(06·安徽D篇)

To extinguish (熄灭) different kinds of fires, several types of fire extinguishers have been invented. They must be ready for immediate use when fire breaks out. Most portable (手提式的) kinds operate for less than a minute, so they are useful only on small fires. The law requires ships, trains, buses and planes to carry extinguishers.

Since fuel, oxygen (氧气) and heat must be present in order for fire to exist, one or more of these things must be removed or reduced to extinguish a fire. If the heat is reduced by cooling the material below a certain temperature, the fire goes out. The cooling method is the most common way to put out a fire. Water is the best cooling material because it is low in cost and easy to get.

Another method of extinguishing fire is by cutting off the oxygen. This is usually done by covering the fire with sand, steam or some other things. A blanket may be used do cover a small fire.

A third method is called separation, which includes removing the fuel, or material easy to burn, from a fire, so that it can find no fuel.

The method that is used to put out a fire depends upon the type of fire. Fires have been grouped in three classes. Fires in wood, paper, cloth and the like are called Class A fires. These materials usually help keep the fire on. Such fires can be stopped most readily by cooling with water.

68. If a fire breaks out on a bus, which of the follow should be ready there for you to use?

A. Sand                                                        B. Water

C. A blanket.                                                 D. An extinguisher.

69. To cover a small piece of burning wood with a basin in order to stop the fire is an example of         .

A. separating the fire                                     B. reducing the heat

C. removing the fuel                                     D. cutting off the oxygen

70. In choosing how to put out a fire, we should first be clear about          .

A. when it breaks out                                    B. how it comes about

C. what kind it is                                           D. where it takes place

71. What would the author probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?

A. Another class of fires                                       B. Another type of extinguishers

C. How fires break out.                                 D. How fires can be prevented.

 (06·安徽C篇)

Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. When resting in the shade, they are also watching the sky to see what is flying by, and even in the heat of the day they will suddenly start up and run a mile across the plains to find out what is going on. If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the dill for themselves. A grown lion can easily eat 60 pounds of meat at a single feeding. Often they eat until it seems painful for them to lie down.

The lioneases (母狮) , being thinner and faster, are better hunters (猎手) than the males (雄狮). But the males don’t mind. After the kill they move in and take the test share.

Most kills are made at night or just before daybreak. We have seen many, many daylight attempts but only ten kills. Roughly, It’s about twenty daytime attempts for one kill.

When lions are hiding for an attack by a water hole, they wait patiently and can charge at any second. The kill is the exciting moment in the day-to-day life of the lion, since these great animals spend most of their time, about 20 hours a day, sleeping and resting.

Lions are social cats, and when they are having a rest, they love to touch each other. After drinking at a water hole, a lioness rests her head on another’s back. When walking, young lions often touch faces with older ones, an act of close ties among members of the group.

64. By describing lions as “opportunists” in the first paragraph, the author means to say that lions       .

A. are cruel animals                                       B. are clever animals

C. like to take advantage of other animals         D. like to take every chance to eat

65. According to the text, which of the following is true?

A. Lions make most kills in the daytime.

B. Males care more about eating than active killing.

C. Lions are curious about things happening around them.

D. It doesn’t take lions too much time to make a kill.

66. How can we know that lions are social animals?

A. They depend on each other.                       B. They look after each other well.

C. They readily share what they have.             D. They enjoy each other’s company.

67. What would be the best tiltle for the text?

A. Powerful Lions                                         B. Lions at Work and Play

C. Lions, Social Cats                                     D. Lions, Skilled Hunters

 (06·湖南D篇)

The discovery of a dwarfed (矮个的)”human being” who lived in Flores .Indonesin .up to 18,000 years ago is changing the way we think about the human family .This “Flores Human”was three foot tall and her brain was smaller than that lf the average chimp (黑猩猩).yet she and her relatives apparently lived fully human lives .They seem to have made tools ,worked together to find food and cook it,and perhaps even hurried their dead with ceremony.

It was a major surprise to find tools associated with the new human family member .The tools are like those frmmerly seen only with European fossils (化石)from our own species;Homo sapiens (智人)；and the oldest of them were made  94,000years ago .Homo sapiens is thought to have amved in the island about 40,000 years ago ,much too late to be responsible for the tools .If this tiny human made the tools ,them the inside  structure (结构)of its brain must have been more like our own than a chimp’s ,despite being just a third the size of ours.

   This “new human” was suspected to be a dwarfed ranch of Homo erectus (直立人). When creatures are separated in regions with rare resources but few enemies,being big is a disadvantage, and evolution tends to shrink them, aprocess known as island dwarfing.Could natural selection make a human smaller while keeping----even improving----mental ability ?Quite possibly, believes Christopher Wills of the University of California.

   Has the “Flores Human” even shown the ability of language? “I find it difficult to imagine that people could make tools.use fire ,and kill large animals without fairly advanced communication.”  Wills says .Did “Flores Human” possess the basic components of human culture ---such as the burying of the dead with ceremony ?  Emiliano Bruner of the Italian Institute points out that Indonesia’s hot,wet environment is bad for fossilization.It is reasonable to assume ,he says ,that the 18,000-year-old bones of the most complete Flores woman were well-preserved because she was buried with special care.

67.According to the passage , “Flores Human”______.

A. lived a partly human life

B. was a branch of Homo sapiens

C. used tools before Homo sapiens arrived

D. had a brain as a common chimp’s                    

68.The underlined part “this tiny human”in Paragraph 2 refers to _______.

A.a chimp     .       B.Flores Human       C.Homo sapiens       D.Homo sapiens                  

69.This passage mainly talks about______.

A. the tools made by “Flores Human”

B. the language used by “Flores Human”

C. the evolution of “Flores Human”

D. the major surprising findings about “Flores Human”      

70.According to the passage ,it is believed that “Flores Human”_______.

A. was dwarfed by its enemies   

B. could use language

C. left a lot of fossils in hot and wet environment

D. reached Flores 40,000 years ago                      

 (06·湖南C篇)

The coyote(丛林狼).that elever animal of wide-open space .has come to the nation’s captial.In fact ,coyotes have spread to every comer of the United States,changing their behaviors to fit new envioronments and causing researchers to deal with a troublesome new kind of creature:the city coyote.

The coyote originally lived in the middle of the continent.One of its most obvious characters is its smartness, which has made the animal a notorious（臭名昭著的）pest.Hunters trapped,shot and poisoned more than a million coyotes in the 1900s.It’s still one of America’s mosthunted animals. Yet the coyote has survived.How has the coyote shown this extraordinary ability?”I guess if you wanted to use one word,it’d be ‘plasticity’.”says Erie Gese,an expert at Utah State University. Coyotes can live alon, in pairs, or in large packs like wolves,hunt at night or during the day , occupy a small region or an area up to 40 square miles,and live on all sorts of food,from lizards（蜥蜴）and shoes, to ants and melons.

    Unbelicvadly  people  helpcd coyotes  increase  when  they kiltcd most of the wolves in the United States. The sprcdding of coyotes into city areas,though.is rccent.They travel at night,crossing sidcwalks and bridges.running atong roads and ducking into cuinerts (钻入涵洞)and underpasscs .No one knows why coyotes are maving into cities.but expertsexplaih that clevcter,more human-tolerant(不怕人的)coyotes are teaching urban survivalskills to new generations.

Occasionally.coyotes mighe attack human beings.There have been about 160 attacks on peoplc in reccnt years Therefore,people have bccn consistently told not feed coyotes or leave pct food unseeurcd.That ,plus a large trapping program in the neighborhood.has cur down on the coyote population.

63.The underlinged word “plasticity”in Paragraph 2refers to____________.

A.the ability to fit the environment             B.notonous smartness

C.hunting ability                           D.being human-tolerant                   

64.The aim of the passage is to_____________.

A.tell pcople how to fight against coyotes

B.tell us why the coyote is the most hunted animal

C.supply the reason why the coyote is a kind of motorious pest

D.explain how the coyote has spread to and survived in cities                        

65.According to the passage,coyote__________.

A.originally lived in the west of the continent

B.sleep dung the day but look for food at night

C.are teaching survival skills to therr younger generations

D.suffered a population deerease because pcople killed wolves                       

66.According to the passage,to cut dowa on the coyolc population.people are advised to_______.

A.leave pct food secured                     B.keep coyotes in small regions

C.foree coyotes to live alone                  D.avond using trapping programs             

 (06·福建B篇)

As skies are filled with millions of migrating(迁徙)birds, European scientists say the seasonal wonder appears to be strange; the fatter that bird, the better it flies.
     The results of their study led to a theory opposite to a central one of acrodynamies (空气动力学), which says that the power needed to fly increases with weight.
     For birds, obviously, the cost of flying with heavy fat is much smaller than we used to think. Researchers found that red knoll wading birds double their normal body weight of 100 grams before making their twice-a-year nonstop flight between the British Isles and the Russian Arctic. Distance; 5, 000 kilometers.
     Another study in the magazine Nature measured the advantage of flying in an acrodynamic group which allows birds to save energy by flying smoothly and quietly in the lead bird’s air stream.

Flying in groups, their heart rates were 14.5 percent lower than flying alone, according to Henri, a French scientist. The findings help explain how birds completes difficult migrations. Researchers had thought that thinner, stronger birds would have the best chance to survive.
     The first study suggests that building up fat to be burnt as fuel during the migration is worth more than the energy it takes to carry the additional weight.
     In the study, researchers said their learn studied the birds flown at different body weights during 28 simulated(模拟的)flights. They forced a small amount of special water into the birds’ bodies so that they could measure the amount of energy burnt during the flight.

60.A red knot wading bird of 100 grams will probably weigh _____ before making its nonstop migrating flight.

A.50 grams            B.100 grams         C.150 grams          D.200 grams
61.During their migrating flight, red knot wading  birds can save energy by flying_______.
   A. separately          B. alone              C. in groups          D. in pairs

62.A_______red not wading bird has a better chance to survive during its migrating flight.

   A. stronger            B. weaker            C. thinner            D. fatter

63.The best title for this passage may probably be________.

A. Birds Thin Down For Journey              B. Birds Fatten Up For Journey

C. How Birds Build Up Fat For Journey         D. How Birds Burn Energy For Journey

 (06·浙江B篇)

It’s2035. You have a job, a family and you’re about 40 years old welcome to your future life.

    Getting ready for work, you pause in front of the mirror. “Turn red, ”you say. Your shirt changes from sky blue to deep red. Tiny preprogrammed electronics (智能电子元件) are rearranged in your shirt to change its color. Looking into the mirror, you find it hard to believe you’re 40. You look much younger. With amazing advances in medicine, people in your generation may live to be 150 years old. You’re not even middle – aged !

As you go into the kitchen and prepare to pour your breakfast cereal into a bowl, you bear, “To lose weight, you shouldn’t eat that ,” from your shoes. They read the tiny electronic (电子源码) on the cereal box to find out the nutrition details. You decide to listen to your shoes. “Kitchen, what can I have for breakfast?” A list of possible foods appears on the counter as the kitchen checks its food supplies.

“Ready for your trip to space ?” you ask your son and daughter. In 2005 only specially trained astronauts went into space – and very few of them. Today anyone can go to space for day trips or longer vacations. Your best friend even works in space. Handing your children three strawberries each, you “The doctor said you need these for space travel ” Thanks to medical advances, vaccination shots (防疫针) are a thing of the past. Ordinary foods contain specific vaccines. With the berries in their mouths, the kids bead for the front door.

It’s time for you to go to work. Your car checks your fingerprints and unlocks the doors “My office. Autopilot,” you command. Your car drives itself down the road and moves smoothly into traffic on the highway. You sit back and unroll your e – newspaper. The latest news down loads and fills the viewer. Looking through the pages you watch the news as video film rather than read it.

45．What changes the color of your shirt?

A．The mirror.             B．The shirt itself.        C．The counter.           D．The medicine.

46．How do the shoes know that you shouldn’t eat the breakfast cereal ?

A．By pouring the breakfast into a bowl.       

B．By listening to the doctor’s advice.

C．By testing the food supplies in the kitchen.

D．By checking the nutrition details of the food.

47．The strawberries the children eat serve as      .

A．breakfast                B．lunch                     C．vaccines        D．nutrition

48．How is the text organized?

A．In order of time.                                         B．In order of frequency.

C．In order of preference.                                D．In order of importance.

 (06·江苏E篇)

A new eight-kilometre road is under construction that links the port area with the motorway system . It is expected to carry 20,000 trucks and cars a day, which greatly reduces the overcrowded traffic in the center of the city . As part of the project , two four-kilometre road tunnels are being built below the central area of the city , one for traffic to the north and the other for traffic to the south .The two tunnels are about 20 metres below the surface and are 12 metres wide , providing for two lanes of traffic in each direction .

In the upper part of the tunnel two air-conditioning pipes remove the waste gas of trucks and cars and keep the quality of air inside the tunnel . The lighting is at the top of the tunnel , practically at its highest point . There will also be electronic signs at frequent intervals (间隔). They show traffic conditions ahead , and can be seen clearly by drivers . The wall is made up of four main elements , which include a waterproofing covering and , on the inside of the tunnel , a concrete lining (混凝土衬砌).

Each tunnel is roughly round and the lower part of the tunnel is somewhat flat .The surface of the road lies on the base , which is made of concrete and steel  The drainage system (排水系统), just below the road surface on one side , removes any extra liquid , particularly water . In the event of fire , the fire main , which is made of steel , pipes water to many fire hydrant stations at regular intervals along the length of the tunnel . The fire main is at the side of the tunnel , and at the level of the road surface . Other systems in the tunnel will include emergency phones .

72．Each of the tunnels under construction is       .

       A．eight kilometers long and twenty metres wide

       B．eight kilometers long and six metres wide

       C．four kilometers long and twenty metres wide

       D．four kilometers long and six metres wide

73．Which part of the tunnel in the diagram is used to pipe out extra water ?

       A．1.                           B．3.                           C．5.                           D．6.

74．Driving in the tunnel , one can know the traffic conditions ahead through        .

       A．the lights                                                   B．the electronic signs

       C．the trucks and cars                                    D．the emergency phones

75．The passage is mainly about        .

       A．the construction of a road                           B．the design of a road

       C．the construction of two tunnels                   D．the design of two tunnels

 (06·山东E篇)

PITTSBURGH – For most people, snakes seem unpleasant or even threatening. But Howie Choset sees in their delicate movements a way to save lives.

The 37-year-old Carnegie Mellon University professor has spent years developing snake-like robots he hopes will eventually slide through fallen buildings in search of victims trapped after natural disasters or other emergencies.

Dan Kara is president of Robotics Trends, a Northboro, Mass.-based company that publishes an online industry magazine and runs robotics trade shows. He said there are other snake-like robots being developed, mainly at universities, but didn’t know of one that could climb pipes.

The Carnegie Mellon machines are designed to carry cameras and electronic sensors and can be controlled with a joystick(操纵杆). They move smoothly with the help of small electric motors, or servos, commonly used by hobbyists in model airplanes.

Built from lightweight materials, the robots are about the size of a human arm or smaller.They can sense which way is up, but are only as good as their human operators, Choset added.

Sam Stover, a search term manager with the Federal Emergency Management Agency based in Indiana, said snake-type robots would offer greater mobility than equipment currently available, such as cameras attached to extendable roles.

“It just allows us to do something we’ve ot been able to do before,”Stover said, “We needed them yesterday.”

He said sniffer dogs are still the best search tool for rescue workers, but that they can only be used effectively when workers have access to damaged building.

Stover, among the rescue workers who handled the aftermath (后果) of Hurricane Katrina, said snake robots would have helped rescuers search flooded houses in that disaster.

Choset said the robots may not be ready for use for another five to ten years, depending on funding.

72. Which institution is responsible for the development of Choset’s robots?

A. Robotics Trends.                            B. Pittsburgh City Council.

C. Carnegie Mellon University.                  D. Federal Emergency Management Agency.

73. Choset believes that his invention ______.

A. can be attached to an electronic arm

B. can be used by hobbyists in model airplanes

C. can find victims more quickly than a sniffer dog

D. can sense its way no better than its operators

74. By saying “We needed them yesterday” (paragraph 7), Stover means that snake-like robots _____.

A. could help handle the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina

B. would have been put to use in past rescue work

C. helped rescuers search flooded houses yesterday

D. were in greater need yesterday than today

75. What is the text mainly about?

A. Snake-like robots used in industries.

B. Snake-like robots made to aid in rescues.

C. The development of snake-like robots.

D. The working principles of snake-like robots.

 (06·重庆C篇)

When a Swedish ship that sank in 1628 was recovered from the port of Stockholm, historians and scientists were overjoyed with the chance to examine the remains of the past. The ship construction showed how ships were built and operated during the seventeenth century. In this way, artifacts, objects made by human beings, provided a picture of daily life almost 400 years ago.

Underwater archaeology –the study of ships, aircraft and human settlements that have sunk under large bodies of water—is really a product of the last 50 years. The rapid growth of this new area of study has occurred because of the invention of better diving equipment. Besides the Swedish ship wreck(残骸), underwater archacologists have made more exciting discoveries such as the 5,000-year-old boats in the Mediterranean Sea.

Underwater archacology can provide facts about the past. In ancient ports all over the world are ships sunken in the past 6,000 years. There are also sunken settlements in seas and lakes telling of people’s way of life and their systems of trade in ancient times. Underwater archacologists want to study these objects to add to the world’s knowledge of history , but they have to fight two enemies. One enemy is treasure hunters who dive for ancient artifacts  that they can sell to collectors. Once sold, these objects are lost to experts. The second enemy is dredging machines (挖掘机)often used to repair ports. These machines destroy, wrecks and artifacts or bury them deeper under sand and mud. By teaching the public about the importance of underwater “museums” of the past, archaeologists are hoping to get support for laws to protect underwater treasures.

63．What purpose does Paragraph 1 serve in the passage?

      A．To provide background information of the topic.

       B．To attract readers’ attention to the topic.

       C．To use an example to support the topic.

       D．To offer basic knowledge of the topic.

64．The aim of underwater archacology is to                 .

       A．exploit water bodies

       B．search for underwater life

       C．study underwater artifacts

       D．examine underwater environment

65．Underwater archaeologists are worried because             .

       A．sea hunters have better diving equipment

       B．their knowledge of world history is limited

       C．dredging machines cause damage to the ports

       D．sold artifacts can hardly be regained for research

66．What is the main purpose of the passage?

       A．to introduce a young branch of learning.

       B．To discuss the scientists ’ problems.

       C．To explain people’s way of life in the past.

       D．To describe the sunken ships.

 (06·上海B篇)

Nervous suspects（嫌疑犯）locked up in Britain’s newest police station may feel relieved by a pleasant yellow Colour on the door. If they are close to confessing a crime, the blue on the wall might tip the balance.

Gwent Police have abandoned colours such as greys and browns of the 20th-century police cell（牢房）and have used colour psychology to decorate them.

Ystrad Mynach station, which recently opened at a cost of￡5 million has four cells with glass doors for prisoners who suffer from claustrophobia（幽闭恐怖症） Designers have painted the frames yellow, which researchers say is a calming colour. Other cells contain a royal blue line because psychologists believe that the colour is likely to encourage truthfulness.

The station has 31 cells, including 12 with a “live scan” system for drunken or disturbed prisoners, which detects the rise and fall of their chest. An alarm alerts officers if a prisoner’s breathing stops and carries on ringing until the door is opened.

Designers and psychologists have worked for years on colour. Blue is said to suggest trust, efficiency, duty, logic, coolness, thinking and calm. It also suggests coldness and unfriendliness. It is thought that strong blues will stimulate clear thought and lighter, soft colours will calm the mind and aid concentration.

Yellow is linked with confidence, self-respect and friendliness Get the colour wrong and it could cause fear, depression and anxiety, but the right yellow can lift spirits and self-respect.

Ingrid Collins, a psychologist who specializes in the effects of colour, said that colour was an “energy force ” She said: “Blue does enhance communication but I am not sure it would enhance truthful communication.”

Yellow, she said, affected the mind. Red on the other hand, should never be considered because it could increase aggression Mrs Collins praised the designers for using colours in the cells Gwent is not the first British force to experiment with colour to calm down or persuade prisoners to co-operate, In the 1990s Strathclyde Police used pink in cells based on research carried out by the US Navy.

69．The expression “tip the balance ” in paragraph 1 probably indicates that the blue might    .

       A．let suspects keep their balance                               

B．help suspects to confess their crimes

C．make suspects cold and unfriendly in law court  

D．enable suspects to change their attitudes to colours

70．Which of the following colours should NOT be used in cells according to me passage?

       A．Pink.                      B．Yellow                    C．Blue.                      D．Red.

71．Which of the following helps alert officers if someone stops breathing?

       A．Scanning equipment.                    B．Royal blue lines.     

C．Glass doors.                                               D．Yellow frames.

72．The passage is mainly concerned with                             .

       A．the relationship between colours and psychology 

B．a comparison of different functions of colours

       C．the use of colours in cells to affect criminals’ psychology

       D．scientific ways to help criminals reform themselves in prison