阅读表达

　　Football is the most popular game in England．One of things that surprise a stranger is the great knowledge of the game, which even the smallest boy, seems to have．He can tell you the names of the players in most of the important teams．He has photos of them and knows the results of large numbers of matches．He will tell you who he expects will win such a match, and his opinion is usually as valuable as that of men three times his age．

　　Most schools in England take football seriously－much more seriously than other European schools, where lessons are most important, and games are unimportant．In England, it is believed that education is not only a matter of filling a boy’s mind with facts in the classroom; education also means character training; and one of the best ways of training character is by means of games, especially team games, where the boy learns to work with others for his team instead of working selfishly for himself alone．

1．From the passage, what can we describe football in England?

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2．In English schools what is filled into the education of boys?

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3．What is the meaning of the underlined part “character training”?

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4．Can you compare the interest of Englanders and Europeans in football?

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5．Why is it that even a small boy has a good knowledge of football in England?

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信息匹配(下面是一篇应用文及其应用场合的信息，请阅读下列应用文和相关信息，并按照要求匹配信息。)

首先，请阅读下列失物招领：

　　A．Found：This afternoon at the reading-room of our school, I happened to find a black purse, inside of which there is some money, a telephone card and two photos etc．Loser is expected to come to Room 306 to claim it．

　　B．A mobile-phone found：Found on one of the desks in the school dinning-room on Tuesday．Call 89895623, please．

　　C．Have you lost your keys? Some keys were found under the tree at the school gate．Go to the headmaster’s office for them．

　　D．Schoolbag found：Found on the playground on the afternoon of December 12 when I was watching a basketball match there．Inside were a bunch of keys and a wallet in which there were some money and books．Come to Class 7, Senior Grade 3, please．

　　E．A red pen．Found in the men’s toilet on the second floor of the teaching building．A name on the body of the pen．Come to the teachers’ office on the second floor for it, please．

　　F．A watch is waiting for its owner．A golden watch was found at the parking lot this weekend．If you’re the owner, telephone 84567565．

请阅读下列寻物启事的信息，然后匹配遗失者和失物招领：

1．Jenny．Jenny lost a watch which is golden this weekend at the parking lot．

2．Johnson．Johnson is looking for his black purse．There is money, a telephone card and two photos in it．

3．Timmy．Timmy wants his red pen with his name on its back．He lost it at school．

4．Frinalla．Frinalla lost her schoolbag on the playground on December 12．There are keys to the classroom and a wallet and two books．

5．Shirly．Shirly can’t find her keys．She thinks she lost them at the school gate．

　　In the past, American families tended to be quite large．Parents raising five or more children were common．Over the years the size of the family has decreased．

　　One reason for this is an increase in the cost of living．On the average, children attend schools for more years than they used to, making them financially dependent on their families longer．Moreover, children nowadays are better dressed and have more money to spend on entertainment．The parents usually take the responsibility for all the expenses．

　　Meanwhile, families are less close than they used to be．More and more American mothers work away from home．The break up of the family occurs when the parent divorce．A lot of children in the U．S．live part of their young lives with only one parent．Broken families usually result in problems for children and parents alike．Children blame themselves when their parents separate．They grow up feeling unsettled as they are moved back and forth between parents．

　　Usually one parent takes the responsibility for raising the children．These single parents must care for the children’s emotional and psychological needs while also supporting them financially．This is very demanding and leaves very little time for the parent’s own personal interests．

　　Single parents often marry other single parents．In this type of family, unrelated children are forced to develop brother or sister relationship．The situations of many American families today are not good．

　　However, recent signs indicate that things are getting better．The divorce rate is declining．The rate of childbirth is rising．Perhaps Americans have learned how important families are．

1．Why have American families become smaller?

2．What is a single parent?

3．What problems might children have when their parents break up?

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一对父母在谈论他们的朋友南茜和她的丈夫要离婚的事。

　　M：Kate, Nancy and Steve are breaking up．

　　F：It’s really a shame．I’ve heard that they quarrel, but they’ve always made up(和好)afterward．

　　M：Things are not working out this time．They are getting a separation soon．

　　F：What is going to happen to their daughter, Bonnie?

　　M：Nancy is going to take her．

　　F：The cost of living is so high．It will be difficult for her to take the responsibility．She had better think the whole thing over．

　　M：She seems to have made up her mind．She said she would rather be a single parent than cope with an unhappy marriage．

　　F：Well, I hope her parents will be able to talk her out of it．

“离婚”在今天的社会已经是一个很普通的词，代表一种很普遍的现象。它带来了家庭规模、人际关系以及社会、个人心理等方面的种种变化。这其中，谁受到的影响最大呢？

　　Nowadays, children are much more tired than parents．They have to undergo(承受)a lot of pressure that comes from parents or teachers．

　　The expectations from the parents are very high．They want us to be a famous writer today, an excellent pianist tomorrow and an experienced managing director the other day．However, we children are in the stage of growing up so how can we meet all those expectations?How could we build Rome in a day?How could we be knowledgeable just in a short period?

　　But children have no choice．Parents seldom regard children as their friends．They just treat them as their property and put their own needs first．They ignore children’s feelings and wishes but care only for their own wishes or dreams．

　　Children are very young;they need guidance from their parents．However, parents misunderstand their children．They don’t communicate with their children．Parents always think that spoiling(伤害)children is what they called “understanding”．

　　Parents only give material things instead of understanding．Children and parents can hardly agree with one another．

　　We children are the earliest birds in the morning, waiting for school buses with few pedestrians(路人)around．Our parents can watch TV every night, chat with each other every day and go bowling every week．On the contrary, we have to recite our English, do our homework and play the piano day by day．

　　So who has the hardest life in the society?Who has more pressure?Who needs more understanding?We children need understanding from our parents．

　　任务导入：Hold a Debate Competition(辩论赛)on the point Who Need More Understanding－Parents or Children．

辩论赛细则

辩论赛程序？(辩论会主席执行)

1．辩论赛开始

2．宣布辩题

3．介绍参赛代表队及所持立场

4．介绍参赛队员

5．介绍规则评委及点评嘉宾

6．辩论赛比赛(辩论过程程序见下)

7．规则评委及点评嘉宾退席评议

8．观众自由提问

9．宣布比赛结果

10．辩论赛结束

　　A 15-year-old boy：I hate being controlled all the time by my parents．Whenever I

　　want to do something, they will doubt and then stop me．They decide everything for me－they for ever treat me as a 3-year-old baby, which indeed makes me depressed and have little confidence, not only before my parents, but also before my classmates．

　　 A father of a 16-year-old girl：I love my daughter very much, so I seldom allow her to do anything according to her own will．She is just a school girl and knows little about society and about life．What she feels like doing may hurt her．We parents must guide them and stop their stupid ideas．Of course, she is not always willing to follow me, but, I don’t think it a problem．

　　A teacher of a high school：I often asked my students to decide for themselves what they should do and what not．I found that the students who seldom make decisions at home were slow to get an idea and less active to make any decision．While on the other hand, those who often acted as a decider at home were active to make decisions, which sometimes seemed to be too quick and these students are less willing to consider others’ advice．

　　A mother who works as a busy manager：I have little time to spare for my son and I feel very upset．So I prefer to satisfy any request he raises to me－just for fewer feelings of guilty, though it seems to be harder and harder to make him satisfied．After all, his happiness is the most important thing for me in the world．

　　A high school student：I was once proud of my parents, because they treat me as an adult．They would listen to my idea attentively whenever there was a need to make a decision, and if I showed different idea from theirs, they would changed theirs．But recently, I’ve found that I am often at loss(迷茫), for there seems to have no many such people like my parents who will always follow my thought．Are my parents less wise than others?

　　A university girl：I am greatly thankful to my parents．They respect my ideas and opinions and take them seriously, and what’s more important, they always point out the mistakes found in my ideas and make me clear about them．From them, I learnt to respect others’ thoughts and consider everything objectively and to make decisions properly．Now, I think I am a fairly mature girl with selfconfidence．

　　爸爸和我都用MSN，妈妈和我都喜欢超女。现代父母和子女真的打成一片了吗？

　　Sometimes, when Tom Krattenmaker and his 16 year old daughter, Holland, listen to rock music together and talk about pop culture．They both enjoy these moments．

　　Mr．Krattenmaker, from Pennsylvania, USA, recalled his relationship with his parents when he was a teenager．“I would never have said to my mom, ’Hey, this new album(专辑)is really great－how do you like it?’”，He said, “There was just a complete gap in sensibility(情感)and taste．”

　　Music was not the only gap．From clothing and hairstyles to activities and expectations(期望)，earlier generations of parents and children often appeared to be in separate orbits(轨道)．

　　Today, the generation gap has not disappeared, but it is shrinking(缩小)in many families, according to reports．

　　Parents today are more youthful in appearance and attitudes(态度)．They also wear blue jeans and they have casual hairstyles．Those who like sports also enjoy Rollerblading(轮滑)，snowboarding, and rock climbing with their children．

　　The old authoritarian(权威主义的)method is giving way to a more equal one．Parents will take the “Come, let us reason together” attitude instead of “Because I said so, that’s why．”

　　The result can be a rewarding closeness among family members．Conversations that would have been awkward(别扭的)on subjects such as sex and drugs now are comfortable and common between western parents and children．Parents realize that children may have important thoughts or feelings that adults need to know．

　　No wonder greeting cards today carry the message, “To my mother, my best friend．”

　　Familyexperts, however, worrythat the new equality can also have downsides－decreasing respect for parents as everyone has a say(发言权)in the family and self indulgence(任性)of the children as the power shifts to them．

　　Many parents have started making decisions based on what their children want．Parents focus on making their children happy, as opposed to guiding most appropriately(恰当地)．Busy parents have an increase of guilt and are less eager to spend time disciplining(使遵守纪律，责罚)．

　　In addition, parents tend to encourage children’s independence, making them more responsible for themselves．Some worry that if they tell their child no, or impose(设置)limits, it will hurt the child’s self esteem(自尊)．

　　问题导入：与从前相比，代的父母与孩子之间，多的是平等交流和民主相处，像是朋友，以分享彼此的好恶和喜乐。很多人认为这是一种进步，人欣喜；也有人认为过分民主会让还缺乏判断力的孩子变得任性、不懂得服从。你和父母之间是怎样的关系？全平等的朋友吗？是家里做决定的人？还是父母？

　　Millions of Americans take part in adult education programs．Some adults are completing high school, college or graduate school work．They attend classes designed especially for working people on weekends or at night．

　　Other adults take classes by mail or on their computers．For example, the University of Arizona Extended University is one of many colleges now providing such courses．Other adults learn job skills like computer science or woodworking．Still other adult students learn to read or improve their English．

　　Some adult students are not trying to finish their education or learn job skills．Instead, they want to explore new interests．They want to learn to speak a foreign language, play a musical instrument or take good pictures．They attend continuing education programs at a community college or public school．For example, Montgomery College in Rockville, Maryland, offers many classes．They teach adults how to build a house or how to write their memories．

　　An agency in the federal Department of Education supervises public adult education programs．Also, the government offers classes in many subjects for adults through the departments of Agriculture and Defense．So do private companies, labor unions and other organizations．These subjects include the arts, science and business．

　　Adult education classes meet in schools, public libraries and business offices．They also meet in religious centers and shopping centers．Classes in nature sciences and sports often take place outside．

　　Education experts say the large number of retired Americans is a major reason for the popularity of adult education．These people say they want to continue developing their brains．

　　Some programs for older adults include travel．For example, the nonprofit organization Elderhostel serves hundreds of thousands of people over age fifty five．One Elderhostel program takes place in New Orleans, Louisiana．This program teaches older adults about the culture of this famous city．Students travel there to learn about New Orleans food, music, history, art and building design．

　　Today, more and more American adults are proving that education is not only for young people．

想一想：How do you understand the saying one is never too old to learn?Why are there more and more people going back to school for full time or part time study?If you were one of the persons who have to go back to school, what would be the most probable reason for that?

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任务导入：Have a discussion on Differences between Lives of Chinese Students and American Students．You can do something to make the discussion work out better：

1．Tick out the most different and striking points about American students in the two passages above．

2．Write down what we Chinese students do in these situations．

3．Talk about each difference and show your idea which type do you prefer, the Chinese one or the American one?

4．Have a further talk on the point that why there are so many differences between lives of the students’ in the two countries?

The form below may be helpful for your discussion：

话题链接：中国中学生崇尚在发展自己兴趣爱好的同时，还要勤奋学习，为将来上一所好的大学努力拼搏。那么，对于远在大洋彼岸的美国中学生来说，他们的生活是否和我们相同呢？他们是否也和我们一样在为上一所好大学而“一心只读圣贤书”呢？

　　As a student,you must want to know something about American high school students．In fact, just like in China, in the United States, high school is usually divided into two parts, one is called “junior high school” and the other is “senior high school”．

　　In China, children enjoy free education of nine years, but in the United States, the students enjoy free education until they are eighteen years old．As a result of the free education system, American children have little difficulty in going to senior high school．

　　American high school students can take part in a lot of activities outside the classroom, such as joining a music group or a sports team．Certainly, just like students in China, American students have to work hard in order to get good marks if they want to go to a good university．They don’t specialize(专攻)in any special subjects, and they take classes in all kinds of subjects all through the high school time．And those who come out with low marks at the end of a school year and who are supposed to stay a grade are often allowed to go on to the next grade．

　　In American high schools, there is fighting or hurting or other kinds of bad behavior(行为)．So children who want to go to universities are often sent to suburban(郊外的)high schools, where most students aim at going to good universities and the atmosphere(气氛)is quite different．

　　Peter is a Grade One student in high school, and he has a part time job in a restaurant．He washes dishes on Saturdays and Sundays from 8∶00 a.m.until 4∶00 p.m．He can earn ＄5.50 an hour．He saves almost all the money he can get because he wants to go to a good university．The cost goes up every year in universities．Of course, He has to spend some money when he goes out on Saturday nights．

　　Jane is a student in high school．She is in Grade Two．She has a job as a cashier(收银员)in a shop．The job pays well－about ＄6.75 an hour．On weekdays, she works every night after school from 4∶00 until 8∶00．So she has no time for homework, and her grades aren’t very good this year．But she has to work, or she can’t buy nice clothes and can’t go out on Saturday nights．Also, her car costs a lot of money．

　　Lucy is a new student in a university．She finds a part time job and works in a law office for three hours every weekday afternoon．She does office work, like putting away papers and letters,for ＄8.25 an hour．The job gives her a good chance to learn things because she wants to be a lawyer someday．But she doesn’t want to work every term．She needs time to study．

美国的孩子自幼崇尚独立，成人以后，大都不愿依靠父母来养活自己了。凭着自己的劳动换来的收入，很多学生不但能自己支付上学的各种费用，而且还可以养车、娱乐、买时髦衣服呢！读读他们的日常生活安排，你有什么感触呢？