阅读理解

　　New York, 10 November 5∶27pm, yesterday．Biggest power failure in the city's history．*Thousands of people got stuck in lifts．Martin Saltzman spent three hours between the 21^st and 22^nd floors of the Empire State Building．“There were twelve of us．But no one panicked．We passed the time telling stories and playing word games．One man wanted to smoke but we didn't let him．Firemen finally got us out．”

　　*“It was the best night we've ever had,”said Angela Carraro, who runs an ltalian restaurant on 42nd Street．“We had lots candles on the tables and the waiters were carrying candles on their trays．The place was full and all night, in fact, for after we had closed, we let the people stay on and spend the night here．”

　　*The zoos had their problems like everyone else．Keepers worked through the right．They used blankets to keep flying squirrels and small monkeys warm．While zoos had problems keeping warm, supermarkets had problems keeping cool．“All of our ice cream and frozen foods melted,”said the manger of a store in downtown Manhattan．“They were worth $50,0000．”

　　*The big electric clock in the lobby(大厅)of the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel in downtown Manhattan started(滴答)again at 5：25 this morning．It was almost on time．

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　　Glynis Davis：

　　I first piled on the ponds when I was in the family way and I couldn’t lose them afterwards．Then I joined a slimming club．My target was 140 pounds and I lost 30 pounds in six months．I felt great and people kept saying how good I looked．But Christmas came and I started to slip back into my old eating habits．I told myself I’d lose the weight at slimming classes in the new year… but it didn’t happen．Instead of losing the pounds, I put them on．I’d lost willpower and tried to believe that the old bagel of fish and chips didn’t make any difference but the scales don’t lie.?

　　Roz Juma：

　　To be honest, I never weigh myself any more．I’ve leant to be happy with myself．It seemed to me that I would feel sorry about every spoonful of tasty food that passed my lips．My idea is simple．You shouldn’t be too much thinking about food and dieting．Instead, you should get on with life and stop dreaming of a supper-thin body．This is obviously the size I’m meant to be and, most of all, I’m happy with it．

　　Lesley Codwin：

　　I was very happy about winning Young Slimmer of the Year．I’d look in the mirror unable to believe this slim lady was me!That might have been my problem——perhaps from then on I didn’t pay any attention to myself．Winning a national competition makes everything worse, though, because you feel the eyes of the world are fixed upon you．I feel a complete failure because I’ve put on weight again．

　　Ros Langfod：

　　Before moving in with my husband Gavin, I’d always been about 110 pounds, but the pleasant housework went straight to my waist and I put on 15 pounds in a year．Every so often I try to go on a diet… I’m really good on a few days then end up having the children’s leftovers or eating happily chocolate——my weakness．I’d like to be slim, but right now my duty is the children and home．I might take more exercise when my kids are older．

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阅读理解

　　For years and years people have been saying that the railways are dead．“We can do without railways”．people say, as if motorcars and planes made the railways unnecessary．We all keep hearing that trains are slow, that they lose money, that they’re dying．But this is far from the truth．In these days of expensive oil, the railways have become highly competitive with motorcars and planes．If you want to carry people or goods from place to place, they’re cheaper than planes．

　　And they have much in common with planes．A plane goes in a strange line and so does a railway．What is more, it takes you from the heart of a city into the heart of another．It doesn’t leave you as a plane does, miles and miles from the city center．It doesn’t hold you up as a car does, in endless traffic jams．And a single train can carry goods which no plane or motorcar could ever do．Far from being dead, the railways are very much alive．Modern railway lines give you a smooth, untroubled journey．Where else can you eat well, sleep in comfort, feel safe and enjoy the scene while you are traveling at speed at the same time?And we are only at the beginning．For we have just entered the age of super-fast trains, traveling at 150 miles an hour and more．Soon we will be wondering why we spent so much on motorways we can’t use because we have not enough money to buy the oil and planes we can’t fly in for the same reason．

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　　A good hearing memory will help your child do better in school．Your child' s hearing ability is normal．Yet, he may seem to be very poor at remembering and understanding what he' s heard at school．

　　Why should this be?It's because he's not using his hearing ability to help him remember and understand what he's been taught．

　　Some children get into the habit of learning and remembering things by what they hear．They've got good hearing memories．Other children find it easier to learn and remember things by what they see．They've got good seeing memories．Some children have equally good ability at both seeing and hearing in learning things．Others, less fortunate, seem to have poor hearing and seeing memories．Most children, I'd say, unknowingly prefer one method over the other for learning and remembering．

　　But this favoring of one sense over the other is a bad habit and deprives(使……不能)the child of the full use of his natural senses．

　　Mrs．Alien was clearly incredulous when I told her there was nothing wrong with her son' s hearing．“But he never seems to really understand what he hears, that's what his teachers tell me,”she said．

　　“My psychological examination of William shows he's weak in his hearing memory,”I said,“but he has perfectly normal intelligence and can learn in school．”

　　“Our family doctor examined William and he says the boy' s hearing was all right．So, that proves you're right on that point,”admitted Mrs．Alien．“So how can we help him?My husband and I will do anything you say, Dr．Dursteln．”

　　“You can do a lot to improve William's hearing memory, but it'll take time．You must be patient and not expect results immediately．”I cautioned．

　　I suggested a detailed program for the parents to use at home．I told Mrs．Alien to come back and see me every two weeks so that I could guide her in any problem she had in using my program．

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阅读理解

　　Dr．Hausman is a hair detective．Once a mountain lion killed a thirteen-year-old boy．The town offered a reward of thousand dollars for anyone who would kill the lion．

　　One day an excited hunter came to the town to say that he had killed the mountain lion．As proof that he had killed the right animal, he showed a ball of human hair．He said he had taken the hair from the stomach of the mountain lion．

　　However, another hunter soon showed up to claim(索要)the reward．He too had a ball of human hair that he said he had taken from the dead lion' s stomach．The town did not know which man to pay．Maybe neither one had killed the right mountain lion．To settle the argument, they decided to turn the whole thing over to Dr．Hausman．

　　Dr．Hausman studied the hair and reported that the second hunter should be paid．The hair in the stomach of the mountain lion he had killed matched the hair of the boy．The whole town was relieved to know for sure that the killer had been found．

　　There are other kinds of detectives who do not wear a uniform, like Hausman, solve endless mysteries every year．There is, for example, the dust detective．Tiny bits of dust stick to your clothes, your fingernails, your hair, or your shoes．They catch in your nose and in your ears．They tell where you have been and what you have done lately．The dust detective often helps catch a criminal by proving that he has been on the scene of the crime(罪案)．

　　Then there is the wood detective．By studying a piece of wood he can tell what kind of tree the piece of wood came from．He can tell where it was grown, and how old it is．He can even tell you what the weather was like at a certain place the year Columbus landed in America．The growth rings on a tree tell him．

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　　Fear and its companion pain are two of the most useful things that men and animals possess, if they are properly used．If fire did not hurt when it burnt, children would play with it until their hands were burnt away．Similarly, if pain existed but fear didn’t, a child would burn himself or herself again and again, because fear would not warn himself or herself to keep away from the fire-that had burnt himself or herself before．A really fearless soldier－and some do exist is not a good soldier because he is soon killed; and a dead soldier is of no use to his army．Fear and pain are therefore two guards without which men and animals might soon die out．

　　In our first sentence we suggested that fear should be properly used．If, for example, you never go out of your house because of the danger of being knocked down and killed in the street by a car, you are letting fear rule you too much．Even in your house you are not absolutely safe：an aero plane may crash on your house, or ants may eat away some of the beams in your roof so that the latter falls on you, or you may get cancer!

　　The important thing is not to let fear rule you, but instead to use fear as your servant and guide．Fear will warn you of dangers; then you have to decide what action to take．

　　In many cases, you can take quick and successful action to avoid the danger．For example, you see a car coming straight towards you．Fear warns you, you jump out of the way, and all is well．

　　In some cases, however, you decide that there is nothing that you can do to avoid the danger．For example, you can’t prevent an aero plane crashing onto your house．In this case, fear has given you its warning; you have examined it and decided on your course of action, so fear of this particular danger is no longer of any use to you, and you have to try to overcome it．

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　　About six years ago I was eating lunch in a restaurant in New York City when a woman and a young boy sat down at the next table, I couldn't help overhearing parts of their conversation．At one point the woman asked,“So, how have you been?”And the boy－who could not have been more than seven or eight years old－replied．“Frankly, I've been feeling a little depressed lately．”

　　This incident stuck in my mind because it confirmed my growing belief that children are changing．As far as I can remember, my friends and I didn't find out we were“depressed”, that is, in low spirits, until we were in high school．

　　Undoubtedly a change in children has increased steadily in recent years．Children don't seem childlike anymore．Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to．

　　Whether this is good or bad is difficult to say, but it certainly is different．Childhood as it once was no longer exists．Why?

　　Human development depends not only on born biological states, but also on patterns of gaining social knowledge．Movement from one social role to another usually involves learning the secrets of the new social positions．Children have always been taught adult secrets, but slowly and in stages; traditionally, we tell sixth graders things we keep hidden from fifth graders．

　　In the last 30 years, however, a secret-revelation(揭示)machine has been equipped in 98 percent of American homes．It is called television．Television passes information to all viewers alike, whether they are children or adults．Unable to resist the temptation(诱惑), many children turn their attention from printed texts to the less challenging, more attractive moving pictures．

　　Communication through print, as a matter of fact, allows for a great deal of control over the social information which children will gain．Children must read simple books before they can read complex materials．

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　　Without proper planning, tourism can cause problems．For example, too many tourists can crowd public places that are also enjoyed by the inhabitants of a county．If tourists create too much traffic, the inhabitants become annoyed and unhappy．They begin to dislike tourists and to treat them impolitely．They forget how much tourism can help the country's economy．It is important to think about the people of a destination country and how tourism affects them．Tourism should help a country; keep the customs and beauty that attract tourists．Tourism should also advance the wealth and happiness of local inhabitants．

　　Too much tourism can be a problem．If tourism grows too quickly, people must leave other jobs to work in the tourism industry．This means that other parts of the country's economy can suffer．

　　On the other hand, if there is not enough tourism, people can lose jobs．Business can also lose money．It costs a great deal of money to build large hotels, airports, air terminals, first-class roads and other support facilities needed by tourist attractions．For example, a major international class tourism hotel can cost as much as 50 thousand dollars per room to build．If this room is not used most of the time, the owners of the hotel lose money．

　　Building a hotel is just a beginning．There must be many support facilities as well, including roads to get to the hotel, electricity, sewers to handle waste, and water．All of these support facilities cost money．If they are not used because there are not enough tourists, jobs and money are lost．

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阅读理解

　　The American book Who Moved My Cheese has been a bestseller all over the world．It teaches people how to face changes in their lives．Now its author Spence Johnson has written a book just for teens．The book tells us that when facing change in our lives, like a new school or new friends, don't be afraid．Instead, use this change to make a better life．The book gives an example of a change at school．A school is changing from having two terms to three terms because there are too many students．

　　Several teens are talking about this．Most of them are unhappy and worried．But Chris is not．He laughs and tells a story about two mice, two“little people”and some cheese．

　　The four are in a maze looking for the cheese．Here, cheese means something important in life, like moving to a new class or getting into college．But they find the cheese is gone．The mice realize that they can’t change what has happened and have to find more cheese．This means finding different dreams．The little people, however, can’t do this．They are afraid of change so they find no cheese．

　　After Chris finishes the story, the friends understand one thing：to get more cheese, move in a new direction quickly．His friends understand how this can be used in the changes all teens face, such as doing well at school or having good relationships or just feeling good about yourself．

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　　The competition among producers of personal computers is essentially a race to get the best, most innovative(革新的)products to the marketplace．Marketers in this environment frequently have to make a judgment as to their competitors’ role when making marketing strategy(战略性的)decisions．If major competitors are changing their products, then a marketer may want to follow suit to remain competitive．Apple Computer, Inc．has introduced two new, faster personal computers, the Mackintosh II and Mackintosh SE, in anticipation of(预期)the introduction of a new PC by IBM, one of Apple’s major competitors．

　　Apple’s new computers are much faster and more powerful than its earlier models．The improved Mackintosh is able to run programs that previously were impossible to run on an Apple PC, including IBM－compatible(兼容的)programs．This compatibility feature(特点)shows computer manufactures’ new attitude of giving customers the features they want．Making Apple computers able to run IBM software is Applets effort at making the Mackintosh compatible with IBM computers and thus more popular in the office, where Apple hopes to increase sales．Users of the new Apple can also add accessories(附件)to make their machines specialize in specific uses, such as engineering and writing．

　　The new computers represent a big improvement over past models but they also cost much more．Company officials do not think the higher price will slow down buyers who want to step up a more powerful computer．Apple wants to stay in the high－price end of the personal computer market to finance research for even faster, more satisfying computers．

　　Even though Apple and IBM are major competitors, both companies realize that their competitor’s computers have certain features that their own models do not．The Apple line has always been popular for its satisfying color graphics(图形), whereas the IBM machines have always been favored in offices．In the future, there will probably be more compatibility between the two companies’ products, which no doubt will require that both Apple and IBM change marketing strategies．

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