tell him the names of the streets                D. refer to recognizable buildings and places

57. What is the place where people measure distance in time?

   A.New York.           B.Los Angeles.              C.Kansas.              D.Iowa.

58. People in Yucatan may give a tourist a wrong answer ______.

   A. in order to save time                                B. as a test

   C. so as to be polite                                     D. for fun

59. What can we infer from the text?

   A. It’s important for travelers to understand cultural differences.

   B. It’s useful for travelers to know how to ask the way properly.

   C. People have similar understandings of politeness.

   D. New Yorkers are generally friendly to visitors.

 (08·安徽D篇)

Some people think that as more and more people have televisions in their homes，fewer and fewer people will buy books and newspapers. Why read an article in the newspaper，when the TV news can bring you the information in a few minutes and with pictures? Why read the life story of a famous man，when a short television program can tell you all that you want to know?

Television has not killed reading, however. Today，newspapers sell in very large numbers. And books of every kind are sold more than ever before. Books are still a cheap way to get information and enjoyment．Although some books with hard covers are expensive，many books are printed today as paperbacks(平装本)，which are quite cheap. A paperback collection of short stories，for example，is always cheaper than an evening at the cinema or the theater，and you can keep a book for ever and read it many times.

Books are a wonderful provider of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books should be in every home．Every home should have a good dictionary．A good encyclopedia(百科全书)，though expensive，is useful，too，because you can find information on any subject．Besides，you can have such books as history books，science textbooks，cookbooks，and collections of stories and poems．Then from time to time you can take a book of poems off your shelves and read the thoughts and feelings of your favorite poets.

68. It can be inferred from the passage that＿＿＿.

A．TV programs are a chief provider of knowledge

B．cinemas are the best choice in getting information

C．reading is a cheap way of learning and having fun

D．newspapers are an expensive way to enjoy oneself

69．What does the sentence“Television has not killed reading，however.”underlined

in the second paragraph suggest?

A．People only need reading，though.

B．Reading is still necessary today.

C．Reading is more fun than television.

D．Watching television doesn’t help reading.

70．Which of the following is mainly discussed in the last paragraph?

A．Types of books.                       B．Kinds of dictionaries．

C．Lists of history books．            D．Collections of stories and poems.

71．What can we learn from the passage?

A．Fewer and fewer people will buy books．

B．A good dictionary should be kept in every home．

C．Books with hard covers sell better than paperbacks.

D．More people like TV programs about famous men．

 (09·陕西E篇)

Successful people in international business understand the cultures of other countries and learn to change their practices in different cultures. They understand the importance of avoiding business decisions based on misconceptions—mistaken ideas.

One cause of misconceptions is ethnocentrism, the belief that one’s own culture’s way of doing things is better than the way of other cultures. It’s ethnocentrism that leads to failure in international business. To avoid ethnocentrism, it’s necessary to study the different elements（组成部分）of culture: language, values and attitudes, and customs and manners.

Language

A. knowledge of the local language can help international business people in four ways. First, people can communicate directly. Second, people are usually more open in their communication with someone who speaks their language. Third, an understanding of the language allows people to infer meanings that are not said directly. Finally, knowing the language helps people to understand the culture better.

Values are people’s basic beliefs about the difference between right and wrong, good and bad . An attitude is a way of thinking or acting. Values and attitudes influence international business. For example, many people in the United States believe that chocolate from Switzerland is better than chocolate from other countries, and they buy a lot of it.

Customs and manners

Customs are common social practices. Manners are ways of acting that the society believes are polite. For example, in the United States,  it is the custom to have salad （色拉） before the main course at dinner, not after. It’s not acceptable to talk with food in mouth at table. Failure to understand the customs and manners of other countries will bring difficulty selling their products. Orange juice as a breakfast drink of an American company in France doesn’t sell well because the French don’t usually drink juice with breakfast.

57. A. knowledge of the local language allows international business people _________.

A. to be more open with their customers

B. to communicate without outside help

C. to express their thoughts indirectly

D. to have a better idea of their own culture

58. The act of many people buying chocolate of Switzerland shows the role of ________.

A. manners           B. values            C. attitudes           D. customs

59. What would be the best title for the text?                   

A. Misconceptions in Business               B. Basic Beliefs in Business

C. International Business Culture             D. Successful International Business

60. The author’s purpose of writing this article is to tell people ___________      

A. how to take a right attitude in business

B. how to avoid misunderstandings in business

C. how to use a local language in business

D. how to act politely and properly in business

 (09·陕西C篇)

“Old wives tales” are beliefs passed down from one generation to another, For example, most of us remember our patents’ telling us to eat more of certain foods or not to do certain things. Is there any truth in these teachings? Some of them agree with present medical thinking, but others have not passed the test of time

Did your mother ever tell you to eat your carrots because they are good for your eyes? Scientists now report that eating carrots can help prevent a serious eye disease called macular degeneration Eating just one carrot a day can reduce the possibility of getting this disease by 40%. Garlic（蒜）is good for you, too。It can kill the type of virus that causes colds.

Unfortunately, not all of Mom’s advice passed the test of medical studies. For example, generations of children have been told not to go swimming within an hour after eating. But research suggests that there is no danger in doing so. Do sweets cause tooth problems? Well, yes and no. sticky sweets made with grains tend to cause more problems than sweets made with simple sugars.

Even though science can tell us that some of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water, there is still a lot of truth in the old wives’ tales, After all, much of this knowledge has been accumulated （积累） from thousands of our traditional beliefs don’t hold water should respect this body of knowledge even as research for clear scientific support to proven it true or false

48. Which of the following is TRUE according to the text？         

A, Eating garlic is good for our eyes

B, Sticky sweets are damaging to our teeth

C, Swimming after a meal is dangerous。

D, Carrots prevent people from catching colds

49.The author develops the third paragraph mainly--------。         

A. by cause and effects                     B. by order in space

C. by order in time                         D. by examples

50.The phrase “hold water” in the last paragraph most probably means“   ”

A. to be believable    B. to be valuable       C. to be admirable     D. to be smtable

51 What is the author’s attitude toward “old wives’ tales” in the text?

A. So objective       B. Objective          C. Dissatisfied         D. Curious

 (09·山东D篇)

An increase in students applying to study economics at university is being attributed to （归因于）the global economic crisis awakening a public thirst for knowledge about how the financial system works.

Applications for degree courses beginning this autumn were up by 15% this January, according to UCAS, the Universities and Colleges Admissions Service. A. spokesman for the Royal Economic Society said applications to do economics at A-level were also up.

Professor john Beath, the president of the society and a leading lecture at St Andrews University, said his first-year lectures-which are open to students from all departments—were drawing crowds of 400, rather than the usual 250.

 “There are a large number of students who are not economics majors, who would like to learn something about it. One of the things I have done this year is to relate my teaching to contemporary events in a way that one hasn’t traditionally done. ” He added.  

University applications rose 7% last year. But there were rises above average in several subjects. Nursing saw a 15% jump, with people’s renewed interest in caters in the pubic sector（部门）, which are seen as more secure in economic crisis.

A. recent study showed almost two thirds of parents believed schools should do more to teach pupils about financial matters, and almost half said their children had asked them what was going on, although a minority of parents felt they did not understand it themselves well enough to explain.

Zack Hocking, the head of Child Trust Funds, said: “It’s possible that one good thing to arise from the downturn will be a generation that’s financially wiser and better equipped to manage their money through times of economic uncertainty.”

71. Professor John Beath’s lectures are             .

A. given in a traditional way                 B. connected with the present situation

C. open to both students and their parents       D. warmly received by economics

72. Incomes in the public sector are more attractive because of their         .

A. greater stability     B. higher pay    C. fewer applications   D. better reputation

73. in the opinion of most parents           .

A. eccentrics should be the focus of school teaching

B. more students should be admitted to universities

C. the teaching of financial matters should be strengthened.

D. children should solve financial problems themselves

74. According to Hocking, the global economic crisis might make the youngsters        .

A. wiser in money management

B. have access to better equipment

C. confide about their future careers

D. get jobs in Child Trust Funds

75. What’s the main idea of the text?

A. Universities have received more applications.

B. Economics is attracting an increasing numbers students

C. college students benefit a lot from economic uncertainty

D. parents are concerned with children’s subject selection. 

 (09·全国ⅡE篇)

It's only 4 hours flying time from Sydney, but a world away. What better place to rest than a country where the only place people hurry is on the football field and things are done in "Fiji time"?

Viti Lev-Great Fiji-is the largest island. Here you'll find the capital Suva and the international airport at Nadi Vatoa, on the other hand, is a tiny island in the farthest part of Hiji. Then there are 331 other islands, many of them with places to stay.

With less than a million people living on islands, you'll never feel crowded  And with a climate（气候）that changes only for five degrees between seasons, there’s never a bad time to come.

From cities to villages, from mountains to beaches, from water sports to wooden artworks, Fiji can give you more adventures and special experiences than you could find almost any where in the world.

Whenever you come , wherever you go ,you’re sure to see some unforgettable events , From war dances to religious （宗教的） songs. From market days to religious days. It's not just staged  for tourists; it's still a part of everyday life in Fiji And any one of us can enjoy Fiji's spirit by being part of the traditional （传统的） sharing of yaqona—a drink made from the root of a Fiji plant

So why not join us for the experience of a lifetime?

57. Where is the international airport of Fiji?

A. In Suva                               B. In Sydney     

C. On the island of Vatoa                    D. On the island of Viti Levu

58. What does the text tell us about Fijian people?

A. They invented “Fiji time” for visitors

B. They stick to a traditional way of lift

C. They like to travel from place to place

D. They love taking adventures abroad

59. One of the things that make Fiji a tourist attraction is

A. its comfortable hotels

B. its good weather all year round

C. its exciting football matches

D. its religious beliefs

60. Where can we most probably read this text?

A. In a personal diary                B. In a science report

C. In a travel magazine               D. In a geography textbook

 (09·全国ⅡD篇)

The American newspaper has been around for about three hundred years. In 1721, the printer James Franklin. Benjamin's older brother, started the New England Courant, and that was what we might recognize today as a real newspaper. He filled his paper with stories of adventure, articles on art, on famous people, and on all sorts of political subjects.

Three centuries after the appearance of Franklin's Courant. few believe that newspapers in their present printed form will remain alive for long Newspaper complies are losing advertisers （广告商）, readers, market value. and. in some cases, their sense of purpose at a speed that would not have been imaginable just several years ago The chief editor （主编） of the times said recently, "At places where they gather, editors ask one another, 'How are you?', as if they have just come out of the hospital or a lost law came. “An article about the newspaper appeared on the website of the Guardian, under the headline “NOT DEAD YET.”

perhaps not, but the rise of the Internet which has made the daily newspaper look slow and out of step with the world, has brought about a real sense of death. Some American newspapers have lost 42% of their market value in the past thee years The New York Times Company has  seen its stock （股票） drop by 54% since the end of 2004, with much of the loss coming in the past year A manager at Deutsche Bank suggested that stock-holders sell off their Times stock The Washington Post Comply has prevented the trouble only by changing part of its business to education its testing and test-preparation service now brings in at least half the company's income.

53. What can we learn about the New England Curran?

A. It is mainly about the stock market.

B. It marks the beginning of the American newspaper.

C. It remains a successful newspaper in America.

D. It comes articles by political leaders.

54. What can we infer about the newspaper editors?

A. They often accept readers' suggestions

B. They care a lot about each other's health.

C. They stop doing business with advertisers.

D. They face great difficulties in their business.

55. Which of the following found a new way for its development?

A. The Washington Post           B. The Guardian

C. The New York Times.          D. New England Courant

56. How does the author seem to feel about the future of newspapers?

A. Satisfied      B. Hopeful

C. Worried       D. Surprised

 (09·辽宁D篇)

It is true that good writers rewrite and rewrite and then rewrite some more. But in order to work up the desire to rewrite, it is important to learn to like what you write at the early stage.

I am surprised at the number of famous writers I know who say that they so dislike reading their own writing later that they even hate to look over the publishers’ opinions. One reason we may dislike reading our own work is that we’re often disappointed that the rich ideas in our minds seem very thin and plain when first written down. Jerry Fodor and Steven Pinker suggest that this fact may be a result of how our minds work. .

Different from popular belief ,we do not usually think in the works and sentences of ordinary language but in symbols for ideas （known as “mentalese”）, and writing our ideas down is an act of translation from that symbolic language . But while mentalese contains our  thoughts in the form of a complex tapestry （织锦），writing can only be composed one thread at a time . Therefore it should not be surprising that our first attempt at expressing ideas should look so simple. It is only by repeatedly rewriting that we produces new threads and connect them to get closer to the ideas formed in our minds.

When people write as if some strict critics （批评家） are looking over their shoulder , they are so worried about what this critic might say that they get stuck before they even start. Peter Elbow makes an excellent suggestion to deal with this problem. When writing we should have two different minds. At the first stage, we should see every idea, as well as the words we use to express it ,as wonderful and worth putting down . It is only during rewrites that we should examine what we excitedly wrote in the first stage and check for weaknesses.

68. What do we learn from the text about those famous writers?

A.They often regret writing poor works

B.Some of them write surprisingly much.

C.Many of them hate reading their own works

D.They are happy to review the publishers’ opinions.

69. What do people generally believe about the way human minds work?

A. People think in words and sentences.

B.Human ideas are translated into symbols

C. People think by connecting threads of ideas.

D.Human thoughts are expressed through pictures.

70. What can we conclude from the text?

A. Most people believe we think in symbols.

B.Loving our own writing is scientifically reasonable.

C.The writers and critics can never reach an agreement.

D.Thinking and writing are different stages of mind at work.